TWI500662B - 生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 - Google Patents
生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI500662B TWI500662B TW102148808A TW102148808A TWI500662B TW I500662 B TWI500662 B TW I500662B TW 102148808 A TW102148808 A TW 102148808A TW 102148808 A TW102148808 A TW 102148808A TW I500662 B TWI500662 B TW I500662B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- bio
- raw
- polyol composition
- foaming material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title description 10
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 129
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 anthrone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010296 bead milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011173 biocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G1/00—Lignin; Lignin derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/64—Macromolecular compounds not provided for by groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/63
- C08G18/6492—Lignin containing materials; Wood resins; Wood tars; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
本揭露是有關於一種生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料。
石油原料儲存及供應量不足的虞慮,導致石化價格颷漲以及石化原料來源不足的問題日益嚴重,並且在石化產品生產、使用及廢棄銷毀過程中,也產生大量污染物造成許多環境的問題,因此世界先進國家皆將植物型的生質材料列為極力發展項目,未來將取代石化原料成為重要之關鍵工業原料。在自然界中,木質素(lignin)的儲量僅次於纖維素,全球每年約有500億噸產量,儲量豐富且成本低廉的木質素具極大商機,再加上木質素具多芳香環結構機械性質與耐化性佳,非常適合用來開發生質複合材料,但目前國際開發生質材料如木質素應用於高分子複合材料仍然十分有限,主要歸因於木質素OH官能基與苯環結構多,分子作用力如氫鍵作用力與π-π吸引力強,導致木質素於高分子基
材中不易分散,造成添加量越多機械性質反而越差,唯有使木質素在高分子基材中能均勻分散,才能有效提升生質複合材料的機械性質並降低成本,因此木質素的混合分散與改質技術成為目前國內產業最迫切需要建立的關鍵技術之一。
目前木質素應用於高分子複合材料的開發仍然十分有限。若將木質素直接與多元醇混合並進行發泡,由於木質素在聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)中分散性與穩定性不佳,造成添加量越多壓縮強度則越差的結果。就磺酸鹽木質素而言,可以離子交換方式改質木質素後溶解於多元醇中進行發泡,然而以離子交換方式改質木質素相對大幅提高木質素的成本。因此極大程度侷限了這項技術。
本揭露提供一種生質多元醇組合物,該組合物至少包括多元醇以及表面改質木質素。其中該表面改質木質素是以改質劑包覆或吸附於木質素表面而形成,該改質劑是透過物理性鍵結包覆或吸附至該木質素。其中該木質素粒徑介於1~100μm之間。
本揭露也提供一種生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中所述生質聚氨酯發泡包括佔其總重0.1~50wt%含量的木質素,該表面改質木質素粒徑介於1~100μm之間。
為讓本揭露之上述特徵能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
圖1是未改質的純木質素與表面改質的木質素之熱重分析圖譜。
圖2是未改質木質素、改質木質素與改質劑的傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜圖。
圖3顯示本揭露實施例之木質素PU發泡材料的電子顯微鏡圖。
圖4是本揭露實施例的木質素PU發泡材料總熱釋放量(THR)與純石化原料PU發泡材料總熱釋放量的比較圖。
本揭露提出一種生質多元醇組合物、生質聚氨酯發泡材料和其製造方法。
本揭露提供一種生質多元醇組合物,至少包括多元醇以及表面改質木質素,經表面改質的木質素可均勻分散於多元醇中。而當此生質多元醇組合物用以製作PU發泡材料時,經表面改質的木質素均勻分散於PU發泡材料中,進而提升材料機械性質與耐燃性。本揭露透過溶解度參數篩選,設計木質素與改質劑的組配,使改質劑溶解度參數盡量接近於木質素。木質素表面經改質劑改質後,可增進其與多元醇之相容性與分散性,使木質素與多元醇相容(或相溶),而得到生質多元醇組合物。
前述改質劑可為具有氫氧基或環氧基之醇類、環氧樹脂或上述之混合物,例如多元醇,包括乙二醇(ethylene glycol)、聚丙烯乙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、二丙烯甘醇(dipropylene Glycol,DPG)、甘油(glycerol)。以二元醇為例,因其分子兩末端均具有羥基(-OH基),一端-OH基可吸附於木質素表面以增加木質素之分散性(即改質木質素表面),而另一端-OH基則可進一步反應用以製作PU發泡材料。
不同種類的木質素與二元醇改質劑,如乙二醇、聚丙烯乙二醇400(polypropylene glycol 400,PPG400)的溶解度參數如表1所示,木質素與改質劑的相容(溶)性與兩者之間溶解度的差異有關,例如,磺酸鹽木質素與PPG400溶解度參數差異大約22.73J0.5
/cm1.5
左右,因此兩者相容(溶)性差造成木質素沉降,鹼木質素與PPG400溶解度差異明顯較小,約為7.46J0.5
/cm1.5
左右,因此鹼木質素可均勻分散於PPG400中,相容(溶)性較佳。同樣的,鹼木質素與乙二醇溶解度參數差異大約13.7J0.5
/cm1.5
左右,兩者相容(溶)性差造成木質素沉降,磺酸鹽木質素與乙二醇溶解度差異小,約為1.57J0.5
/cm1.5
左右,磺酸鹽木質素可均勻分散於乙二醇中,相容(溶)性較佳。
前述木質素可為磺酸鹽木質素、鹼木質素或上述之混合物,而前述多元醇可為二元醇、三元醇、四元醇或上述之混合物。例如乙二醇(ethylene glycol)、聚丙烯乙二醇(polypropylene glycol,PPG)、二丙烯甘醇(dipropylene Glycol,DPG)、甘油(glycerol)。
前述表面改質木質素,可以藉由將改質劑與木質素進行分散研磨製程,而使改質劑透過物理性鍵結包覆或吸附至該木質素表面而製得。搭配適當的研磨(grinding)分散製程,可同時縮小木質素粒徑,並使多元醇有效包覆於木質素表面,進而降低木質素表面能。經改質的木質素粒徑可介於1~100μm之間,例如介於10~60μm之間,又例如介於10~30μm之間。上述粒徑若過大,則木質素易沉降導致分層;相反的,粒徑若過小,則木質素多元醇黏度過高會造成與Isocyanate混合不均勻。前述研磨分散製程,可為珠磨製程、球磨製程或上述製程之組合。研磨珠可選用鋯珠、玻璃珠、或鋼珠。研磨時間可介於5~240分鐘之間,
上述研磨時間若過長,則粒徑過小;相反的,研磨時間若過短,則粒徑過大。
前述生質多元醇組合物中所包括的表面改質木質素,其溶解度參數介於15~40J0.5
/cm1.5
,其表面能介於25~70mJ/m2
,表面改質木質素佔組合物總重量的0.1~60wt%。
本揭露也提供一種生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中所述生質聚氨酯發泡材料包括佔其總重0.1~50wt%含量的木質素,木質素粒徑可介於1~100μm之間,例如介於10~60μm之間,又例如介於10~30μm之間。所述生質聚氨酯發泡材料是透過混合前述生質多元醇組合物、界面活性劑、觸媒、二異氰酸酯與發泡劑來進行一發泡反應,接著將混合物固化而形成為所述生質聚氨酯發泡材料。所述之二異氰酸酯包括脂肪族二異氰酸酯、芳香族二異氰酸酯或上述之混合物。所述介面活性劑包括矽酮化合物。所述觸媒包括金屬鹽或胺類化合物或上述之混合物。所述發泡劑包括二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲乙酮、正己烷、或正戊烷。
在一實施例中,前述木質素表面改質步驟與聚氨酯發泡反應的進行,包括先將改質劑與木質素進行分散研磨製程,而得到經過適當研磨分散的表面改質木質素混合溶液,接著混合多元醇、界面活性劑與觸媒,再混合二異氰酸酯與發泡劑來進行一發泡反應,最後將混合物固化成為一PU泡棉材料。所得到的生質聚氨酯(PU)發泡複合材料中木質素含量可大於16%,發泡倍率5~7倍,壓縮強度可達6.0kgf/cm2
,總熱釋放量(THR)小於16mJ/m2
,
是具有相當優良的壓縮強度與耐燃性的生質聚氨酯(PU)發泡複合材料。
實施例1
取48克鹼木質素加入94克聚丙烯乙二醇400(polypropylene glycol 400,PPG400),利用Lau研磨分散機分散30分鐘後,加入3克甘油、6克二丙烯甘醇(dipropylene glycol,DPG)、1.8克介面活性劑、0.11克觸媒以及1.6克水混合均勻,之後加入139克聚甲二苯二異氰酸酯(polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate,PMDI)進行發泡。結果如表2所示。
比較例1
取71克PPG400利用Lau研磨分散機分散30分鐘後,加入甘油3克、DPG 6克、介面活性劑1.8克、觸媒0.11克以及水0.55克混合均勻,加入75.6克PMDI進行發泡。結果如表2所示。
比較例2
取48克鹼木質素利用Lau研磨分散機分散30分鐘後,加入甘油97克、DPG 6克、介面活性劑1.8克、觸媒0.11克以及水1.6克混合均勻,加入75.6克PMDI進行發泡。結果如表2所示。
比較例3
取48克鹼木質素加入94克PPG400,利用均質機分散30分鐘後,加入甘油3克、DPG 6克、介面活性劑1.8克、觸媒0.11克以及水0.55克混合均勻,加入75.6克PMDI進行發泡。結果如
表2所示。
實施例2與3
做法同實施例1,惟研磨分散時間改為10與20分鐘。結果如表2所示。
對木質素進行熱重分析,熱重分析儀分析(Thermogravimetry Analysis)係在被控制的氣壓環境下,測量材料在特定溫度範圍下的重量變化,其主要被用於測量材料熱穩定性及其組成分析。圖1是未改質的純木質素(比較例2)與表面改質的木質素(實施例1)之熱重分析圖譜。圖1中可見木質素表面披覆多元醇(polyol)並沒有對於木質素隨溫度升高裂解的行為造成改變,故表示其吸附改質的方式是透過物理性鍵結,而木質素表面多元醇(polyol)的吸附披覆量約為15wt%,相對於木質素的總重。
圖2是未改質木質素(比較例2)、表面改質木質素(實施例1)與改質劑PPG400的傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜圖。常見的紅外線光譜的波數範圍是400~4000cm-1
。特定官能基可從所相關的紅外線光譜峰位置來觀測。相比於未改質木質素,表面改質木質素在光譜圖中1350cm-1
譜峰位置吸收強度往上升而1450cm-1
譜峰位置吸收強度往下降,而對照PPG400在光譜圖中1350cm-1
與1450cm-1
位置的吸收峰,由此可確定木質素表面確實披覆有PPG400)。
圖3乃是實施例1木質素PU發泡材料的電子顯微鏡圖。顯示木質素乃以顆粒狀態分散於PU發泡材料中。
表2所示乃是不同木質素(表面改質與未改質木質素)與不同研磨時間所得到木質素PU發泡材料性質分析。如表2所示,純石化原料木質素PU發泡壓縮強度約5.28kgf/cm2
(比較例1)。透過研磨時間長短可以控制木質素的粒徑大小。在不同研磨時間下,木質素粒徑可由45.8μm(研磨10分鐘)降低至21.7μm(研磨30分鐘),當木質素粒徑降低至21.7μm時所得發泡材料有最佳壓縮強度6kgf/cm2
,與純石化材料PU發泡材料之壓縮強度相比,增加了13.6%。
表3顯示木質素於不同實施例的粒徑範圍、表面能等數值。
如表3所示,製造過程利用研磨(grinding)分散製程,可同時縮小木質素粒徑並使多元醇有效包覆木質素進而降低木質素表面能。由實驗的實施例1可得知,當表面改質木質素與改質劑PPG400表面能接近時,木質素可均勻分散於多元醇中。由實驗的實施例2可得知,當木質素與改質劑PPG400表面能差異太大時,木質素沈降(不相容)。
圖4乃是本揭露實施例的木質素PU發泡材料總熱釋放量(THR)與純石化原料PU發泡材料總熱釋放量的比較圖。
表4乃是使用改質木質素所得到木質素PU發泡材料與使用純石化原料所得到PU發泡材料之性質分析。
如圖4與表4結果可知,純石化原料PU發泡材料總熱釋放量(THR)達到20.34mJ/m2
,添加木質素之PU發泡材料總熱釋放量(THR)則大幅下降至14.95mJ/m2,降低了約26.5%,所以其耐燃性提升。兩種材料比較起來,添加木質素之PU發泡材料的發泡倍率則相差不多而壓縮強度卻更好一些。由上述結果可知,透過溶解度參數或表面能篩選以適當搭配木質素與改質劑以及多元醇,配合研磨分散製程,可以製造獲得機械物性與耐燃性都較純石化原料PU發泡材料相當或更佳的木質素PU發泡材料。
本揭露以溶解度參數、表面能參數篩選改質劑、木質素與多元醇,並透過研磨分散製程設計來取代以往透過離子交換改質木質素的方式,使改質的木質素與高分子具有高相容性,進而提高聚氨酯發泡複合材料內木質素添加量,且能夠維持聚氨酯發泡複合材料的壓縮強度。由於不需透過離子交換改質木質素,就可提高木質素添加量,不僅可以藉由木質素導入降低聚氨酯發泡複合材料成本,又能達到高物性的聚氨酯發泡複合材料。
雖然本揭露實施例均以木質素為例,但不排除可採用其他生質材料包括纖維素、半纖維素或澱粉等。
本揭露的生質多元醇組合物不單單可應用於製作PU樹脂或PU發泡材料,也可以應用於製作環氧樹脂、聚酯樹脂、不飽和聚酯、酚醛樹脂、酚醛發泡材料等。
雖然本揭露已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭露,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本揭露之
精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,故本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
Claims (12)
- 一種生質多元醇組合物,包括:多元醇,以及佔該生質多元醇組合物總重0.1~60wt%含量的表面改質木質素,其中該表面改質木質素是以改質劑包覆或吸附於木質素表面而形成,該改質劑是具有氫氧基或環氧基之醇類、環氧樹脂或上述之混合物,並透過研磨分散製程使該改質劑透過物理性鍵結包覆或吸附至該木質素表面形成該表面改質木質素,該表面改質木質素粒徑介於1~100μm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之生質多元醇組合物,其中該多元醇包括二元醇、三元醇、四元醇或上述之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之生質多元醇組合物,其中該表面改質木質素的溶解度介於15~40J0.5 /cm1.5 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之生質多元醇組合物,其中該表面改質木質素的表面能介於25~70mJ/m2 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之生質多元醇組合物,其中該木質素包括磺酸鹽木質素、鹼木質素或上述之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之生質多元醇組合物,其中該研磨分散製程包含珠磨製程、球磨製程或上述製程之組合。
- 一種生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中所述生質聚氨酯發泡材料包括佔其總重0.1~50wt%含量的表面改質木質素,其中該表面改質木質素是以改質劑包覆或吸附於木質素表面而形成,該改質劑是具有氫氧基或環氧基之醇類、環氧樹脂或上述之混合物,並透 過研磨分散製程使該改質劑透過物理性鍵結包覆或吸附至該木質素表面形成該表面改質木質素,該表面改質木質素粒徑介於1~100μm之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中該生質聚氨酯發泡材料是透過混合申請專利範圍第1項所述之生質多元醇組合物、界面活性劑、觸媒、二異氰酸酯與發泡劑來進行一發泡反應,將混合物固化而形成為所述生質聚氨酯發泡材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中該二異氰酸酯包括脂肪族二異氰酸酯、芳香族二異氰酸酯或上述之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中該界面活性劑包括矽酮化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中該觸媒包括金屬鹽、胺類化合物或上述之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之生質聚氨酯發泡材料,其中該發泡劑包括二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲乙酮、正己烷或正戊烷。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW102148808A TWI500662B (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 |
CN201410045316.2A CN104744659B (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2014-02-08 | 生质多元醇组合物与生质聚氨酯发泡材料 |
EP14199141.4A EP2889319B1 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2014-12-19 | Bio-polyol composition and bio-polyurethane foam material |
US14/583,567 US10087298B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2014-12-26 | Bio-polyol composition and bio-polyurethane foam material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW102148808A TWI500662B (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201525028A TW201525028A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
TWI500662B true TWI500662B (zh) | 2015-09-21 |
Family
ID=52231900
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW102148808A TWI500662B (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10087298B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2889319B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104744659B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI500662B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10414852B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-09-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Biomass thermoplastic polyurethane |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3230463B1 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2022-05-25 | Sweetwater Energy, Inc. | Rapid pretreatment |
TWI560228B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-12-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Bio-polyol composition and bio-polyurethane foam material |
WO2018053530A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Sweetwater Energy, Inc. | Improved foams and films using specialized lignin |
US11821047B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2023-11-21 | Apalta Patent OÜ | High pressure zone formation for pretreatment |
CN106866935B (zh) * | 2017-03-03 | 2020-02-18 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | 一种生物多糖基水性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 |
CN109970939A (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 生物质热可塑性聚氨酯 |
CN109485824A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种可循环加工的热固性木质素基聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 |
WO2020219021A1 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-29 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Self-expanding lignofoam compositions and lignofoams made therefrom |
CN110343496B (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-09-21 | 大连工业大学 | 一种环氧化改性的木质素基聚氨酯胶黏剂 |
CN110591053A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-20 | 厦门珉瑶贸易有限公司 | 一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫的隔热材料 |
US11692000B2 (en) | 2019-12-22 | 2023-07-04 | Apalta Patents OÜ | Methods of making specialized lignin and lignin products from biomass |
CN111073325A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 华南理工大学 | 一种木质素/纤维热塑性复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN111454465B (zh) * | 2020-04-15 | 2022-05-24 | 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 | 一种改性木质素、全水基低密度阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法 |
TWI867268B (zh) * | 2022-01-06 | 2024-12-21 | 南寶樹脂化學工廠股份有限公司 | 生質多元醇之製法及其製備pu發泡材料 |
KR20240171414A (ko) * | 2023-05-30 | 2024-12-09 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 경질 폴리우레탄 폼 제조용 폴리올 조성물 |
CN118085818A (zh) * | 2024-03-08 | 2024-05-28 | 福建农林大学 | 一种竹木基生物环氧胶黏剂的制备方法和应用 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19648724A1 (de) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-05-28 | Basf Ag | Lignin-haltige Polyhydroxylverbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Polyurethane |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3577358A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1971-05-04 | Owens Illinois Inc | Organic isocyanate-lignin reaction products and process |
JP2675997B2 (ja) | 1988-05-16 | 1997-11-12 | 工業技術院長 | 新規なポリウレタンの製造方法 |
FR2689366B1 (fr) * | 1992-04-02 | 1995-01-20 | Pierre Bono | Support de culture alvéolaire et Biodestructible à base d'une charge active la lignine et de polyuréthane. |
DE19502969A1 (de) | 1995-01-31 | 1996-08-01 | Elastogran Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Hartschaumstoffen |
WO1999051654A1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-14 | Kurple Kenneth R | Process for making foam using paint sludge |
CA2450852A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Lignin-containing polyurethane and process for producing the same |
DE102004017294A1 (de) | 2004-04-05 | 2005-10-20 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Schaumstoffen |
BRPI0815822A2 (pt) * | 2007-08-31 | 2017-05-16 | Biojoule Ltd | lignina e outros produtos a partir de material de planta, e métodos e composições para estes. |
TWI419906B (zh) | 2009-12-29 | 2013-12-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 多異氰酸酯基生質材料及其形成方法 |
CN102585141B (zh) | 2011-01-14 | 2013-07-31 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法 |
CN102585143B (zh) | 2011-01-14 | 2013-07-31 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种生物质基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法 |
CN104487405B (zh) | 2012-03-07 | 2016-08-24 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | 木素基多用途肥料 |
KR20150017359A (ko) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-02-16 | 스토라 엔소 오와이제이 | 리그닌을 포함하는 분산물의 형태를 갖는 조성물, 이의 제조 방법 및 이의 용도 |
CN102850507B (zh) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-09-10 | 华南理工大学 | 一种增强的木质素基聚氨酯硬泡及其制备方法 |
CZ2012651A3 (cs) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-02-05 | SYNPO, akciová společnost | Způsob přípravy polyuretanových materiálů s obsahem ligninu, polyuretanový materiál připravený tímto způsobem |
-
2013
- 2013-12-27 TW TW102148808A patent/TWI500662B/zh active
-
2014
- 2014-02-08 CN CN201410045316.2A patent/CN104744659B/zh active Active
- 2014-12-19 EP EP14199141.4A patent/EP2889319B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-26 US US14/583,567 patent/US10087298B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19648724A1 (de) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-05-28 | Basf Ag | Lignin-haltige Polyhydroxylverbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethanen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Polyurethane |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Rahman, M. A., De Santis, D., Spagnoli, G., Ramorino, G., Penco, M., Phuong, V. T., & Lazzeri, A. (2012/11/06). Biocomposites based on lignin and plasticized poly (L‐lactic acid). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 129(1), 202-214. * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10414852B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-09-17 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Biomass thermoplastic polyurethane |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2889319B1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
US20150183948A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
US10087298B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
CN104744659A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
EP2889319A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
TW201525028A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
CN104744659B (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI500662B (zh) | 生質多元醇組合物與生質聚氨酯發泡材料 | |
Dorieh et al. | A review of recent progress in melamine-formaldehyde resin based nanocomposites as coating materials | |
TWI697408B (zh) | 纖維強化複合材料之製造方法、樹脂基材及預形體 | |
CN102604030B (zh) | 一种多孔的柔软型合成纸的制备方法 | |
CN103030921B (zh) | 一种无橡胶缠绕离合器面片及其制备方法 | |
JP2009280809A5 (zh) | ||
CN102408828B (zh) | 纳米二氧化硅改性硬质木蜡油及其制作方法 | |
CN110964416B (zh) | 一种耐候耐磨聚酯树脂与粉末涂料及其制备方法 | |
Lin et al. | Immobilization of ferric tannate on wood fibers to functionalize wood fibers/diphenylmethane di-isocyanate composites | |
Chang et al. | Effects of inorganic filler on performance and cost effectiveness of a soybean‐based adhesive | |
Zhu et al. | Formaldehyde‐free resin impregnated paper reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC): formulation and property analysis | |
CN105295325A (zh) | 包括表面改性的微球体的低密度模塑料 | |
CN106700262A (zh) | 一种聚丙烯木塑微发泡复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN106675257B (zh) | 一种汽车内饰件用安全环保半哑光清漆及其制备方法 | |
CN114456703A (zh) | 一种高性能透明哑光清漆及其制备方法 | |
CN106832173B (zh) | 生物多元醇组合物与生物聚氨酯发泡材料 | |
CN104530344A (zh) | 一种生物质来源聚氨酯纳米复合乳液及其制备方法 | |
EP2288500B1 (de) | Laminat und verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
Hou et al. | Effect of surface modification of SiO2 particles on the interfacial and mechanical properties of PBS composites | |
CN105542506A (zh) | 汽配用smc材料及其制备方法 | |
Yang et al. | Preparation and properties of environmentally benign waterborne polyurethane composites from sodium-alginate-modified nano calcium carbonate | |
CN117701139A (zh) | 一种无溶剂聚氨酯浮动彩砂自流平地坪材料及制备方法 | |
CN102337013B (zh) | 改性环氧树脂板 | |
CN102504635B (zh) | 一种环保原子灰的制备方法 | |
CN107141709B (zh) | 一种复合改性的电机用酚醛模塑料及其制备方法 |