TWI457337B - 呋呫基苯并咪唑 - Google Patents
呋呫基苯并咪唑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI457337B TWI457337B TW099124742A TW99124742A TWI457337B TW I457337 B TWI457337 B TW I457337B TW 099124742 A TW099124742 A TW 099124742A TW 99124742 A TW99124742 A TW 99124742A TW I457337 B TWI457337 B TW I457337B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 136
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 42
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
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Description
本發明係關於經取代之呋呫基苯并咪唑之前藥、製備其之方法及含有其之醫藥組合物、其視情況與一或多種其他醫藥活性化合物組合用於治療贅生性疾病及自體免疫疾病的用途。
癌症為人類死亡之主要原因之一。儘管已開發多種針對贅生性疾病之藥物且可利用諸如手術及放射治療之技術,但仍需要治療贅生性疾病的替代及改良之方法。
自體免疫疾病與由於不能終止淋巴細胞活化及生長而造成的異常淋巴增生相關。通常,該等疾病與炎症樣類風濕性關節炎、胰島素依賴型糖尿病、多發性硬化症、全身性紅斑性狼瘡症及其類似疾病相關。該等疾病之治療集中於消炎藥及免疫抑制藥物,其在許多情況下顯示嚴重副作用。因此,需要具有顯示較少副作用之新作用模式的替代藥物。
細胞凋亡為用於描述產生漸進式細胞死亡所發生的一系列細胞事件的術語。存在多種細胞凋亡路徑,其中一些已經表徵,而其他仍有待闡明。若細胞分裂與細胞凋亡之間的平衡受干擾,則可能發生危及生命之疾病,包括癌症、自體免疫病症、神經退化性及心血管疾病。
近年來,漸進式細胞死亡(細胞凋亡)與細胞分裂對於多細胞有機體之健康一樣重要已變得很明顯。在整個發育或
組織修復中,細胞分裂及分化反覆進行,產生過剩或甚至有害之細胞。為維持組織穩定狀態,必須移除或殺死此等細胞。有機體中細胞生長與細胞凋亡之間的微妙相互作用反映於複雜分子平衡中,其決定個別細胞是進行分裂、細胞週期停滯還是發生漸進式細胞死亡。
細胞增殖調節異常或缺乏適當之細胞死亡具有廣泛範圍的臨床意義。與該調節異常相關之許多疾病涉及過度增生、炎症、組織重塑及修復。此類常見適應症包括癌症、再狹窄、新生血管內膜增生、血管生成、子宮內膜異位、淋巴增生病症、移植相關病變(移植排斥)、息肉病、在組織重塑情況下喪失神經功能,及其類似適應症。該等細胞可能喪失對細胞分裂之正常調節控制,且亦可能不能經歷適當細胞死亡。
由於在大多數類型之增生性、贅生性疾病中細胞凋亡受抑制或延遲,因此誘發細胞凋亡為治療癌症(尤其對典型化學治療、放射治療及免疫治療顯示抗性的癌症類型)之一種可選方案(Apoptosis and Cancer Chemotherapy,Hickman及Dive編,Blackwell Publishing,1999)。在自體免疫及移植相關疾病及病變中,亦可使用誘發細胞凋亡之化合物恢復正常細胞死亡過程且因此可消除症狀且可能治癒該等疾病。誘發細胞凋亡之化合物此外可施用於再狹窄(亦即動脈壁中血管平滑肌細胞積聚)及由不能消除經細菌及病毒感染之細胞而造成的持續感染。此外,可對上皮細胞、內皮細胞、肌細胞及已與細胞外基質失去接觸之其他
細胞誘發或重建細胞凋亡。此等細胞能夠潛在地定殖於其他器官中,且因此會發展成病變,如贅瘤形成、子宮內膜異位及其類似病變。
WO 2004/103994揭示式(I)之呋呫基苯并咪唑化合物作為癌細胞之細胞凋亡之誘導劑
其中R、R1至R6及X具有某些廣泛定義之意義。
參考文獻另外揭示此等化合物可以在人體或動物體中分解得到相應式(I)化合物的前藥形式投與,且提出,在其他類型之前藥當中,天然存在之胺基酸之醯胺(例如由胺基酸之酸官能基與式(I)化合物之適合胺基所形成之醯胺)適用作前藥。
如WO 2004/103994中所舉例說明之呋呫基苯并咪唑之水溶性一般較低。此為製備醫藥組合物,尤其非經腸投藥之組合物的一個問題。參考文獻僅非常一般性提出非經腸投藥使用式(I)化合物之水溶性鹽的水溶液。
目前已發現,所選擇之源自前述式(I)之呋呫基苯并咪唑(其中R表示經至少一個胺基取代之芳基或雜芳基)與選自甘胺酸(Gly)、丙胺酸(Ala)及離胺酸(Lys)之天然胺基酸的醯胺展示顯著改良之水溶性且在活體內分解成母體芳族或雜芳族胺,從而充當前藥。增加之水溶性簡化醫藥組合物
之製備,且相較於母體藥物,對增溶性賦形劑之需求減少。此情況具有特別優勢,因為此等賦形劑會引起不希望有之毒性作用(Excipient Toxicity and Safety;Weiner,Myra L.;Kotkoskie,Lois A.編(2000),出版商:Dekker,New York,USA;Pharmacological effects of formulation vehicles:implications for cancer chemotherapy;ten Tije,Albert J.;Verweij,Jaap;Loos,Walter J.;Sparreboom,Alex;Clinical Pharmacokinetics(2003),42(7),665-685)。
特別對於離胺酸(Lys)來源之前藥而言,在尤其廣泛之pH值範圍內且甚至在僅稍具酸性之條件下觀測到極強的溶解度增加。在較高pH值下亦具此等特定溶解度性質之離胺酸衍生物為製備醫藥學上可接受之組合物提供特別優良之靈活性。另外在對小鼠的藥物動力學研究中發現,源自甘胺酸(Gly)、丙胺酸(Ala)及離胺酸(Lys)之醯胺前藥提供的動物中母體藥物暴露量(表示為AUC(曲線下面積)值)顯著高於源自其他天然胺基酸之醯胺前藥。舉例而言,AUC值比投與源自其他極相似之天然胺基酸(如天冬醯胺酸(Asn)、絲胺酸(Ser)、麩醯胺酸(Gln)或精胺酸(Arg))之醯胺前藥之後所發現之AUC值高超過50%。
另外,已發現本案之實例1之特定Lys來源之前藥與相應母體藥物相比,具有更佳耐受性,提供更長的腫瘤中藥物暴露時間且在動物腫瘤模型中在最大耐受劑量下具有更高之功效。此等令人驚訝之影響亦表明此前藥在治療贅生性疾病及自體免疫疾病時具有較高功效。
在活體外全血分析中,源自呋呫環之胺基的胺基酸醯胺轉化成母體藥物之效率比胺基酸醯胺為前述式(I)中殘基R之取代基的相應衍生物低。此顯示並非所有源自式(I)化合物之胺基與天然胺基酸的醯胺同樣適用作前藥。
文獻中描述各種其他類型之胺前藥(例如A.L.Simplicio,J.M.Clancy,J.F.Gilmer,Molecules 2008,13,519-546;Prodrugs:Challenges and Rewards,[in:Biotechnol.:Pharm.Aspects,2007;5(Pt.2)]V.J.Stella,R.T.Borchardt,M.J.Hageman,R.Oliyai,H.Maag,J.W.Tilley編,USA.2007,第102-131頁,出版商:(Springer,New York,N.Y.);J.Rautio,H.Kumpulainen,T.Heimbach,R.Oliyai,D.Oh,T.Järvinen,J.Savolainen,Nature Rev.Drug Discovery 2008,7,255-270)。然而,並非每種可能之前藥在每種情況下皆充分轉化為母體藥物,舉呋呫基苯并咪唑之脒與胺基磺酸酯衍生物為例說明,其在動物研究中投與之後未得到可量化之母體藥物血漿含量。此情況進一步強調說明需要針對給定藥物鑑別融合所有必要性質之適合前藥。
因此,本發明係關於式(II)化合物
其中
表示二價苯殘基,其未經取代或經一或兩個獨立地選自以下基團之其他取代基取代:低碳烷基、鹵基-低碳烷基、羥基-低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷基、醯氧基-低碳烷基、苯基、羥基、低碳烷氧基、羥基-低碳烷氧基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷氧基、苯基-低碳烷氧基、低碳烷基羰氧基、胺基、單烷基胺基、二烷基胺基、低碳烷氧基羰基胺基、低碳烷基羰基胺基、氮上之兩個取代基與氮一起形成雜環基的經取代胺基、低碳烷基羰基、羧基、低碳烷氧基羰基、氰基、鹵素及硝基;或其中兩個相鄰取代基可為亞甲二氧基;或二價吡啶殘基(Z=N),其未經取代或另外經以下基團取代:低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷氧基、胺基(其視情況經一或兩個選自低碳烷基、低碳烯基及烷基羰基之取代基取代)、鹵基-低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷基或鹵素;R1表示氫、低碳烷基羰基、羥基-低碳烷基或氰基-低碳烷基;且R2表示選自以下之基團:
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
式(II)之呋呫基苯并咪唑為水溶性改良的前藥且在活體內分解以提供式(I-II)之相應母體藥物:
其中R1及Z具有與式(II)中相同之意義。該等化合物亦在細胞分析及全血中分解。
因此式(II)之呋呫基苯并咪唑具有與WO 2004/103994中詳細描述之相應母體藥物相同之醫學用途。詳言之,式(II)化合物選擇性地誘發癌細胞之細胞凋亡且可用於治療贅生性及自體免疫疾病。因此,本發明亦係關於用作藥物之式(II)化合物。本發明另外係關於合成該等化合物之方法、含有式(II)化合物之醫藥組合物、式(II)化合物用於製備供治療贅生性及自體免疫疾病用之醫藥組合物的用途、及使用該等式(II)化合物或含有其之醫藥組合物治療贅生性及自體免疫疾病的方法。
為本案之目的,字首「低碳」表示具有1個至7個且包括最多7個、尤其1個至4個且包括最多4個碳原子的基團,所
述基團為直鏈或具有單一或多個分支之分支鏈。
在化合物、鹽及其類似物使用複數形式的情況下,此亦意謂單一化合物、鹽或其類似物。
原則上雙鍵可具有E構型或Z構型。因此本發明化合物可作為異構體混合物或單一異構體存在。若不加以規定,則意指兩種異構體形式。
式(II)中未指示具有特定構型之任何不對稱碳原子可以(R)構型、(S)構型或(R,S)構型存在,較佳以(R)構型或(S)構型存在。因此,該等化合物可以異構體混合物或純異構體之形式存在,較佳以對映異構體純之立體異構體形式存在。
本發明亦係關於式(II)化合物之可能互變異構體。
低碳烷基較佳具有1至4個碳原子且為諸如正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基之丁基;諸如正丙基或異丙基之丙基;乙基或甲基。較佳低碳烷基為甲基或乙基。
環烷基較佳具有3至7個環原子,且可未經取代或經例如低碳烷基或低碳烷氧基取代。環烷基為例如環己基、環戊基、或甲基環戊基。
芳基表示具有5至10個碳原子的單環芳族基或雙環稠環芳族基,諸如苯基、1-萘基或2-萘基,或亦表示包含苯基之部分飽和雙環稠環,諸如二氫茚基、二氫萘基或四氫萘基。
若
表示二價苯殘基且包含其他取代基,則此等取代基較佳為低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷氧基、胺基(其視情況經一或兩個選自低碳烷基、低碳烯基及烷基羰基之取代基取代)、亞甲二氧基、鹵基-低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷基或鹵素,更佳為低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷氧基、亞甲二氧基、鹵基-低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷基或鹵素。
二價苯殘基較佳為1,4-伸苯基。
雜芳基表示含有至少一個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子的芳族基,且為單環或雙環。單環雜芳基包括含有1、2、3或4個選自氮、硫及氧之雜原子的5員或6員雜芳基。雙環雜芳基包括9員或10員稠環雜芳基。雜芳基之實例包括吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、噁唑基、異噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻唑基、異噻唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、該等單環雜芳基之苯并稠合衍生物,諸如吲哚基、苯并咪唑基或苯并呋喃基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、喹唑啉基或嘌呤基。
若
表示二價吡啶基且包含其他取代基,則此等取代基較佳為低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷氧基、胺基
(其視情況經一或兩個選自低碳烷基、低碳烯基及烷基羰基之取代基取代)、鹵基-低碳烷基、低碳烷氧基-低碳烷基或鹵素,更佳為低碳烷氧基、胺基或鹵素。
較佳地,二價吡啶基為下式之基團
雜環基較佳表示含有4至10個原子且包含一、二或三個選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子的飽和、部分飽和或不飽和單環或雙環,除非另有說明,否則該雜環基可經碳或氮鍵聯,其中環氮原子可視情況經選自低碳烷基、胺基-低碳烷基、芳基、芳基-低碳烷基及醯基之基團取代,且環碳原子可經低碳烷基、胺基-低碳烷基、芳基、芳基-低碳烷基、雜芳基、低碳烷氧基、羥基或側氧基取代。雜環基之實例為吡咯啶基、噁唑啶基、噻唑啶基、哌啶基、嗎啉基、哌嗪基、二氧雜環戊烷基及四氫哌喃基。
醯基表示例如低碳烷基羰基、環己基羰基、芳基羰基、芳基-低碳烷基羰基或雜芳基羰基。醯基較佳為低碳烷基羰基,尤其丙醯基或乙醯基。
羥基-低碳烷基較佳為羥甲基、2-羥基乙基或2-羥基-2-丙基。
氰基-低碳烷基較佳表示氰基甲基及氰基乙基。
鹵基-低碳烷基較佳為氟-低碳烷基,尤其為三氟甲基、3,3,3-三氟乙基或五氟乙基。
鹵素為氟、氯、溴或碘。
低碳烷氧基尤其為甲氧基、乙氧基、異丙氧基或第三丁氧基。
鹽尤其為醫藥學上可接受之鹽。該等鹽較佳由具有鹼性氮原子之式(II)化合物與有機或無機酸形成,例如為酸加成鹽。適合之無機酸為例如氫鹵酸(諸如鹽酸)、硫酸或磷酸。適合之有機酸為例如羧酸、膦酸、磺酸或胺基磺酸,例如乙酸、丙酸、辛酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、反丁烯二酸、丁二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、諸如麩胺酸或天冬胺酸之胺基酸、順丁烯二酸、羥基順丁烯二酸、甲基順丁烯二酸、環己烷甲酸、金剛烷甲酸、苯甲酸、水楊酸、4-胺基水楊酸、鄰苯二甲酸、苯乙酸、杏仁酸、肉桂酸、甲烷磺酸或乙烷磺酸、2-羥基乙烷磺酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、1,5-萘-二磺酸、2-甲基苯磺酸、3-甲基苯磺酸或4-甲基苯磺酸、甲基硫酸、乙基硫酸、十二烷基硫酸、N-環己基胺基磺酸、N-甲基-胺基磺酸、N-乙基-胺基磺酸或N-丙基胺基磺酸、或其他有機質子酸,諸如抗壞血酸。
為分離或純化目的,亦可使用醫藥學上不可接受之鹽,例如苦味酸鹽或過氯酸鹽。對於治療用途而言,僅採用醫藥學上可接受之鹽或游離化合物(適當時採用醫藥製劑形式),且因此醫藥學上可接受之鹽或游離化合物較佳。
鑒於呈游離形式之新穎化合物與呈其鹽形式之新穎化合物(包括可在例如新穎化合物之純化或鑑別中用作中間物
之鹽)之間的密切關係,上文及下文中對於游離化合物之任何提及應理解為亦提及相應鹽(適當且方便時)。
式(II)化合物可以與相應母體藥物相同之方式使用。因此,本發明亦係關於如上文中定義之式(II)化合物,其用作藥物,詳言之用於治療贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病之藥物,尤其用於治療實體贅生性疾病之藥物。
本發明之式(II)化合物尤其對贅生性疾病及自體免疫疾病顯示治療功效。本發明化合物特別具有針對以下惡性疾病之活性:例如上皮贅瘤、鱗狀細胞贅瘤、基底細胞贅瘤、移行細胞乳頭狀瘤及癌瘤、腺瘤及腺癌、附件及皮膚附件贅瘤、黏液表皮樣贅瘤、囊性贅瘤、黏液及漿液贅瘤,管、小葉及髓質贅瘤,腺泡細胞贅瘤、複雜上皮贅瘤、特定性腺贅瘤、副神經節瘤及血管球腫瘤、痣及黑色素瘤、軟組織腫瘤及肉瘤、纖維贅瘤、黏液贅瘤、脂肪贅瘤、肌贅瘤、複雜混合及基質贅瘤、纖維上皮贅瘤、滑膜樣贅瘤、間皮贅瘤、生殖細胞贅瘤、滋養層贅瘤、中腎瘤、血管腫瘤、淋巴管腫瘤、骨性贅瘤及軟骨贅瘤、巨細胞腫瘤、混雜骨腫瘤、齒原性腫瘤、神經膠質瘤、神經上皮贅瘤、腦脊膜瘤、神經鞘腫瘤、顆粒細胞腫瘤及肺泡軟部肉瘤、霍奇金氏(Hodgkin's)及非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、其他淋巴網狀贅瘤、漿細胞腫瘤、肥大細胞腫瘤、免疫性增生疾病、白血病、混雜脊髓增生病症、淋巴增生病症及骨髓發育不良症候群。
詳言之,本發明之式(II)化合物尤其針對以下實體贅生性疾病顯示治療功效:例如上皮贅瘤、鱗狀細胞贅瘤、基底細胞贅瘤、移行細胞乳頭狀瘤及癌瘤、腺瘤及腺癌、附件及皮膚附件贅瘤、黏液表皮樣贅瘤、囊性贅瘤、黏液及漿液贅瘤,管、小葉及髓質贅瘤,腺泡細胞贅瘤、複雜上皮贅瘤、特定性腺贅瘤、副神經節瘤及血管球腫瘤、痣及黑色素瘤、軟組織腫瘤及肉瘤、纖維贅瘤、黏液贅瘤、脂肪贅瘤、肌贅瘤、複雜混合及基質贅瘤、纖維上皮贅瘤、滑膜樣贅瘤、間皮贅瘤、生殖細胞贅瘤、滋養層贅瘤、中腎瘤、血管腫瘤、淋巴管腫瘤、骨性贅瘤及軟骨贅瘤、巨細胞腫瘤、混雜骨腫瘤、齒原性腫瘤、神經膠質瘤、神經上皮贅瘤、腦脊膜瘤、神經鞘腫瘤、顆粒細胞腫瘤及肺泡軟部肉瘤。
本發明化合物同樣具有針對自體免疫疾病的活性,例如針對全身性、盤狀或亞急性皮膚紅斑性狼瘡、類風濕性關節炎、抗磷脂症候群、CREST、進行性全身性硬化症、混合性結締組織病(沙普症候群(Sharp syndrome))、雷德氏症候群(Reiter's syndrome)、幼年型關節炎、冷凝集素疾病、本質性混合性冷球蛋白血症、風濕熱、僵直性脊椎炎、慢性多發性關節炎、重症肌無力、多發性硬化症、慢性發炎性脫髓鞘多發性神經病變、格林巴利症候群(Guillan-Barré syndrome)、皮肌炎/多發性肌炎、自體免疫性溶血性貧血、血小板減少性紫癜、嗜中性白血球減少症、I型糖尿病、甲狀腺炎(包括橋本氏及葛瑞夫茲病(Hashimoto's and
Grave' disease))、艾迪森氏病(Addison's disease)、多腺症候群、天疱瘡(尋常性、落葉性、皮脂性、增殖性)、大皰性及瘢痕性類天疱瘡、妊娠類天疱瘡、獲得性大皰性表皮鬆懈、線性IgA疾病、硬化萎縮性苔癬(lichen sclerosus et atrophicus)、杜忍病(morbus Duhring)、尋常性牛皮癬、點狀、全身性膿皰及局部膿皰性牛皮癬、白斑症、斑禿、原發性膽汁性肝硬化症、自體免疫性肝炎、所有形式之絲球體腎炎、肺出血(古巴士德氏症候群(goodpasture syndrome))、IgA腎病、惡性貧血及自體免疫性胃炎、發炎性腸疾病(包括潰瘍性結腸炎及克隆氏病(morbus Crohn))、貝賽特氏病(Behcet's disease)、乳糜瀉疾病、自體免疫性葡萄膜炎、自體免疫性心肌炎、肉芽腫性睾丸炎、無睾丸炎之精子無法生成、特發性及繼發性肺纖維化、具有自體免疫性發病機制可能性的發炎性疾病(諸如壞疽性膿皮病)、紅苔癬、類肉瘤病(包括洛夫格倫氏(löfgren)及皮膚/皮下型)、環狀肉芽腫、過敏性I型及IV型免疫反應、支氣管哮喘、花粉症、異位性皮炎、接觸性皮炎及空氣傳播皮炎、大血管血管炎(巨細胞及高安氏動脈炎(Takayasu's arteritis))、中型血管血管炎(結節性多動脈炎,川崎病(Kawasaki disease))、小血管血管炎(韋格納肉牙腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)、徹奇-斯全司症候群(Churg Strauss syndrome)、顯微性多血管炎(microscopic polangiitis)、亨偌-絲奇恩賴紫癜(Henoch-Schoenlein purpura)、本質性冷球蛋白血症性血管炎、皮膚白血球破
碎性血管炎(cutaneous leukoklastic angiitis))、過敏性症候群、中毒性表皮壞死溶解(史蒂芬-瓊森症候群(Stevens-Johnson syndrome)、多形性紅斑)、由於藥物副作用所致疾病、由於I型-VI型(庫姆斯分類法(Coombs classification))免疫形式之反應所致的所有形式之皮膚、器官特異性及全身效應、移植相關病變(諸如急性及慢性移植物抗宿主及宿主抗移植物疾病),其涉及所有器官(皮膚、心臟、腎臟、骨髓、眼睛、肝臟、脾臟、肺、肌肉、中樞及周邊神經系統、結締組織、骨骼、血管及淋巴管、生殖泌尿系統、耳、軟骨、初級及次級淋巴系統(包括骨髓、淋巴結、胸腺)、胃腸道(包括口咽、食道、胃、小腸、結腸及直腸),包括直至單細胞層面及亞構造的上述器官之部分,例如乾細胞)。
式(II)化合物可單獨投與或與一或多種其他治療劑組合投與,組合療法可採用固定組合形式,或將本發明化合物與一或多種其他治療劑交錯投與或彼此獨立投與,或將固定組合與一或多種其他治療劑組合投與。此外或另外,式(II)化合物可與化學療法、放射療法、免疫療法、手術介入或此等療法之組合組合投與,尤其對於腫瘤治療。在其他治療策略之情形下,長期療法與輔助療法同樣可行,如上所述。其他可能治療為在腫瘤消退後維持患者之狀況的療法或甚至化學預防療法(例如,對處於風險中之患者)。式(II)化合物與放射療法組合使用特別較佳。
可能組合之治療劑尤其為一或多種細胞生長抑制劑或細
胞毒性化合物,例如選自包含以下之群的一或多種化學治療劑:黃膽素(indarubicin)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、干擾素、羥基尿素(hydroxyurea)、硫酸布他卡因(bisulfan)、或多元胺生物合成抑制劑、蛋白激酶(尤其絲胺酸/蘇胺酸蛋白激酶(諸如蛋白激酶C)或酪胺酸蛋白激酶(諸如表皮生長因子受體酪胺酸激酶))抑制劑、細胞因子、負生長調節劑(諸如TGF-β或IFN-β)、芳香酶抑制劑、典型細胞生長抑制劑、SH2結構域與磷酸化蛋白之相互作用的抑制劑、Bcl-2之抑制劑及Bcl-2家族成員(諸如Bax、Bid、Bad、Bim、Nip3及唯BH3蛋白)之調節劑。
本發明之化合物不僅用於人類之(預防性及較佳治療性)控制,而且用於治療其他溫血動物,例如商業上適用之動物,例如齧齒動物,諸如小鼠、兔或大鼠,或天竺鼠。該化合物亦可用作允許與其他化合物比較之參考標準。
對於下文中所提及之較佳式(II)化合物中之基團,可合理地使用上文所提及之一般性定義中的取代基定義,例如用較具體的定義或尤其用定性為較佳的定義替代較一般性的定義。
本發明之特定實施例為式(II)化合物本身,亦即其並非呈鹽形式。亦即,已發現不需要鹽形式來提供化合物在水性介質中之足夠溶解度。在R2表示下式基團之式(II)化合物之情況下尤其如此:
此等化合物在pH值介於6.5與5之間之水性介質中已具有極佳可溶性。
以下式(II)化合物較佳,其中基團
表示1,4-伸苯基或下式基團
另一組較佳式(II)化合物為以下,其中R1表示氫或氰基-低碳烷基,尤其氰基乙基。
另一種經選擇之尤其較佳式(II)化合物為下式之化合物
尤其下式各化合物
最佳為具有下式之化合物
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,例如鹽酸鹽。
本發明之化合物可藉由本身已知之方法製備,詳言之,一種以下方法,其中式(I-II)化合物
其中R1及Z係如式(II)所定義,且其中基團
可視情況經一或兩個如上文所定義之其他取代基進一步取代,或包含呈受保護形式之官能基的該化合物之衍生物,或其鹽(1)經式(III)胺基酸醯化
其中R10係選自氫(Gly);甲基(Ala)及受保護之胺基丁基(Lys),且R11為適合之胺基保護基,及(2)移除所得化合物之受保護衍生物中之任何保護基,獲得式(II)化合物,及若需要,則(3)將該式(II)化合物轉化為如上所述之鹽,或將式(II)化合物之鹽轉化為相應的游離式(II)化合物或轉化為另一種鹽,及/或將異構產物化合物之混合物分離成個別異構體。
用式(III)胺基酸醯化式(I-II)化合物係以本身已知之方式進行,通常在適合之極性或偶極非質子溶劑存在下進行,其中視需要冷卻或加熱,例如在約-80℃至約+150℃、更佳-30℃至+120℃範圍內的溫度下,尤其在約0℃至所用溶劑之回流溫度之範圍內的溫度下冷卻或加熱。視情況添加適合之鹼,尤其芳族鹼,如吡啶或三甲基吡啶,或三級胺鹼,諸如三乙胺或二異丙基乙胺,或無機鹼式鹽,例如碳酸鉀或碳酸鈉。
可在肽化學中本身已知之醯胺形成所使用之條件下,視情況在適合之鹼、催化劑或輔試劑存在下實現醯化,例如對於羧基使用諸如碳化二亞胺之活化劑,如N,N'-二乙基-
碳化二亞胺、N,N'-二丙基-碳化二亞胺、N,N'-二異丙基-碳化二亞胺、N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺及N-(3-二甲基胺基異丙基)-N'-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC);或用諸如以下之試劑:1-羥基苯并三唑(HOBt)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基參(二甲基胺基)-鏻(BOP)、六氟磷酸O-(7-氮雜-苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-(HATU)、四氟硼酸2-(2-側氧基-1-(2H)-吡啶基)-1,1,3,3-四甲(TPTU)。視情況在適合之鹼、催化劑或輔試劑存在下,亦可將羧基活化為醯基鹵化物,較佳為醯基氯化物,例如藉由與亞硫醯氯或乙二醯氯反應;或活化為對稱或不對稱酸酐,例如藉由與鹵甲酸酯(如氯甲酸乙酯)反應。
若欲保護或需要保護式(I-II)或(III)化合物中之一或多個其他官能基(例如羧基、羥基或胺基)(因為其不應參加反應),則此等官能基為熟習技術者已知的保護基,諸如醯胺(詳言之,肽化合物、頭孢菌素(cephalosporin)、青黴素(penicillin)、核酸衍生物及糖)合成中常用的保護基。適用於胺基之保護基為例如胺基甲酸第三丁酯、胺基甲酸苄酯或胺基甲酸9-茀基甲酯。
該等保護基可已存在於前驅體中且應保護所關注之官能基防止發生不期望之二次反應,諸如烷基化、醯化、醚化、酯化、氧化、溶劑分解及類似反應。保護基之一特徵在於其自身易於移除(亦即不發生不期望之二次反應),通常藉由溶劑分解、還原、光解或亦藉由酶活性(例如在類似於生理條件之條件下)移除,且其不存在於最終產物
中。專家已知或可易於確定適合上文及下文中所提及之反應的保護基。
該等保護基對該等官能基之保護作用、保護基本身、及其移除反應描述於例如關於肽合成之標準參考書及關於保護基之專門書中,諸如J.F.W.McOmie,「Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry」,Plenum Press,London and New York 1973;「Methoden der organischen Chemie」(Methods of organic chemistry),Houben-Weyl,第4版,第15卷/I,Georg Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart 1974;及T.W.Greene,G.M.Wuts「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,Wiley,New York,2006。
在根據需要進行之其他處理步驟中,起始化合物之不應參加反應之官能基可以未保護形式存在,或可利用例如上文在「保護基」名義下所提及之一或多種保護基保護。接著,根據彼處所述方法之一完全或部分移除保護基。
可以本身已知之方式製備具有成鹽基團之式(II)化合物之鹽。因此可藉由酸或適合陰離子交換試劑處理而獲得式(II)化合物之酸加成鹽。
鹽通常可轉化成游離化合物,例如藉由適合鹼性試劑(例如鹼金屬碳酸鹽、鹼金屬碳酸氫鹽或鹼金屬氫氧化物(通常為碳酸鉀或氫氧化鈉))處理酸加成鹽。
應強調的是,與本章中所提及之轉化類似的反應亦可在適當中間物之層面進行。
本文描述之所有方法步驟皆可在已知反應條件下進行,
較佳在彼等特別提及之條件下,在溶劑或稀釋劑(較佳為對所用試劑呈惰性且能溶解此等試劑之溶劑或稀釋劑)不存在或通常存在下,在催化劑、縮合劑或中和劑(例如離子交換劑,通常為陽離子交換劑,例如呈H+形式,視反應及/或反應物之類型而定)不存在或存在下,在低溫、常溫或高溫下,例如在(-100)℃至約190℃、較佳約(-80)℃至約150℃範圍內,例如在(-80)至60℃下、在(-20)℃至40℃下、在室溫下,或在所用溶劑之沸點下,在大氣壓下或在密閉容器中,適當時在密閉的壓力容器中,及/或在惰性氛圍中,例如在氬氣或氮氣下。
所有起始化合物及過渡物若含有成鹽基團,則此等起始化合物及過渡物的鹽皆可存在。鹽亦可存在於該等化合物反應期間,只要反應不會因此受干擾。
在所有反應階段,存在之異構體混合物可分離成其個別異構體,例如非對映異構體或對映異構體,或分離成異構體之任何混合物,例如外消旋體或非對映異構體混合物。
在較佳實施例中,式(II)化合物係根據或類似於實例中所述之方法及方法步驟來製備。
式(II)化合物,包括其鹽,亦可呈水合物或溶劑合物之形式。
式(I-II)及(III)之起始物質已知,且可購得或可類似於或根據此項技術中已知之方法來合成。式(I-II)化合物之製造例如描述於WO 2004/103994中且可例如根據以下一般反應流程進行:
式(II)化合物亦可經以下反應流程如針對相應離胺酸醯胺前藥所示來製造,其中「Cbz」意謂苄氧羰基:
此方法不僅可用於製造本發明之式(II)化合物,而且一般而言亦可有利地用於製造由如WO 2004/103994中所定義之式(I)化合物與任何天然存在之胺基酸所形成的前藥醯胺,例如由如上文所定義之式(I-II)化合物與該等胺基酸(亦即例如甘胺酸、丙胺酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺酸、天冬胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩醯胺酸、麩胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸或纈胺酸)所形成之前藥醯胺。
因此本發明亦係關於製造式(II-G)化合物或其鹽之方法:
其包含以下步驟:(a)使下式之化合物:
與下式之α-胺基酸衍生物:
在活化劑存在下且視情況在適合之鹼、催化劑或輔試劑存在下,較佳在六氟磷酸O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲(HATU)及2,4,6-三甲基吡啶存在下反應,獲得下式化合物:
(b)使步驟(a)之產物與溴化劑(如溴或溴化銅,較佳溴化銅)反應,獲得下式之溴化合物:
(c)使步驟(b)中獲得之該溴化合物與下式化合物:
在鹼(例如碳酸鉀)存在下反應,獲得下式化合物:
(d)自基團「受保護之胺基酸」移除所存在之任何保護基,獲得式(II-G)化合物,且視情況(e)將該式(II-G)化合物轉化成其鹽,在該式中,R1及具有上文所述之意義之一,R2-G為式胺基酸之基團。
「胺基酸」表示藉由移除天然α-胺基酸之α-碳原子上的羧基、自該胺基酸所得之殘基,且
「受保護之胺基酸」意謂與「胺基酸」相同之胺基酸,然而該胺基酸之一級胺基以及必要時其他官能基係由適合之保護基保護。適合之保護基為熟習此項技術者所知,且例如描述於「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis.」第三版,Theodora W.Greene及Peter G.M.Wuts.John Wiley & Sons,New York.1999.xxi+779頁16×24cm.ISBN 0-471-16019-9。
本發明亦係關於醫藥組合物,其包含式(II)化合物作為活性組分或成分且尤其可用作藥物,尤其治療上述疾病的藥物。
用於經腸投藥(諸如經鼻、經頰、經直腸,或尤其經口投藥)或用於非經腸投藥(諸如靜脈內、肌肉內或皮下投藥)至溫血動物(尤其人類)的組合物尤其較佳。該等組合物包含活性成分,較佳包含活性成分與醫藥學上可接受之載劑。活性成分之劑量視待治療之疾病而定,且視物種、其年齡、體重及個別病狀、個別藥物動力學資料及投藥模式而定。
本發明亦係關於用於預防性或尤其治療性控制人類或動物體的方法中,詳言之用於治療贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病,尤其上文提及之疾病的方法中的醫藥組合物。
本發明亦係關於式(II)化合物用於製備醫藥製劑之方法及用途,該等醫藥製劑包含式(II)化合物或其鹽作為醫藥活性組分。
本發明亦係關於式(II)化合物用於藥物儲槽系統以供局部藥物遞送之用途,諸如生物可降解聚合物。
用於預防性或尤其治療性控制需要該治療之溫血動物,尤其人類或哺乳動物的贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病的醫藥組合物同樣較佳,該醫藥組合物包含針對該等疾病具預防性或尤其治療性活性之量的式(II)化合物作為活性成分。
醫藥組合物包含約1%至約95%活性成分。單劑量投藥形式較佳包含約20%至約90%活性成分且不為單劑量類型之形式較佳包含約5%至約20%活性成分。單位劑量形式為例
如包衣及無包衣錠劑、安瓿、小瓶、栓劑或膠囊。其他劑型為例如軟膏、乳膏、糊劑、泡沫劑、酊劑、唇膏、滴劑、噴霧劑、分散液等。實例為含有約0.01g至約1.0g活性成分之膠囊。
本發明之醫藥組合物係以本身已知之方式,例如藉助於習知混合、造粒、包衣、溶解或凍乾法來製備。
尤其較佳為使用活性成分之溶液,尤其水溶液,尤其等張水溶液,例如在包含單獨活性成分或包含活性成分及載劑(例如甘露糖醇)之凍乾組合物的情況下,其可在使用之前配製。醫藥組合物可經滅菌及/或可包含賦形劑,例如防腐劑、穩定劑、濕潤劑及/或乳化劑、增溶劑、用於調節滲透壓之鹽及/或緩衝液,且以本身已知之方式(例如藉助於習知溶解及凍乾方法)製備。該等溶液或懸浮液可包含增黏劑,通常為羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基纖維素、聚葡萄糖、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮或明膠,或增溶劑,例如Tween 80®(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨糖醇單油酸酯)。
可注射製劑之製造通常在滅菌條件下進行,如填充至例如安瓿或小瓶中並密封容器。
適合之載劑尤其為填充劑,諸如糖,例如乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇、纖維素製劑,及/或磷酸鈣,例如磷酸三鈣或磷酸氫鈣;以及黏合劑,諸如澱粉,例如玉米、小麥、稻或馬鈴薯澱粉,甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉及/或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;及/或(必要時)崩解劑,諸如上述澱粉,以及羧甲基澱粉、交聯聚乙
烯吡咯啶酮、褐藻酸或其鹽,諸如褐藻酸鈉。其他賦形劑尤其為流動調節劑及潤滑劑,例如矽酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸或其鹽,諸如硬脂酸鎂或硬脂酸鈣,及/或聚乙二醇,或其衍生物。
可提供錠劑核心適合包衣,視情況腸溶包衣,經由使用尤其濃糖溶液,其可包含阿拉伯膠、滑石粉、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙二醇及/或二氧化鈦,或於適合有機溶劑或溶劑混合物中之包衣溶液,或適用於製備腸溶包衣的纖維素製劑諸如乙醯纖維素鄰苯二甲酸酯或羥丙基甲基纖維素鄰苯二甲酸酯之溶液。可將染料或顏料添加至錠劑或錠劑包衣中,例如用於鑑別目的或指示活性成分之不同劑量。
經口投藥之醫藥製劑亦包括由明膠組成之硬膠囊,以及由明膠及諸如甘油或山梨糖醇等增塑劑組成的軟密封膠囊。硬膠囊可含有呈顆粒形式的活性成分,例如與填充劑(諸如玉米澱粉)、黏合劑及/或滑動劑(諸如滑石粉或硬脂酸鎂)及視情況穩定劑混合。在軟膠囊中,活性成分較佳溶解於或懸浮於適合液體賦形劑,諸如脂肪油、石蠟油或液體聚乙二醇、或乙二醇或丙二醇之脂肪酸酯中,其中亦可添加穩定劑及清潔劑,例如聚氧化乙烯脫水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯類型。
適用於經直腸投藥之醫藥組合物為例如由活性成分與栓劑基質之組合組成的栓劑。適合之栓劑基質為例如天然或合成之三酸甘油酯、石蠟烴、聚乙二醇或高碳烷醇。
對於非經腸投藥,尤其適合者為呈水溶性形式(例如水
溶性鹽)之活性成分的水溶液,或水性注射懸浮液,其含有增黏物質,例如羧甲基纖維素鈉、山梨糖醇及/或聚葡萄糖,及(必要時)穩定劑。活性成分,視情況與賦形劑一起,亦可呈凍乾物之形式,且可在非經腸投藥之前藉由添加適合之溶劑製成溶液。
諸如用於例如非經腸投藥之溶液亦可用作輸液劑。
較佳防腐劑為例如抗氧化劑,諸如抗壞血酸;或殺微生物劑,諸如山梨酸或苯甲酸。
本發明另外係關於一種用於治療贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病的方法,其包含向需要該治療之溫血動物投與針對該疾病有效之量的式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中基團及符號具有如上文針對式(II)所定義的意義。式(II)化合物可原樣或尤其呈醫藥組合物之形式預防性或治療性地(較佳以針對該等疾病有效之量)投與需要該治療之溫血動物,例如人類。在個體具有約70kg體重之情況下,投與本發明化合物之日劑量為約0.01g至約5g、較佳約0.05g至約1.5g。
本發明尤其亦係關於呈原樣或與至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑一起呈醫藥調配物形式之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽(尤其稱為較佳之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽)的用途,係用於治療性及預防性控制上文提及之一或多種疾病,詳言之贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病。
上文描述欲在各種情況下使用之醫藥調配物(藥品)之較
佳劑量、組成及製備。
以下實例用以說明本發明,而非限制本發明之範圍。
縮寫:Cbz=苄氧羰基、DIPEA=N,N-二異丙基-N-乙胺、DMAP=N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶、DMF=N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、DMSO=二甲亞碸、eq=當量、ESI=電噴霧電離、HATU=六氟磷酸O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲、THF=四氫呋喃。
除非另有說明,否則所有試劑及溶劑皆具有商品品質且不經進一步純化即使用。
除非另有說明,否則報導之溫度為外部浴溫。
在Waters Micromass ZQ譜儀、Varian 1200L Quadrupole MS譜儀或Agileant 1100 LC/MSD譜儀上記錄質譜(ESI-MS)。
使用DMSO-d6、CDCl3、丙酮-d6、CD3OD、D2O作為溶劑,用Bruker Avance 400MHz譜儀或Varian Mercury Plus 400MHz譜儀獲得NMR譜。化學位移(δ)以ppm表示。
在0℃下,向攪拌之10g 4-胺基苯乙酮(74mmol,1eq)於60ml水與100ml二噁烷混合物中之溶液中添加12.43g NaHCO3(148mmol,2eq)及15.3g氯甲酸苄基酯(85mmol,1.15eq,純度95%)。在室溫下攪拌混合物4小時,隨後在減壓下濃縮以移除二噁烷。用70ml水及150ml乙酸乙酯稀釋懸浮液。分離各相且有機層經2×50ml鹽水洗
滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並在減壓下濃縮,得到19.5g呈固體狀之產物。
MS(ESI+):270[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6).ppm:10.18(s,1H),7.92-7.89(m,2H),7.61-7.58(m,2H),7.46-7.33(m,5H),5.18(s,2H),2.51(s,3H)。
將18.5g(4-乙醯基-苯基)-胺基甲酸苄酯(95%,65.3mmol,1eq)及30.7g CuBr2(138mmol,2.1eq)於740ml乙醇中之混合物加熱至回流歷時2小時。冷卻至室溫後,過濾混合物且殘餘物以2000ml乙酸乙酯洗滌。藉由添加1N NaOH水溶液使乙醇及乙酸乙酯之酸性(pH<1)合併濾液達至pH 5。隨後添加200ml水。分離各有機相,用3×200ml鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮,得到23.78g呈固體狀之粗產物,其不經進一步純化即用於下一步驟中。
MS(ESI+):348+350[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:10.26(s,1H),8.00-7.90(m,2H),7.65-7.59(m,2H),7.46-7.34(m,5H),5.19(s,2H),4.84(s,2H)。
向冰冷之攪拌的10g 2-苯并咪唑基乙腈(63.6mmol,1eq)於50ml冰乙酸中之溶液中逐滴添加4.83g亞硝酸鈉(70mmol,1.1eq)溶於最少量水(10mL)中之溶液。添加完成時,在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1小時。過濾反應期間形成之沈澱物並以2×20ml冷水及2×30ml乙醚洗滌,得到11.8g呈淡黃色固體狀之產物。
MS(ESI+):187[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:14.44(寬峰,1H),13.15(s,1H),7.80-7.20(m,4H)。
向冰冷之攪拌的13.2g羥胺鹽酸鹽(190mmol,3eq)於20ml水中之溶液中緩慢添加15.3g氫氧化鉀(27.2mmol,4.3eq)。隨後添加60ml二乙二醇二甲醚及11.8g(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-羥亞胺基-乙腈(63.4mmol,1eq)。移除冰浴且及加熱反應混合物至回流歷時8小時(浴溫170℃)。冷卻至室溫之後,過濾反應混合物且以水洗滌殘餘物,得到第一批所要產物(6.2g)。用150ml水處理濾液。過濾所得懸浮液且以水洗滌,得到第二批產物(2.17g)。合併兩批產物且
用於下一步驟中。
MS(ESI+):202[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:13.7(寬峰,1H),7.78(寬峰,2H),7.35-7.32(m,2H),6.84H(s,2H)。
向冰冷、攪拌之18.2g 4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-呋呫-3-基胺(90.5mmol,1eq)於240ml吡啶中之溶液中添加30ml甲醇鈉溶液(30%,含於MeOH中)(163mmol,1.8eq)且隨後添加6ml丙烯腈(90.5mmol,1eq)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物隔夜,隨後在減壓下濃縮。將殘餘物懸浮於250ml水中且用4×400ml乙酸乙酯萃取。合併之有機層經2×500ml鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮。將粗產物溶於約1000ml回流之乙酸乙酯中。隨後添加1700ml正已烷至該溶液中。在室溫下將所得混濁混合物靜置隔夜且過濾所形成之沈澱物,得到11.1g呈淡黃色固體狀之產物。在減壓下濃縮濾液至乾且將殘餘物懸浮於100ml正已烷/乙酸乙酯之1/1混合物中。過濾懸浮液,另得到4.7g產物。
MS(ESI+):255[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:13.75(寬峰,1H),7.81(寬峰,1H),7.61(寬峰,1H),7.37-7.34(m,2H),7.21(t,
1H,J=6Hz),3.68(q,2H,J=6Hz),2.94(t,2H,J=6Hz)。
向攪拌之11.1g 3-[4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-呋呫-3-基胺基]-丙腈(95%,41.5mmol,1eq)於90ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液中添加7.84g碳酸鉀(56.8mmol,1.3eq),隨後添加23.25g[4-(2-溴-乙醯基)-苯基]-胺基甲酸苄酯(75%,50.1mmol,1.2eq)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物4小時。隨後添加700ml水且用3×800ml乙酸乙酯萃取所得懸浮液。合併之有機層用水及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並濃縮,得到呈深棕色固體狀之粗產物。將此粗產物懸浮於150ml 2/1乙酸乙酯/甲醇混合物中。過濾,得到12.63g呈淡棕色粉末狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):522[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:10.33(s,1H),8.09(d,2H,J=9Hz),7.91-7.82(m,2H),7.71(d,2H,J=9Hz),7.50-7.36(m,8H),6.33(s,2H),5.22(s,2H),3.70-3.65(m,2H),2.95(t,2H,J=6.5Hz)。
向6.4g[4-(2-{2-[4-(2-氰基-乙基胺基)-呋呫-3-基]-苯并咪唑-1-基}-乙醯基)-苯基]-胺基甲酸苄酯(12.3mmol,1eq)於700ml乙酸乙酯與500ml甲醇之混合物中的懸浮液中添加1.3g 10%鈀/碳。在室溫下於氫氣氛圍(1atm)下攪拌反應混合物3小時。隨後其經由矽藻土過濾且在減壓下濃縮,得到呈淡黃色固體狀之粗產物,將其懸浮於60ml 7/5乙酸乙酯/甲醇混合物中。過濾,得到3.5g呈灰白色固體狀之所要產物。濃縮濾液,且用5ml 7/5乙酸乙酯/甲醇混合物如上所述處理殘餘物。過濾,得到0.45g第二批產物。
MS(ESI+):388[M+H]。
1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:7.89-7.87(m,1H),7.83-7.77(m,3H),7.47(t,1H,J=6Hz),7.42-7.38(m,2H),6.67-6.65(m,2H),6.28(s,2H),6.19(s,2H),3.70-3.66(m,2H),2.95(t,2H,J=6.5Hz)。
在0℃下向1.926g N,N-二-Z-L-離胺酸(4.65mmol;1.2eq)於10ml無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液中添加0.862g 4-甲基嗎啉(8.52mmol;0.937ml;2.2eq)及0.572g氯甲酸乙酯(5.27mmol;0.503ml;1.36eq),且在0℃下攪拌混合物10分鐘。隨後添加1.5g 3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈
(3.87mmol;1eq)於10ml無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液,且在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。轉化不完全,因此再添加0.385g N,N-二-Z-L-離胺酸(0.93mmol;0.24eq)於少量N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液及0.172g 4-甲基嗎啉(1.7mmol;0.187ml;0.44eq)與0.114g氯甲酸乙酯(1.05mmol;0.1ml;0.27eq),且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物隔夜。隨後用乙酸乙酯稀釋反應混合物且以5%檸檬酸溶液及鹽水洗滌。有機層經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮。用二氯甲烷與二異丙基醚之混合物洗滌殘餘物,且在減壓下乾燥,得到2.38g呈灰白色固體狀之產物。
MS(ESI+):784.5[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:10.5(s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.91-7.84(m,4H),7.66(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.48-7.26(m,14H),6.35(s,2H),5.06(s,2H),5.00(s,2H),4.21-4.15(m,1H),3.69(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.01-2.94(m,4H),1.80-1.65(m,2H),1.50-1.25(m,4H)。
將3.73g N,N-二-Z-L-離胺酸(9.0mmol;1.2eq)、1.82g 2,3,5-三甲基吡啶(15mmol;1.95ml;2eq)及5.7g HATU(15mmol;2eq)溶於50ml無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中,且在室溫下攪拌混合物5分鐘。隨後添加2.9g 3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈(7.5mmol;1eq)於30ml無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液,且在室溫下攪拌混合物2天。再添
加0.37g N,N-二-Z-L-離胺酸(0.9mmol;0.12eq),且在室溫下攪拌混合物一天。再添加0.74g N,N-二-Z-L-離胺酸(1.8mmol;0.24eq)、0.36g 2,3,5-三甲基吡啶(3mmol;0.39ml;0.4eq)及1.14g HATU(3mmol;0.4eq),且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物一天。
隨後用乙酸乙酯稀釋反應混合物,且以水、5%檸檬酸溶液及鹽水洗滌。有機層經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮。殘餘物用環己烷/二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯之1/2/2混合物洗滌,隨後用二氯甲烷/二異丙基醚之1/1混合物洗滌。隨後將其在減壓下乾燥,得到4.26g呈灰白色固體狀之產物。
用0.129g Pd/C(10%)處理4.77g S-{5-苄氧羰基胺基-5-[4-(2-{2-[4-(2-氰基-乙基胺基)-呋呫-3-基]-苯并咪唑-1-基}-乙醯基)-苯基胺甲醯基]-戊基}-胺基甲酸苄酯(6.09mmol;1eq)於200ml THF、50ml甲醇及3.5ml 2N鹽酸之混合物中之溶液,且在氫氣氛圍(1atm)下、於室溫下攪拌
所得混合物5小時。隨後,藉由過濾移除催化劑且在減壓下移除溶劑。藉由MCI凝膠層析法,以3/1之水/乙腈作為溶離劑純化殘餘物,得到所要產物。
轉化成鹽酸鹽:將產物溶於50ml二噁烷與20ml甲醇之混合物中,且用4ml 4M HCl之二噁烷溶液處理。隨後在減壓下移除溶劑。用二氯甲烷與二異丙基醚之混合物洗滌殘餘物,且在減壓下乾燥,得到1.59g呈灰白色粉末狀之產物。
MS(ES+):516.4[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 )ppm:11.6(s,1H),8.51(s,3H),8.16(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.97-7.85(m,7H),7.45-7.39(m,3H),6.36(s,2H),4.19-4.17(m,1H),3.69(q,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.95(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.81-2.79(m,2H),1.99-1.88(m,2H),1.65-1.61(m,2H),1.50-1.46(m,2H)。
在配備有磁性攪拌器之250ml燒瓶中,將5.0g N,N'-二苄氧羰基-L-離胺酸(12.06mmol,1.0eq)、9.17g HATU(24.13mmol,2.0eq)及2.19g 2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(18.10mmol,1.5eq)溶於70ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中,隨後添加1.96g 4-胺基苯乙酮(14.48mmol,1.2eq)。在10℃下攪拌該淡黃色混合物18小時。用40ml飽和NH4Cl水溶液稀釋反應混合物。過濾白色沈澱物且用水及異丙醚充分洗滌濾餅,得到5.3g呈固體狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):532.3[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:10.34(s,1H),7.90(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.58(m,1H),7.33-7.30(m,10H),7.20(m,1H),5.00(s,2H),4.95(s,2H),4.10(m,1H),2.96(m,2H),2.50(s,3H),1.71-1.27(m,6H)。
在配備有磁性攪拌器之100ml燒瓶中,將0.5g S-[5-(4-乙醯基-苯基胺甲醯基)-5-苄氧羰基胺基-戊基]-胺基甲酸苄酯(0.94mmol,1.0eq)溶於15ml氯仿及15ml乙酸乙酯中,隨後向燒瓶中添加0.53g溴化銅(2.35mmol,2.5eq)。在78℃下攪拌深綠色混合物6小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫,用40ml二氯甲烷稀釋且過濾。用20ml水洗滌濾液,且分離各相。用10ml二氯甲烷萃取水相兩次。合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥並濃縮得到粗產物,其藉由自3ml甲苯中再結晶而純化,得到350mg呈淡黃色固體狀之所要產物。
1 H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm:10.39(s,1H),7.95(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60(m,1H),7.39-7.20(m,10H),7.13(m,1H),5.00(s,2H),4.95(s,2H),4.81(s,2H),4.15(m,1H),2.97(m,2H),1.62-1.28(m,6H)。
在配備有磁性攪拌器之50ml燒瓶中,將1.3g S-{5-苄氧羰基胺基-5-[4-(2-溴-乙醯基)-苯基胺甲醯基]-戊基}-胺基甲酸苄酯(2.13mmol,1.0eq)及569mg 3-[4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-呋呫-3-基胺基]-丙腈(2.24mmol,1.05eq)溶於20ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中,隨後在室溫下向燒瓶中添加441mg碳酸鉀(3.19mmol,1.5eq)。在室溫下攪拌混合物30分鐘。
隨後,將其用20ml飽和NH4Cl水溶液稀釋。過濾所得沈澱物且用水及甲醇充分洗滌,得到1.3g呈淡黃色固體狀之所要產物。
類似於上述方法製備呈游離鹼或鹽酸鹽形式的以下化合物:
在室溫下向攪拌之0.06g N-BOC-甘胺酸(CAS 4530-20-5)(0.34mmol;1.2eq)於1mL N,N'-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液中添加0.16g六氟磷酸2-(7-氮雜-1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲(0.43mmol;1.5eq)及0.1ml三乙胺(0.71mmol;2.5eq)。在室溫下攪拌0.5小時之後,添加0.1g 2-[2-(4-胺基-呋呫-3-基)-苯并咪唑-1-基]-1-(4-胺基-苯基)-乙酮(CAS 798577-83-0)(0.28mmol;1eq)於1mL N,N'-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液。將反應溶液在室溫下攪拌隔夜。隨
後,在室溫下向反應溶液中添加含有0.08g六氟磷酸2-(7-氮雜-1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲(HATU)(0.22mmol;0.75eq)及0.05ml三乙胺(0.35mmol;1.25eq)之0.03g N-BOC-甘胺酸(0.17mmol;0.6eq)於0.5ml N,N'-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液。在另外24小時及另外8小時之後再次添加相同混合物。隨後進一步攪拌反應混合物歷時64小時(總反應時間120小時)。反應混合物用乙酸乙酯(10ml)稀釋,隨後用水(10ml)、10%檸檬酸水溶液(10ml)、鹽水(2×5ml)洗滌,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮至乾,得到粗產物。
對粗產物進行矽膠管柱層析(溶離劑:乙酸乙酯/環己烷=1/1至4/1)。所得物質自二氯甲烷中再結晶,得到0.085g呈白色粉末狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):492.4[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:10.40(s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=8.8Hz;2H),7.40(m,2H),7.11(t,J=6.0Hz),7.00(s,2H),6.33(s,2H),3.79(d,J=6Hz,2H),1.41(s,9H)。
在室溫下向攪拌之0.045g[(4-{2-[2-(4-胺基-呋呫-3-基)-苯并咪唑-1-基]-乙醯基}-苯基胺甲醯基)-甲基]-胺基甲酸第三丁酯(0.09mmol;1eq)於0.5ml 1,4-二噁烷中之溶液中逐滴添加0.11ml 4M HCl之1,4-二噁烷(0.44mmol;5eq)溶液。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2小時。隨後,添加5ml二異丙基醚且過濾所得懸浮液,用二異丙基醚(2×2ml)洗滌並在減壓下乾燥,得到0.04g粗物質。以含有0.05% HCl之水/乙腈(85/15至70/30)混合物溶離、對粗固體進行MCI凝膠管柱層析,得到0.014g呈橙色粉末狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):392.4[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:11.21(s,1H),8.29(br.s.,3H),8.16(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.88(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.84(m,2H),7.41(m,2H),7.1-6.9(m,2H),6.36(s,2H),3.95(m,2H)。
向冷卻至0℃、經攪拌的0.5g 4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-呋呫-3-基胺(CAS 332026-86-5)(2.49mmol;1.0eq.)於15mL無水四氫呋喃中之懸浮液中逐份添加0.075g氫化鈉(2.98mmol;1.2eq)。在0-5℃下攪拌10分鐘之後,用0.54ml 2-(三甲基矽烷基)乙氧基甲基氯(2.91mmol;1,17eq)處理所得澄清溶液。在0-5℃下攪拌反應溶液0.5小時,隨後用30ml乙酸乙酯稀釋。用水(20mL)及鹽水(20mL)洗滌溶液,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且濃縮至乾。在二異丙基醚(10ml)中濕磨油性殘餘物,且在減壓下移除溶劑,得到0.78g呈灰白色固體狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):332.4[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:8.01(m,2H),7.65-7.53(m,2H),7.13(s,2H),6.22(s,2H),3.72(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),0.96(t,J=8.0H,2H),0.01(s,9H)。
在室溫下向攪拌之1.42g N-Z-甘胺酸(CAS 1138-80-3)(6.65mmol;2.9eq)於4ml二氯甲烷中之懸浮液中逐滴添加1.23ml 1-氯-N,N-2-三甲基-1-丙烯胺(9.17mmol;4eq)。所得澄清溶液攪拌1小時,隨後濃縮至乾,得到呈無色油狀之相應酸氯化物。在密封管中,用0.29g氫化鈉(11.5mmol;5eq)逐份處理冷卻至0-5℃、經攪拌的0.8g 4-[1-(2-三甲基矽烷基-乙氧基甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]-呋呫-3-基胺(2.29mmol;1.0eq)於10ml四氫呋喃中之溶液,隨後用新鮮製備的酸氯化物於5ml四氫呋喃中之溶液處理。添加結束時,移除冰浴且蓋緊。將溶液加熱至70℃且在此溫度下攪拌21小時。將反應混合物冷卻室溫,接著用40ml乙酸乙酯稀釋。小心地添加水(30ml)且分離兩層。有機相用鹽水(2×20mL)洗滌,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮至乾,得到粗產物。藉由矽膠管柱層析法(溶離劑:乙酸乙酯/環己烷=5/95至55/45)純化粗產物,得到0.57g呈白色固體狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):523.4[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:11.76(s,1H),8.29(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.53-7.29(m,5H),6.08(s,2H),5.08(s,2H),4.02(J=5.6Hz,2H),3.59(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),0.84(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),0.01(s,9H)。
在室溫下將0.55g({4-[1-(2-三甲基矽烷基-乙氧基甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]-呋呫-3-基胺甲醯基}-甲基)-胺基甲酸苄酯(1.00mmol;1eq)逐份添加至2.75ml三氟乙酸(35.3mmol;35eq)中。攪拌溶液1小時,隨後在減壓下濃縮至乾。將殘餘物溶於3ml THF中。隨後,添加2ml 8%碳酸氫鈉水溶液。將所得兩相混合物加熱至50℃且劇烈攪拌1.5小時。隨後,用10ml乙酸乙酯及5ml水稀釋混合物且分離有機層,用鹽水(5ml)洗滌,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並在減壓下濃縮至乾,得到0.4g呈白色固體狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):393.3[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:11.65(s,1H),8.26(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.38-7.30(m,7H),5.10(s,2H),4.04(d,J=6.0Hz,2H)。
在室溫下向攪拌之0.4g{[4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-呋呫-3-基胺甲醯基]-甲基}-胺基甲酸苄酯(0.97mmol,1eq)於6mL N,N'-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液中添加0.2g碳酸鉀(1.4mmol;1.45eq),隨後添加0.41g[4-(2-溴-乙醯基)-苯基]-胺基甲酸苄酯(CAS 157014-41-0)(1.16mmol;1.2eq)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2小時,隨後用20ml乙酸乙酯稀釋。用水(2×10mL)及鹽水(2×10mL)洗滌溶液,經硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮至乾。隨後將殘餘物溶於熱乙酸乙酯(2ml)中,且將溶液置放於冰浴中。0.5小時之後,過濾所得懸浮液且用冷乙酸乙酯(1ml)洗滌固體,得到0.2g呈白色粉末狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):660.5[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:11.80(s,1H),10.35(s,1H),8.34(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.80(m,2H),7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.50-7.32(m,12H),6.38(s,2H),5.23(s,2H),5.12(s,2H),4.06(d,J=4.6Hz,2H)。
在室溫下、於氫氣氛圍下將含有0.2g[4-(2-{2-[4-(2-苄氧羰基胺基-乙醯基胺基)-呋呫-3-基]-苯并咪唑-1-基}-乙醯基)-苯基]-胺基甲酸苄酯(0.29mmol;1eq)之2mL四氫呋喃及含有0.19mL 4M HCl之1,4-二噁烷(0.86mmol;3eq)溶液之2mL甲醇及0.046g 10% Pd/C(0.04mmol;0.14eq)的混合物攪拌7小時。隨後過濾混合物且在減壓下濃縮濾液。將殘餘物懸浮於2ml二氯甲烷/二異丙基醚(1/1,v/v)之混合物中,且過濾該懸浮液。用2ml二異丙基醚洗滌固體且在減壓下乾燥,得到粗產物。藉由MCI凝膠管柱層析法(溶離劑:水/乙腈=75/25至65/35,含有0.1% HCl)純化固體,得到0.02g呈淡棕色粉末狀之所要產物。
MS(ESI+):392.3[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:11.29(s,1H),8.46(br.s.,3H),7.95-7.83(m,4H),7.41(m,2H),6.98(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.22(s,2H),4.23(m,2H)。
在-10℃下將0.05ml N,N-二異丙基乙胺於1ml N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液緩慢添加至116mg(0.3mmol)3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈及459mg(0.3mmol)磷醯氯於3mL N,N-二甲基甲醯胺中之溶液中。添加之後,使混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌三天。隨後,添加飽和氯化銨水溶液,且用二氯甲烷萃取反應混合物。在二氯甲烷相中形成沈澱物。藉由過濾收集此沈澱物,用水及二氯甲烷洗滌,且在減壓下乾燥。將殘餘物溶於乙腈中,且在0℃下將該溶液添加至2N氫氧化鈉之水溶液中。所得pH值大於11。在室溫下攪拌混合物1小時。藉由過濾收集所形成之沈澱物,用水及乙腈洗滌,且在減壓下乾燥,得到89mg所要產物。
MS(ESI+):443.2[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:8.00-7.97(m,3H),7.91-7.83(m,2H),7.49-7.38(m,3H),7.11(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.32(s,2H),3.69(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.09(s,3H),2.99(s,3H),2.95(t,J=6.5Hz,2H)。
在冰/乙醇浴冷卻下將50μL(0.75mmol)氯磺酸逐滴添加至603μL(7.5mmol)吡啶中。在攪拌混合物1小時之後,添加溶於少量吡啶中之116mg(0.3mmol)3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈,且在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。添加1N氫氧化鈉水溶液直至達到pH 10。隨後,在減壓下濃縮混合物。用水處理殘餘物且及藉由離心獲得固體產物(143mg),隨後用水洗滌且在減壓下乾燥。
MS(ESI+):468.1[M+H]。
1 H-NMR(DMSO-d6)ppm:8.89(s,1H),7.90-7.81(m,4H),7.49-7.37(m,3H),7.15(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.25(s,2H),3.69(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.95(t,J=6.5Hz,2H)。
將作為20mM或10mM於100% DMSO中之儲備溶液提供
的化合物在水性緩衝液中以1:40分別稀釋至0.5mM或0.25mM,其中殘餘DMSO為2.5%。pH 6.5之緩衝液由0.05M 3-(N-嗎啉基)-2-羥基丙烷磺酸(MOPSO)組成,經NaOH調節至目標pH值。自市售濃縮物(Titrisol®,Merck)製備pH 5及pH 3之緩衝液。隨後在平緩震盪下將樣品在室溫下培育6小時,接著經由MultiScreen DV板(Durapore親水性PVDF膜,0.65μm孔徑,Millipore)真空過濾。將濾液調節至20%乙腈且藉由紫外光譜分析,獲得最大吸收及相應波長。以使用各樣品在補充有20%乙腈之水性緩衝液中的3至5個已知濃度建構之標準曲線的線性部分為基礎計算濾液中化合物之濃度。
所有胺基酸來源之前藥相較於母體藥物顯示改良之水溶性。所有前藥在pH 3時皆獲得最高溶解度。在pH 5及pH 6.5時,離胺酸前藥顯示最高溶解度。
向雄性NMRI小鼠靜脈內投藥之後,使用隱靜脈(Vena saphena)篩選法評估活體內化合物。
以靜脈內快速注射(5ml/kg)投與1mg/kg劑量之化合物。在給藥前、靜脈內投藥之後5分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、1小時、2小時、4小時、6小時、8小時及24小時之每個時間點,在穿刺兩個小鼠之隱靜脈之後抽取一系列血液樣品(40μL),且收集於經肝素鈉塗佈之毛細管中。
將血液樣品稱重且在由乙腈/水(80:20)及內標組成之300μL終止溶液中淬滅血液。
使用LC-MS/MS分析法測定化合物(前藥)及其母體藥物之血液濃度,其中定量極限為4至40ng/mL。
計算曲線下面積(AUC)
使用BLQ(低於定量極限)(必要時值為0)計算算術平均血漿/血液濃度。
在研究中,用本發明之前藥靜脈內處理小鼠,隨後測定藥物之血液濃度。為了比較,亦測試基於其他天然胺基酸
的類似醯胺前藥。
AUC值為動物中藥物總暴露量之度量。
已發現離胺酸、甘胺酸及丙胺酸來源之前藥得到的母體藥物AUC值比基於化學上最密切相關之天然胺基酸之可比性前藥高至少50%。投與本發明之前藥之後,母體藥物暴露量之顯著增幅相當令人吃驚且出乎意料。
將人類結腸癌SW480細胞株植入CD-1 Nu/Nu雌性小鼠內,當腫瘤大小達到約150mm3 +/- 10%時,用「母體藥物」(亦即3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈),或「實例1」(亦即S-2,6-二胺基-己酸[4-(2-{2-[4-(2-氰基-乙基胺基)-呋呫-3-
基]-苯并咪唑-1-基}-乙醯基)-苯基]-醯胺鹽酸鹽)處理該等小鼠。小鼠(每種化合物33隻)用10mg/kg「母體藥物」(媒劑:含有NMP 6.7%、Solutol HS15 10%、Kolidon12 8.3%之去礦物質水)或24.5mg/kg「實例1」(媒劑:乙酸鈉之生理食鹽水溶液,達成pH 5之足夠量)每週一次靜脈內處理,歷時2週。由於少數動物體重減輕>10%,因此施用量亦隨之減少至4mL/kg,造成下一週劑量為8mg/kg「母體藥物」及19.6mg/kg「實例1」。
第4次施用之後(第4週),在投藥前及投藥之後5分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、1小時、1.5小時、2小時、4小時、6小時及24小時,自「母體藥物」及「實例1」組挑選三個小鼠/取樣點。藉由心臟穿刺將血液收集於K3EDTA管中,保持於冰上,直至在4℃下離心。將血漿儲存於-20℃下。在屍體解剖時,移除腫瘤並稱重。將腫瘤儲存於-20℃下。藉由LC-MS/MS分析血漿及腫瘤樣品。使用WinNonLin 5.2計算藥物動力學參數。「實例1」之所有結果皆表示游離鹼。
呈原樣或呈「實例1」之形式投與的「母體藥物」之腫瘤分佈得以證實。腫瘤濃度已在投藥後5分鐘時之第一取樣時間偵測。腫瘤/血漿比約為1。因為腫瘤中之濃度與血漿中之濃度平行,因此腫瘤中不存在積聚。然而,在投與「實例1」之後,腫瘤中「母體藥物」及「實例1」之暴露時間幾乎為投與該藥物後之暴露時間(T1/2為5.4小時)的兩
倍長(半衰期T1/2為8.3及9.6小時)。
向異種移植小鼠靜脈內投與8mg/kg「母體藥物」之後,血漿及腫瘤組織中之「母體藥物」之藥物動力學參數
向異種移植小鼠靜脈內投與19.6mg/kg「實例1」之後,血漿及腫瘤組織中之「母體藥物」之藥物動力學參數
向異種移植小鼠靜脈內投與19.6mg/kg「實例1」之後,血漿及腫瘤組織中之「實例1」之藥物動力學參數
使用含有SW480結腸直腸癌異種移植物之小鼠測試並比較靜脈內(i.v.)施用最大耐受劑量(MTD)之實例1之前藥(S-2,6-二胺基-己酸[4-(2-{2-[4-(2-氰基-乙基胺基)-呋呫-3-基]-苯并咪唑-1-基}-乙醯基)-苯基]-醯胺鹽酸鹽)及相應「母體藥物」(3-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基胺基)-丙腈)的抗癌症功效及耐受性。功效實驗之前,對每週一次投與各種化合物的同品系不含腫瘤裸小鼠進行MTD測定。以每週一次靜脈內快
速注射投與24.5mg/kg前藥及10mg/kg母體藥物,在兩組中皆造成少數動物體重減輕>10%。因此含腫瘤小鼠的MTD經測定降低15-20%,造成前藥劑量為21mg/kg及母體藥物劑量為8mg/kg。將人類結腸直腸癌細胞(SW480)經皮下方式注射(4×106個細胞)至4至8週齡無胸腺裸小鼠背部內。根據式(L×l2)/2、利用卡尺量測之腫瘤長度(L)及寬度(l)來測定腫瘤體積。處理開始之前,允許腫瘤體積擴展至200mm3(±10%)。靜脈內投與前藥及母體藥物,歷時24天,分別為21mg/kg及8mg/kg,每週一次,或分別為7.1mg/kg及2.7mg/kg投與,每週三次(d1/4/7)(兩種時程表示相同之總週劑量)。每日監測腫瘤體積及體重。
使用每週一次時程(參看圖1),前藥在第24天引起34%之最終T/C(處理組與對照組之腫瘤體積比)(p<0.001,相較於對照組),相比之下,母體藥物為45%(p<0.001,相較於對照組)。使用每週三次時程(參看圖2),前藥引起26%之最終T/C(第24天)(p<0.001,相較於對照組),相比之下,母體藥物為54%(p=0.002,相較於對照組)。在所有處理組中,觀測到之體重改變較小。然而,母體藥物組中(每週處理三次)一個動物在第10天死亡。
在小鼠異種移植癌症模型中,每週三次投與前藥提供之功效比相應投與母體藥物顯著較佳(p<0.05)。
圖1提供使用投藥時程處理期間平均腫瘤體積變化的圖示,該時程中前藥及母體藥物分別以21mg/kg及8mg/kg之劑量每週給予一次,歷時24天,其中適當媒劑對照物(5
ml/kg)係使用相同時程投與。數據點表示平均值+/-SEM(n=7-8個動物,每個動物移植有一個腫瘤)。
圖2提供使用投藥時程處理期間平均腫瘤體積變化的圖示,該時程中前藥及母體藥物分別以7.1mg/kg及2.7mg/kg之劑量、以5ml/kg每週給予三次,歷時24天,其中適當媒劑對照物(5ml/kg)係使用相同時程投與。數據點亦表示平均值+/-SEM(n=7-8個動物,每個動物移植有一個腫瘤)。
在37℃下在495μL新鮮肝素化大鼠血液中外加5μL 1mg/mL分析物(前藥)之DMSO溶液。在t=0、5、15、30、60及120分鐘之後,採集血液樣品並沈澱。因此,向50μL血液樣品或加料之血液樣品中添加150μL含有內標之乙腈。將樣品離心且將20μL上清液注入HPLC系統中,藉由LC-MS/MS分析來測定化合物濃度(前藥及母體藥物)。
為了校準,用新鮮肝素化大鼠血液中10至10000ng/mL的化合物濃度範圍製備標準曲線。因此,與未知樣品一樣,向該血液加料(198μL含有2μL DMSO溶液之新鮮大鼠血液)並沈澱。
在大鼠血液中,本發明之前藥2-胺基-N-(4-{2-[2-(4-胺基-呋呫-3-基)-苯并咪唑-1-基]-乙醯基}-苯基)-乙醯胺在
120分鐘之後完全轉化為其母體藥物2-[2-(4-胺基-呋呫-3-基)-苯并咪唑-1-基]-1-(4-胺基-苯基)-乙酮,而該前藥之區位異構物2-胺基-N-(4-{1-[2-(4-胺基-苯基)-2-側氧基-乙基]-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基}-呋呫-3-基)-乙醯胺(實例13)之轉化率顯著較低(120分鐘之後約為74%)。
圖1顯示在每週一次靜脈內施用之後,在SW480結腸直腸癌異種移植物中,實例1之離胺酸前藥與相應母體藥物之抗腫瘤活性的比較。
圖2顯示在每週三次靜脈內施用之後,在SW480結腸直腸癌異種移植物中,該等化合物之抗腫瘤活性的比較。
Claims (23)
- 一種式(II)化合物,
- 如請求項1之式(II)化合物,其不為鹽。
- 如請求項1或2之式(II)化合物,其中
- 如請求項1或2之式(II)化合物,其中R1表示氫或氰基-C1-C7烷基。
- 如請求項1或2之式(II)化合物,其係選自下式化合物
- 如請求項1或2之式(II)化合物,其中R1為氰基乙基。
- 如請求項1或2之式(II)化合物,其選自下式之化合物
- 如請求項2之式(II)化合物,其具有下式
- 如請求項1之式(II)化合物,其為下式化合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽
- 如請求項9之式(II)化合物,其為鹽酸鹽。
- 一種製備如請求項1至10中任一項之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的方法,其包含以下步驟:(1)式(I-II)化合物
- 一種製造如請求項1至10中任一項之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之方法:包含以下步驟: (a)使下式之化合物
- 如請求項12之方法,其中「胺基酸」表示離胺酸。
- 如請求項12之方法,其用於製造如請求項1至10中任一項之化合物。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其用作藥物。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其用作供治療贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病之藥物。
- 如請求項16之化合物,其用於治療實體贅生性疾病。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至10中任一項之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之惰性載劑。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其為水溶液。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其可溶於水性載劑中。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其適用作非經腸投藥之組合物。
- 一種如請求項1至10中任一項之式(II)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,其係用於製備供治療贅生性疾病、自體免疫疾病、移植相關病變及/或退化疾病的醫藥組合物。
- 如請求項22之用途,其係用於製備供治療實體贅生性疾病的醫藥組合物。
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PL2666016T3 (pl) | 2011-01-21 | 2017-07-31 | Basilea Pharmaceutica Ag | Zastosowanie BUBR1 jako biomarkera odpowiedzi lekowej |
JP6302674B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-21 | 2018-03-28 | バジリア ファルマスーチカ アーゲーBasilea Pharmaceutica AG | フラザノベンゾイミダゾールに対する薬物応答のバイオマーカーとしてのスタスミンの使用 |
PL2666014T3 (pl) | 2011-01-21 | 2017-07-31 | Basilea Pharmaceutica Ag | Zastosowanie glu-tubuliny jako biomarkera odpowiedzi na furazanobenzoimidazole |
CA2824497A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Basilea Pharmaceutica Ag | Use of acetylated tubulin as a biomarker of drug response to furazanobenzimidazoles |
AU2012234297B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2016-03-03 | Basilea Pharmaceutica Ag | Use of phospho-Akt as a biomarker of drug response |
US9558575B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2017-01-31 | Blackberry Limited | Methods and devices for selecting objects in images |
ITRM20130248A1 (it) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-25 | Medivis S R L | Formulazioni di riboflavina per il cross-linking transepiteliale. |
WO2015173341A1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | Basilea Pharmaceutica Ag | Dosage principle for anti-cancer furazanylbenzimidazoles |
AU2016341399B2 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2022-11-24 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Use of EB1 as a biomarker of drug response |
TW201838965A (zh) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-01 | 印度商Pi工業公司 | 新穎的苯胺化合物 |
CA3058695A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Processes for the preparation of furazanobenzimidazoles and crystalline forms thereof |
EP3624790A1 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2020-03-25 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Novel dosage principle for drugs useful for treating neoplastic diseases |
EP3713565A1 (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2020-09-30 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Pharmaceutical combinations for use in the treatment of neoplastic diseases |
WO2020058405A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Pharmaceutical combinations for use in the treatment of neoplastic diseases |
US20220370418A1 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2022-11-24 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Pharmaceutical combinations comprising a furazanobenzimidazoles and a cd40 agonist for use in the treatment of neoplastic diseases |
CN111454254B (zh) | 2020-04-26 | 2023-06-02 | 云白药征武科技(上海)有限公司 | 一种具有含氟取代基的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备及其应用 |
CN111423429A (zh) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-07-17 | 江西科技师范大学 | 苯并咪唑联呋咱类系列化合物及其合成方法 |
WO2022053549A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-17 | Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG | Use of c-myc as a biomarker of drug response |
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