TWI330828B - Method,computer-readable medium and apparatus of signal processing - Google Patents
Method,computer-readable medium and apparatus of signal processing Download PDFInfo
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Description
1330828 九、發明說明: ' 相關申請案 • 本申請案主張2005年4月1曰提出申請且名稱為「對寬頻 帶話音中高頻帶之編碼(CODING THE HIGH-FREQUENCY . BAND OF WIDEBAND SPEECH)」之第 60/667,901 號美國臨 時專利申請案之權利。本申請案亦主張2005年4月22日提 出申請且名稱為「高頻帶話音編碼器中之參數編碼 (PARAMETER CODING IN A HIGH-BAND SPEECH CODER)」 • 之第60/673,965號美國臨時專利申請案之權利。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於信號處理。 【先前技術】 傳統上,藉由公共交換電話網路(PSTN)進行之語音通信 之頻寬已被限制至300-3400 kHz頻率範圍内。新的語音通 信網路,例如行動電話及網際網路語音通信(V〇IP),可能 不具有相同之頻寬限制,且可能希望藉由此等網路傳輸及 ^ 接收包含一寬頻帶頻率範圍之語音通信。舉例而言,可能 希望支援一向下延伸至50 Hz及/或向上延伸至7或8 kHz之 音頻範圍。亦可能希望支援其他應用,例如高品質聲頻或 聲頻/視頻會議一其可能在處於傳統PSTN限值以外之範圍 内具有話音内容。 話音編碼器將話音信號之頻譜包絡作為附帶資訊發送至 解碼器’例如以線頻譜頻率(LSF)之形式。為達成有效傳 輸,將該等LSF量化》 110138.doc ^30828 【發明内容】 根據本發明-實施例的一種 第一邙妲》暫 在包括對一話音信號的一 二向量,盆"第一…碼,以產生對應之第-及第 ,、"第向莖表示該話音 間的-頻譜包絡且該第二#訊框期 框期門的相沒―& . 不5^話音k號在該第二訊 化J間的頻譜包絡。該方法包 οί1 向吾县vu. .將一基於該第一向量之 量量化,將一基於該第一向 加至竽第_ h θ 1的一經換算量化誤差的值 至該第一向1,以得到一向量和 【實施方式】 ,及將該向#和量化。 由於在估計頻譜包絡與量化二 fez r® 3» , 固有之不精確性,在 解碼盗中所重構之頻譜包絡會 隹 成討厭之「顫……出過大之波動,此會形 级白故奋把 見頻帶話音編碼使用對頻 "曰匕絡參數之時域雜訊整形量化。 ^LSF^ . ,、特徵包括對例如高頻 帶叫係數表示形式實施W或自適應性平滑。 除由其上下文明確作出限定 用私本何辭计异」在本文中 用於表不其通常含意中之 裡3忍,例如計算、產生、 自一值列表中進行選擇。备太士 Μ。A 中使用〜 明書和申請專利範圍 匕括J —詞時,其並不排除其他元件或作業。 之!::係關於—將-窄頻帶信號與-高頻帶信號相組合 之良頻帶話音編碼器。 編碼器可根據U波器模型來構建,該源-遽波 α 、1將輸入話音化號編碼成一組描述一濾波器之參數。 舉例而言,一話音信號之頻譜包絡係由若干個峰值來表 徵’該等峰值表示聲道之共振且稱作共振峰。大多數話音 110138.doc 1330828 編碼器係將至少該粗略頻譜結構編碼成一組參數,例如濾 波器係數。 在解碼器處,根據所接收到之濾波器係數來組態一合成 濾波器。該濾波器通常係由一激勵信號驅動以產生對輸入 話號之合成再現。該激勵信號可係由編碼器所發送之 殘餘信號之量化表示形式、及/或可係一隨機雜訊信號。在
某些寬頻帶編碼器中,係自一低頻帶激勵信號導出該高頻 帶激勵信號。
該分析模組可構建為一線性預測編碼(LPC)分析模組,其 將話音信號之頻譜包絡編碼成一組線性預測(LP)係數(例如 一全極濾波器1/A(z)之係數)❶該分析模組通常將輸入信號 作為一系列非交疊訊框來處理,其中對每一訊框計算新的 一組係數。訊框週期通常係一其中預計該信號可局部地靜 止不變的週期,一個常見之實例係20毫秒(在取樣速率為8 kHz時等價於16〇個樣本)。一低頻帶Lpc分析模組之一實例 組態成計算一組十個LP濾波器係數來表徵低頻帶話音信號 S20中每一 2G毫秒訊柩之共振峰結構,且—高頻帶LPC分析 模組之-實例組態成計算-組六個(或者八個)㈣波器係 數來表徵高頻帶話音信號S3Q中每—2G毫秒訊框之共振峰 結構。在某些實施例中,可使用相交疊之訊框。 該分析模組可組態成直接分析每_訊框之各樣本,或者 =首先根據-開窗函數(例如Ha_ing函數)對該等樣本加 核。、亦可在-長於該訊框之窗口 (例如一 3〇毫秒之窗口)内執 心析。該窗口既可對稱(例如5_2〇_5,以使其在緊接㈣ 110138.doc 1330828 毫秒訊框之前及之後均包含5毫秒),亦可不對稱㈠列如 (10-20,以使其包含前一訊框的最後1〇毫秒)。通常將 刀析模組組態成使用一 Levins〇n_Durbin遞推或 Leroux-Gueguen演算法來計算Lp濾波器係數。在另一實施 方案中’該分析模組可組態成為每—訊框計算-組eepstral 係數而非一組LP濾波器係數。 藉由將該等缝器參數量化,可使話音編碼器之輸出速
率顯著降低’㈣再現品質㈣幾乎毫無影響。線性預測 滤波器係數難以有效地量化且通常由話音編碼器映射成另 一種表示形式,例如線頻譜對(Lsp)或線頻譜頻率(lsf), 以用於量化及/或熵編碼。Lp濾波器係數之其他一對一表示 形式包括pa,係數、對數面積比率值、導抗頻譜對(isp)、 及導抗頻-曰頻率(ISF)-其用於GSM(全球行動通信系 統)AMR-WB(自適應性多速率寬頻帶)編碼解碼器中。通 常,-組LP滤波器係數與對應的—組咖之間的變換係可
逆的’但各實施例亦包括其中該變換不會無錯誤地可逆的 編碼器Al2〇之實施方案。 話音編碼ϋ通常組態成將該組窄頻帶叫或其他係數表 示形式)量化並輸出該量化之結果作為遽波器參數。通常使 用-向量量化器來實施量化,該向量量化器將輸入向量編 瑪成-表或碼薄中一對應向量表項之索引。此一量化器亦 可組態成實施經分類向量量化。舉例而言,此一量化器可 組態成根據已在(例如窄頻帶通道及/或高頻带通道中的)同 -訊框内得到編碼之資訊來選擇—組碼薄中的—個。此種 110138.doc 1330828 &術通常提供提高之編碼效率,代價係需要另外之碼簿储 存器。 LSF之量化會引入隨機誤差。通常,隨機誤差在各訊框間 • 相互獨立,因而最終使彼等LSF更不平滑且聽起來不悅耳。 •. 與未經量化之LSF向量相比,對LSF向量之獨立量化通常 • · 增大在各訊框間的頻譜波動量,且該等頻譜波動聽起來不 自然。 φ Knageljhelm& Kleijn曾提出一種複雜之解決方案,其中 在解碼器中實施對經解量化LSF參數之平滑。此會減小頻譜 波動’但代價係額外延遲。纟中請案則閣述了在編竭器側 使用時域雜訊整形之方法,使得降低頻譜波動且無額外延 遲。 通*在畺化器中,係將輸入信號映射成一組離散輸出位 準。此導致一梯階狀的信號。當至量化器之輸入逐漸增大 時,輸出將驟然階躍至另一位準(子空間)並隨後保持恆定。 • 可得到一有限數量之位準,且吾人僅須指示出解碼器正在 使用該等位準中之哪一位準。若輸入信號係一非常平滑之 信號,有時可能會碰到經量化之輸出甚不平滑(按照一最小 步長)。即使輸入非常平滑,輸出亦會突然間驟然變換’並 可旎變得極不平滑。可能期望降低對LSF(或欲量化的頻譜 包絡之其他表示形式)的此種影響。 此處,吾人係彷佛其在對純量進行一般對其加以解釋, 然而該量化器亦可同樣好地為一向量量化器,乃因通常係 使用向量量化器來量化LSF。 110138.doc 1330828 結果會在話音信號變化時使頻譜失真最小 信號在各訊框之間相對^時使㈣波動最小化 該方法會減小頻譜包絡在各 ^ 在各訊框之間的波動。自適應性 換算因數(即當頻譜包絡中存扁 r仔在大的變化時換算因數變小) 用於使頻譜包絡中之時間變遷最低限度地受到經修改量化 過程之影響。 在一實例中4之值係固定的。在另一實例中,實施自適 應性平滑,以使平滑程度—平滑德波器之強度—相依於該 等輸入LSF所已具有的平滑度。#LSF從—個訊框進行至下 一訊框時未變化很大時,則吾人將比LSF中存在非常突然之 驟變之情況實施更多之平滑,此可意味著在頻譜包絡中存 在-驟然變化》在該種情形中,吾人或者使平滑小得多(例 如使用一更低之6值),或者將平滑完全關閉。 可使用各向量之間不同距離中之任一距離來確定lsf之 間的變化。通常使用Euclidean範數,但其他亦可使用之量 包括Manhattan距離(1-範數)、chebyshe v距離(無窮大範 數)、Mahalanobis距離、Hamming距離。可使办之值正比於 各連續LSF之間的距離。 對LSF之時域雜訊整形量化使在合成濾波器中所最終使 用之LSF更為平滑。 在一實例中’檢查量化誤差一即經量化信號與未經量化 信號之間的差異,並隨後在延遲一個訊框後回饋該信號並 在此種情形中將其加至未經量化之LSF輸入中。在將其加回 之前,亦以一增益值來按比例縮小該量化誤差。最好可使 110138.doc -11 · 1330828 用一遞歸函數來計算回饋量。 比如該增益b = 0.5。量化誤差係量化位準減去原始位準。 在一個樣本之後,或者在一個訊框之後,將該值(經過某一 換算)加至未經量化之位準。在此種情形中,此將使信號升 . 向些許,且此將使下一信號更有可能亦將處於量化臨限值 • 之另一侧上,且由此將使量化位準升高至一更類似於上一 準之位準。可旎下一位準將低至即使藉由回饋亦只能將 • 其置於變低之位準。然後,可能接下來的幾個高至使一經 不同里化之位準亦得到升高,由此將在一列中得到數個相 等位準’此要比波動的位準平滑得多。 在雜訊整形量化中,量化器之絕對平方誤差可能會增 大,因而若僅每次查看一個訊框,則會使量化誤差變大, ^人了使I化誤差在頻譜中來回移動。此處,可使量化 誤差移至變低之頻率’從而意味著量化誤差將變平滑—此 亦係輸入信號之狀態,且由於輸出信號係輸入信號加上量 • 化誤差,因而若該兩者皆平滑,則輸出將亦變得平滑。基 本上,若按此種方式實施,雜訊整形量化可使經量化之信 號較不使用雜訊整形量化時更為平滑。 由於平均而言,經量化信號與未經量化信號之間的差異 將為零,因而誤差並不累積。此外,若增益值小於丨,則即 使其累積,其亦不會爆發,其將有可能變至一飽和位準。 因而’其係一種穩定的系統’儘管存在某種回饋。 一種寬頻話音編碼方法涉及到將一窄頻帶話音編碼技術 (例如一種組態成對0-4 kHz範圍實施編碼之技術)按比例縮 H0l38.doc •12· 1330828 • 放成覆蓋寬頻帶頻譜。舉例而言,可按更高之速率對話音 信號取樣以包含高頻分量,且可將一窄頻帶編碼技術重新 組態成使用更多濾波器係數來代表該寬頻帶信號。圖1&顯 : 不—其中將一寬頻帶話音編碼器A100設置成對經處理之寬 • 頻帶話音信號S10a實施編碼以產生經編碼寬頻帶話音信號 . Sl 之實例之方塊圖。 ,然而,例如CELP(碼薄激勵之線性預測)等窄頻帶編碼技 • 術在計算上頗為繁瑣,且寬頻帶CELP編碼器可能會消耗過 f之處理循環以致於對許多行動應用及其他礙人式應用而 呂不切實際。使用此種技術將一寬頻帶信號之整個頻譜編 碼至一所期望品質亦可能會造成大到令人無法接受之頻寬 增大量。此外,甚至在可將此種經編碼信號之窄頻帶部分 傳^入-僅支援窄頻帶編碼之系統内及/或由該系統解碼 之前,就需要對此種經編碼信號實施轉換碼㈣。 圖lb顯示一各別地包括單獨之低頻帶話音編媽器幻2〇及高 • 帛帶話音編碼器A200的寬頻帶話音編碼器Αι〇2之方塊圖。 可能期望將寬頻帶話音編碼構建成無需轉換碼或其他明 顯修改即可藉由窄頻通道(例如PSTN通道)發送經編碼信號 之至少窄頻部分。亦可能期望寬頻帶編碼擴展具有高的效 率,舉例而言,以避免在例如無線行動電話及藉由有線及 無線通道實施廣播等應用中可得到服務之使用者數量明顯 種見頻帶話音編碼方法涉及到自經編碼窄頻帶頻譜包 絡外推高頻帶頻譜包έ各彳走 两a ι、.谷儘管此種方法的實施可能不存在 110138.doc •13- D頻寬的增大且無需轉換碼’然而通常卻無法根據窄頻 帶4刀之頻譜包絡精確地預測話音信號高頻帶部分之粗略 頻譜包絡或共振峰結構。 寬頻帶話音編碼器A i 〇 〇之一特定實例經組態以按一約 8.55 kbps(千位几/秒)之速率對寬頻帶話音信號“ο實施編 咢/、中’’勺7.55 kbps用於低頻帶濾波器參數S4〇及低頻帶殘 餘信號S5〇、約1 kbPs用於經編碼高頻話音S60。 可能期望將經編碼低頻帶信號與高頻帶信號組合成單個 位元流。$例而t,可能期望將該等經編碼錢多工於一 起以供作為一經編碼寬頻帶話音信號進行傳輸(例如藉由 有線傳輸通道、光學傳輸通道或無線傳輸通道)或儲存。圖 lb顯示包括一多工器A130之寬頻帶話音編碼器A1 〇2之 方塊圖,該多工器A130經組態以將低頻帶濾波器參數84〇、 !編碼低頻帶激勵佗號S5〇及高頻帶遽波器參數S6〇組合成 一多工信號S70。 可訖期望將多工器A130組態成將經編碼低頻帶信號(包 括低頻帶濾波器參數S40及低頻帶殘餘信號S5〇)以多工信 號S70中一可分離子流之形式嵌入,以使經編碼低頻帶信號 可獨立於多工信號之另一部分(例如一高頻帶信號及/或極 低頻帶彳§號)得到恢復及解碼。舉例而言,多工信號S7〇可 設置成可藉由剝離高頻帶濾波器參數S6〇來恢復經編碼低 頻帶信號。此種特徵的一個潛在優點係無需在將經編碼寬 頻帶信號傳送至一支援對低頻帶信號解碼但不支援對高頻 帶部分解碼之系統之前對該經編碼寬頻帶信號實施轉換 H0138.doc •14· 1330828 媽。 本文所述的一種包括低頻帶、高頻帶、及/或寬頻帶話音 編碼器之裝置亦可包含組態成將經編碼信號傳輸入傳輸通 道(例如有線通道、光學通道或無線通道)内之電路。此種裝 置亦可經組態以對信號執行一種或多種通道編碼作業,例 如錯誤修正編碼(例如速率相容之卷積編碼)及/或錯誤偵測 編碼(例如循環冗餘編碼)、及/或一層或多層網路協定編碼 (例如以太網、TCP/IP、cdma2000)。 可能期望將低頻帶話音編碼器A1 20或A122構建成一用 合成來分析之話音編碼解碼器。碼簿激勵線性預測(CELP) 編碼係一族流行的用合成來分析之編碼,且此等編碼器之 實施方案可對殘餘信號執行波形編碼,包括例如以下等作 業:自固定及自適應性碼薄中選擇表項、錯誤最小化作業、 及/或感覺加權作業。用合成來分析之編碼之其他實施方案 包括混合的激勵線性預測(MELP)、代數CELP(ACELP)、弛 豫CELP(RCELP)、規則脈衝激勵(RPE)、多脈衝 CELP(MPE)、及向量和激勵線性預測(VSELP)編碼。相關之 編碼方法包括多頻帶激勵(MBE)及原型波形内插(PWI)編 碼。標準化用合成來分析之話音編碼解碼器之實例包括: ETSI(歐洲電信標準協會)-GSM滿速率編碼解碼器(GSM 06.10),其使用殘餘激勵線性預測(RELP) ; GSM增強滿速 率編碼解碼器(ETSI-GSM 06.60) ; ITU(國際電信聯盟)標準 11.8 1^/8〇.729人111^乂£編碼器;用於18-136(分時多重存取 IS方案)之IS(臨時標準)-641編碼解碼器;GSM自適應性多 110138.doc -15- 1330828 速率(GSM-AMR)編碼解碼器;及4GVTM(第四代音碼器ΤΜ) 編碼解碼器(QUALCOMM公司,San Diego,CA)。現有之 RCELP編碼器實施方案包括如在電信行業協會(tia) IS-127及第三代夥伴工程2(Third Genemi〇n Project 2,3GPP2)可選模式聲碼器(SelectaMe Vocoder ’ SMV)中所述之增強之可變速率編碼解碼器 (Enhanced Variable Rate Codec,EVRC)。本文所述之各種 窄頻帶、高頻帶、及寬頻帶編碼器可根據該等技術中之任 種或任何其他將話音信號表示為如下之話音編碼技術 (已知的 <即將開發的)來構建:(A) 一組描述一遽波器之參 數及(B)—用於驅動所述濾波器以再現話音信號之殘餘信 號。 如上文所述,本文所述之實施例包括多項實施方案,可 用於執行嵌入編碼、支援與窄頻帶系統之相容性且避免需 要轉換碼。對高頻帶編瑪的支援亦可用於在成本基礎上區 分支援寬頻帶且具有回湖相容性之晶片、晶片組、器件、 及/或網路與僅支援窄頻帶之晶片、晶片組、器件、及/或網 路本文所述的_南頻帶編碼之支援亦可結合用於支援低 頻帶、’扁碼之技術予以運用,且根據此一實施例之系統、方 法或裝置可支援對自例如約5〇或1〇〇 &直至約7或8他之 頻率分量之編碼。 2上文所述,對話音編碼器附加高頻帶支援可提高可理 解月b 2 &其係關於摩擦音的區分。儘管通常收聽者可根 據特A背景來達成此種區分’然而高頻帶支援可用作在話 H0138.doc • 16 · 1330828 音識別及其他機器艇缪虛, 俄器解譯應用(例如用於自動語音選單導航 及/或自動呼叫處理之系統)中的一啟用特徵。 -種根據-實施例之裝置可喪入於一可攜式無線通信器 件中’例如行動電話或個人數位助理(pda)中。另一選擇 為,此種裝置可包含於另一無線通信器件中,例如包含於 v〇ip手機支援VGlPit信之個人電腦、或者經組 態以投送電話或ν〇ΙΡ通信之網路器件中。舉例而言,一種
根據-實施例之裝置可構建於通信器件之晶片或晶片組 中。視具體應用而定,此錄哭^__r . 叩疋此種态件亦可包含例如以下等特徵·· 話音信號之類比·數位及/或數位·類比轉換、詩對話音作 號執打放大及/或其他信號處理作業之電路、及/或用於傳輸 及/或接收經編碼話音信號之射頻電路。
本發明明轉地設想出及揭示:各實施例可包含及/或與在 本申請案主張其_之第6G/667,9Gm及第嶋73 965號美 國臨時專利申請案中所揭示之其他特徵中之任—種或多種 一起使用。此等特徵包括使高頻帶信號S30及/或高頻帶激 勵信號Sl20根據-規則化來移位,或對窄頻帶激勵信號_ 或窄頻帶殘餘信號S5G進行其他移位。此等特徵包括對愈例 如LSF等係數表示形式的量化相關聯之雜訊的^或 應性定形。此等特徵亦包括對增益包絡的固定或自適應性 平滑、及對增益包絡的自適應性衰減。 提供對所述實施例的上述說明旨在使任何熟習此項 者皆能夠製作或利用本發明。該等實施例亦可具有各種停 改形式,且本文所提供之—般原理亦可應用於其他實^ 110138.doc 例。舉例而言,一實施例部分地或整個地構建成 接線電路、一製作成應用專用積體電路之電路組態、或者 載入於非揮發性儲存器内之韌體程式或者—1 讀碼自-資料儲存媒體載人或載人至該資料儲存媒體= 軟體程式,該碼係可邏輯元件陣列(例如微處理器或其 他數位信聽理單元)執行之指令。該㈣料媒討係2 儲存元件陣列,例如半導體記憶體(其可包括但不限於動離 或靜態RAM(隨機存取記憶體)、R〇M(唯讀記憶體)、及/ = 快閃RAM)、或者鐵電性記憶體、磁阻性記憶體、雙向性記 憶體、聚合物記憶體、或相變記憶體;或者係例如磁碟或 :碟等碟媒體。術語「軟體」應理解為包括源碼、組合語 言碼、機器碼、二進製碼、勒體、巨集碼、微碼、可由一 邏輯元件陣列執行的任一個或多個指令集合或序列、及此 等貫例之任一組合。 高頻帶話音編碼器A200、寬頻帶話音編碼器八1〇〇、A· 及A104、及包含-個或多個此種裝置之結構之實施方案中 之各種元件可構建成例如駐存於同m或—晶片組中 兩個或更多個W上之電子器件及/或光學器件,儘管本發 明亦涵蓋其他結構而不限定力此。&一裝置之一個或多個 元件可整個或部分地構建成一個或多個指令集合,該一個 或多個指令集合設置成在一個或多個例如以下等固定的或 可程式化的邏輯元件⑽如電晶體、閘)陣列上執行:微處理 器,喪式處理器’ π>核心,數位信號處理器,fpga(現場可 程式化閉陣列),ASSP(應用專用才票準產品),及SC(應用 110138.doc -18- 專用積體電路)。亦可你 (例如-用於在不η: 多個此等元件具有共用結構 ' 问時刻執行對應於不同元件之碼部分之 處理器,一在不 W刻執行時實施對應於不同元件之任務 之指令集合,戋告一 ^不同時刻執行不同元件之作業之電 牛及/或光予器件結構)。此外,可使一個或多個此等元 件用於執行不與該裝置之作業直接㈣之任務或其他指令 ” 例如與該裝置鼓入其中之器件或系、统的另一作業 相關之任務。 "^把例亦包括本文所明確揭示(例如藉由對組態成執 仃此等方法之結構實施例加以說明)的其他話音處理、話音 編碼及高頻帶叢發抑财法1等方法中之每—種方法亦 可按有形方式實施(舉例而言’在上文所列之一種或多種資 料儲存媒體中)為-個或多個可由一包含一邏輯元件陣列 (例如處理器、微處理器、微控制器或其他有限狀態機)之機 益讀取及/或執行之指令集合。因此,本發明並非意欲限定 為本文所示實施例,而欲賦予其與本文以任-方式所揭示 之原理及新穎特徵相一致的最寬廣範嘴。 【圖式簡單說明】 例 例 圖U係本發明可應用於的一寬頻帶話音編碼器之一實 〇 圖ib係本發明可應用於的一寬頻帶話音編碼器之另一實 之 圖2a係一對應於圖la所示编碼器之寬頻帶話音解尋厂 實例。 110138.doc • 19· 1330828
A130 多工器 A200 高頻帶編碼器 B100 寬頻帶話音解碼器 B102 寬頻帶話音解碼器 B110 窄頻帶解碼器 B112 窄頻帶解碼器 B120 濾波器組 B122 濾波器組 B200 高頻帶解碼器 DE10 延遲元件 Q10 量化器 S40 NB濾波器參數 S50 窄頻帶殘餘信號 S60 尚頻帶編碼參數 S70 多工信號 S80 NB激勵信號 S90 窄頻帶信號 S100 高頻帶信號 S110 寬頻帶話音信號 TN10 時域雜訊整形器 110 低通濾波器 120 縮減取樣器 130 高通渡波器 140 縮減取樣器 il0138.doc -21 · 1330828 150 增加取樣器 160 低通遽波器 170 增加取樣器 180 南通遽波器 210 LPC分析模組 220 LP濾波器係數至LSF變換器 230 量化器 240 逆量化器
250 LSF至LP濾波器係數變換器 260 白化濾波器 270 量化器 310 逆量化器 320 LSF至LP濾波器係數變換器 330 NB合成濾波器 340 逆量化器
110138.doc •22·
Claims (1)
1件5¾㈣修正替換頁1 1330828 第095111814號專利申請案 - 中文申請專利範圍替換本(99年5月) 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種用於信號處理之方法,該方法包括: 對一話音信號之一第一訊框及一第二訊框實施編碼, 以產生對應之第一及第二向量,其中該第一向量表示該 . 話音信號在該第一訊框期間的一頻譜包絡且該第二向量 表示該話音信號在該第二訊框期間的一頻譜包絡; 產生一第一經量化向量,該產生包含量化一基於該第 一向量之至少一部分之第三向量; • 計算該第一經量化向量之一量化誤差; 計算一第四向量,該計算包含將該量化誤差之一經換 算版本添加至該第二向量之至少一部分;及 量化該第四向量。 2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該計算一量化誤差包含計算該第 一經量化向量與該第三向量之間的一差異。 3. 如請求項1之方法,其中該計算一量化誤差包含計算該第 一經量化向量與該第一向量之至少一部分之間的一差 #異 4. 如請求項1之方法,該方法包含計算該經換算之量化誤 差,該計算包括將該量化誤差乘以一換算因數, 其中該換算因數係基於該第一向量之至少一部分與該第 二向量之一對應部分之間的一距離。 5. 如請求項4之方法,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者包 含複數個線頻譜頻率。 6. 如請求項1之方法,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者包 110138-990512.doc 1330828 ---- 月丨之日修正替換頁 含複數個線性預測濾波器係數之一表示形式。 7. 如請求項1之方法,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者包 含複數個線頻譜頻率。 8. 如請求項1之方法,其中在該話音信號中該第二訊框緊跟 在該第一訊框之後。 9. 如請求項1之方法,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者表 示一經自適應平滑之頻譜包絡。 10·如請求項1之方法,其中該方法包括: 解量化該第四向量;及 基於該經解量化之第四向量計算一激勵信號。 1 1.如請求項1之方法,其中該方法包括對一寬頻帶話音信號 進行濾、波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信號及一高頻帶話音信 號,且 其中該第一向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框 期間的一頻譜包絡,且 其中該第二向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間的一頻譜包絡。 12.如請求項1之方法,其中該方法包括對一寬頻帶話音信號 進行濾波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信號及一高頻帶話音信 號,且 其中該第一向量表示該高頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框 期間的一頻譜包絡,且 其中該第二向量表示該高頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間的一頻譜包絡。 110138-990512.doc 13·如:求項1之方法,其中該方法包括: 0對£頻帶話音信號進行遽波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信 南頻帶話音信號’其中⑷該第-向量表示該窄頻 旦 ° δΛ第—訊框期間的一頻譜包絡且(B)該第二 向篁表示該窄頻帶祛 貝▼話音化谠在該第二訊框期間的一頻詳 包絡; °曰 解量化該第四向量; 基於該經解量化之笛 $,計算該窄頻帶話音信號 ^ 教勵彳§號;及 基於該窄頻帶話音ρ ♦ ..^ D. L娩之5亥數勵信號,導出該高頻帶 活曰传旒之一激勵信號。 ▼ 14.如請求項i之方法,复 々旦枯, 、T^里化該第四向量包括對該第四 向里執行-分裂向量量化。 Μ 15_ —種資料儲存媒體,其呈 可執行指令。 田吨如請求項1之方法之機器 16 一種用於信號處理之裝置, 一七工也 丹包括: 6舌日編碼器,1瘦έ且能 、,且態以將一話音信號之一第一气 框編碼成至少一第一且將〜乐訊 成至少-第二向量,其中該/信號之-第二訊框編碼 兮筮 ^ 一向量表示該話音信號A …訊框期間的一_ “虎在 芦泸在兮坌备且遠第二向量表示該話音 L琨在及苐一訊框期間 9 θ 項譜包絡; 里化态,其經組態以量 一部分之筮-Α旦 ^ 土於邊第一向量之至少 口丨刀之第二向量,以產生〜 土夕 一货丄 弟一經量化向量; 弟加法器,其經組態以 』 °十异该第—經量化向量之 110138-990512.doc 1330828 _ 价5"月㈣修正替換頁 一量化誤差;及 一第二加法器,其經組態以將該量化誤差之一經換算 版本添加至該第二向量之至少一部分以計算一第四向 量, 其中該量化器經組態以量化該第四向量。 17.如請求項16之裝置,其中該第一加法器經組態以基於該 第一經量化向量與該第三向量之間的一差異來計算該量 化誤差。 1 8.如請求項16之裝置,其中該第一加法器經組態以基於該 第一經量化向量與該第一向量之至少一部分之間的一差 異來計算該量化誤差。 19. 如請求項16之裝置,其另包含: 一乘法器,其經組態以基於該量化誤差與一換算因數 之一乘積來計算該經換算之量化誤差,及 經組態以基於該第一向量之至少一部分與該第二向量 之一對應部分來計算該換算因數之邏輯。 20. 如請求項19之裝置,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者 包含複數個線頻譜頻率。 21. 如請求項16之裝置,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者 包含複數個線性預測濾波器係數之一表示形式。 22. 如請求項16之裝置,其中該第一及第二向量中之每一者 包含複數個線頻譜頻率。 23. 如請求項16之裝置,該裝置包括一用於無線通信之器件。 24. 如請求項1 6之裝置,該裝置包括一傳輸器件,該傳輸器 110138-990512.doc 1330828
件經組態以傳輸複數個符合一網際網路協定版本 包,其㈣複數個封包描述該第一經量化向量。 25·如請求項16之裝置,其中在該話音信號中該第二訊框緊 跟在該第一訊框之後。 * 26·如請求項16之裝置,其中該第—及第二向量中之每—者 表不—經自適應平滑之頻譜包絡。 27. 如請求項16之裝置,其中該裝置包括:
反Ϊ化器’其經組態以解量化該第四向量;及 白化濾波益,其經組態以基於該經解量化 量來計算一激勵信號。 向 28. 如請求項16之裝置,其中該裝置包括-渡波器組,其經 立〜乂尉—寬頻帶話音信號進行渡波以獲得一窄頻帶話 音信號及—高頻帶話音信號,且 ° 二中戎第一向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第—訊框 ,月間之一頻譜包絡,且 其中該筮-而旦圭- 内里表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間之〜頻譜包絡。 29·如清求項】& 姑 裝置’其中該裝置包括一濾波器組&級 組態以對一 t #册 /、、·工 立 寬頻f話音信號進行濾波以獲得一窄頻帶話 曰=〜及一高頻帶話音信號,且 ㈣第向置表示該高頻帶話音信號在該第-訊框 期間之〜頻譜包絡,且 其中讀窠- a旦 一向里表不該高頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間之〜頻譜包絡。 110138-990512.doc 1330828 _ 月丨1曰修正替換頁 3 0.如請求項16之裝置,其中該裝置包括: 一濾波器組,其經組態以對一寬頻帶話音信號進行慮 波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信號及一高頻帶話音信號,其中 (A)該第一向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框期間 之一頻譜包絡且(B)該第二向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在 該第二訊框期間之一頻譜包絡; 一反量化器,其經組態以解量化該第四向量; 一白化濾波器,其經組態以基於該經解量化之第四向 量來計算該窄頻帶話音信號之一激勵信號;及 一高頻帶編碼器,其經組態以基於該窄頻帶話音信號 之該激勵信號導出該高頻帶話音信號之一激勵信號。 3 1.如請求項16之裝置,其中該量化器經組態以藉由對該第 四向量執行一分裂向量量化來量化該第四向量。 3 2. —種用於信號處理之裝置,其包括: 用於對一話音信號之一第一訊框及一第二訊框實施編 碼以產生對應之第一及第二向量之構件,其中該第一向 量表示該話音信號在該第一訊框期間的一頻譜包絡且該 第二向量表示該話音信號在該第二訊框期間的一頻譜包 絡, 用於產生一第一經量化向量之構件,該產生包含量化 一基於該第一向量之至少一部分之第三向量; 用於計算該第一經量化向量之一量化誤差之構件;及 用於計算一第四向量之構件,該計算包含將該向量誤 差之一經換算版本添加至該第二向量之至少一部分, 110138-990512.doc 1330828 其中該用於產生一第一經量化向量之構件經組熊 化s亥第四向量。 33, =請求項32之裝置,其中該用於計算—量化誤差之構件 經組態以基於該第一經量化向量與該第三向量之間的— I異來計算該量化誤差。
34. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該用於計算—量化誤差之構件 經組態以基於該第一經量化向量與該第—向量之至少一 部分之間的一差異來計算該量化誤差。 35·如請求項32之裝置,其另包含: 用於計算該經換算之量化誤差之構件,該計算包括將 該量化誤差乘以一換算因數,及 經組態以基於該第一向量之至少一部分與該第二向量 之對應部分之間的一距離來計算該換算因數之邏輯。 36.如請求項35之裝置,其中該第一及第二向量中之每—者 包含複數個線頻譜頻率。 3 7.如喷求項32之裝置’該裝置包括一用於無線通信之器件。 38.如咕求項32之裝置,其中在該話音信號中該第二訊框緊 跟在該第一訊框之後。 39. 40. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該第一及第二向量中之每—者 表示一經自適應平滑之頻譜包絡。 如請求項32之裝置,其中該裝置包括: 用 用 構件。 於解量化該第四向量之構件;及 於基於該經解量化之第四向量來計算-I勵信號之 110138-990512.doc 1330828 物Ύ月I z日修正替換頁 41. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該裝置包括用於對一寬頻帶話 音信號進行渡波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信號及一高頻帶話 音信號之構件,且 其中該第一向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框 期間之一頻譜包絡,且 其中該第二向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間之一頻譜包絡。 42. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該裝置包括用於對一寬頻帶話 音信號進行濾波以獲得一窄頻帶話音信號及一高頻帶話 音信號之構件,且 其中該第一向量表示該高頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框 期間之一頻譜包絡,且 其中該第二向量表示該高頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框 期間之一頻譜包絡。 43. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該裝置包括: 用於對一寬頻帶話音信號進行濾波以獲得一窄頻帶話 音信號及一高頻帶話音信號之構件,其中(A)該第一向量 表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第一訊框期間之一頻譜包絡 且(B)該第二向量表示該窄頻帶話音信號在該第二訊框期 間之一頻譜包絡; 用於解量化該第四向量之構件; 用於基於該經解量化之第四向量來計算該窄頻帶話音 信號之一激勵信號之構件;及 用於基於該窄頻帶話音信號之該激勵信號來導出該高 110138-990512.doc 1330828 月/¾修正替換頁 頻帶話音信號之一激勵信號之構件。 44. 如請求項32之裝置,其中該用於產生一第一經量化向量 之構件經組態以藉由對該第四向量執行一分裂向量量化 來量化該第四向量。 45. —種電腦可讀媒體,其包括在一處理器中執行時致使該 處理器執行以下操作之指令: 對一話音信號之一第一訊框及一第二訊框實施編碼, 以產生對應之第一及第二向量,其中該第一向量表示該 話音信號在該第一訊框期間的一頻譜包絡且該第二向量 表示該話音信號在該第二訊框期間的一頻譜包絡; 產生一第一經量化向量,該產生包含量化一基於該第 一向量之至少一部分之第三向量; 計算該第一經量化向量之一量化誤差; 計算一第四向量,該計算包含將該量化誤差之一經換 算版本添加至該第二向量之至少一部分;及 量化該第四向量。 46. 如請求項45之電腦可讀媒體,其中該致使該處理器計算 一量化誤差之指令包含用以計算該第一經量化向量與該 第三向量之間的一差異之指令。 47. 如請求項45之電腦可讀媒體,其中該致使該處理器計算 一量化誤差之指令包含用以計算該第一經量化向量與該 第一向量之至少一部分之間的一差異之指令。 48. 如請求項45之電腦可讀媒體,該致使該處理器計算該經 換算之量化誤差之指令進一步包括用以執行以下操作之 110138-990512.doc -9- 1330828 指令: 將該量化誤差乘以一換算因數, 其中該換算因數係基於該第一向量之至少一部分與該 第二向量之一對應部分之間的一距離。 49.如請求項48之電腦可讀媒體,其中該第一及第二向量中 之每一者包含複數個線頻譜頻率。 5 0.如請求項45之電腦可讀媒體,其中該第一及第二向量中 之每一者包含複數個線性預測濾波器係數之一表示形 式。 110138-990512.doc 10· 铁5"月/2日修正替換頁 1330828 第095111814號專利申請案 ' 中文圖式替換頁(99年5月)
加法器All
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U0138-fig-990512.doc
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI581256B (zh) * | 2013-03-05 | 2017-05-01 | Nec Corp | A signal processing device, a signal processing method, and a signal processing program |
US9715885B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2017-07-25 | Nec Corporation | Signal processing apparatus, signal processing method, and signal processing program |
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