TWI222884B - Sustained release drug delivery devices - Google Patents
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Description
1222884 五、發明說明(1) 發明領域 | 本發明係關於一種新穎的持續釋放的藥劑釋出裝置, i該裝置包括:一含有一種藥劑能取得有效局部或系統性的 生理或藥理學上效果之内核心或儲囊;一有效藥劑可滲透 |之第一覆蓋;一含有一種不透性聚合物及至少一種實質上 |不容有效藥劑滲透過之不透性隔膜的第二覆蓋;及一可容 有攻藥劑滲透過之第二覆蓋。第一覆蓋至少蓋住内核心一 部分。第二覆蓋至少蓋住第一覆蓋層及内核=的一部分,
丨j而,至少第一覆蓋層或内核心一小部分並未覆蓋有第二 :蓋層。第三覆蓋層實質上完全蓋住第一覆蓋層及第二覆 |二層。未覆蓋有第二覆盍層之第一覆蓋層的部分允許藥劑 I渗透進入第三覆蓋層,如此藥劑能控制性釋出。 發明背景 丨^ 這些年來,對促進治療各種慢性病及疾病方面已經開 i出許多種類的藥品。然而,在很多時候這些藥品並非能 夠用口服方式或靜脈注射方式給藥而不無產生各種不利副 :作用的風險。 cMV 7如:靜注gancicl〇vir(GCV)對治療AIDS病人中的 '性受到限制尺。有效,但是,卻又因骨髓毒性出現,其有效 '發生率(絶對於靜注GCV治療期間,嗜中性白血球減少症 防止疾病的掏中性白細胞計數< 1 0 0 0 )從30到5〇%不等。為 :維持治療,=長或復發必須持續維持GCV治療,但是儘管 驗。其他輿程中仍有30到50%的病人有舊疾復發的經 糸蛛性的GCV服用相關聯的問題則包括與永久 1222884 五、發明說明〇 丨生^置^r管有關的膿毒症風險以及無法接受zidovudine (AZT)藥物同時治療,而有顯示此一藥物對A IDS病患者係 可延長壽命,增進免疫功能。 每週進行一次或兩次2〇〇至4〇〇 //g眼睛玻璃體内 Untravitreai)GCV注射曾有“…病患者因此發生短暫的 CMV視網膜炎減退。眼睛玻璃體内GCV注射可以提供一種比 系統性治療更高之眼内藥物濃度並可 白' 對;"DS病患者中⑽視網膜炎的現行治療公 ^ Γ nciclovir藥劑為抑制病毒生長,因 此’疾病的抑制需要有維持藥物投藥。 由於某些藥劑帶來風險,為利用此 種病痛、疾病,對藥物投藥研究恭蓝 療口 其中,許多用藥方式係提供-種藥:c。 的副作用發生。 悝樂d擇出率,以減少不利 其中一種藥劑釋出裝置為一口服 種於不同層的組成物内封裝的藥劑,而:戈:冑’包含- 中經過一段時間即溶解,由此允 3、物於消化道 體系統内。 允弄樂劑逐漸或緩慢釋入機 控制此類藥劑投與的另—類型裝 料覆蓋藥劑’藥劑可滲透過該聚合材y、 ^ 種聚合材 此類裝置係特別適合用在治療一二定局=取得有效效果。 必要將病患整個身體接觸到藥劑。因I =地區病患,而不 的藥劑副作用予以減少到最低限度而非12任何可能發生 此類用藥方式係特別適用於治療1二 曰π眼睛帶來損害 1222884 五、發明說明(3)
疾病。有關 A r η ο 1 d氏之 嵌入物(0 c u 來將藥劑緩 物是利用一 材料製成。 於眼球鞏膜 利用不 用於不受聚 予眼睛及周 之形狀及完 瞢中除 Π 外表面上投藥治療的 弟4’ 〇 1 4, 335號美國專利。Α hr inserts),可作為一 慢、持續長時間地釋又到淚 種呈生物惰性、不?丨起過敏 在開始上述裝置的治療程序 與眼皮間之盲管内以便投藥 溶於淚液之聚合材料製成之 合材料溶解或腐餘影響之速 圍的組織之必要的治療過程 整性。而在終止有效治療程 進展乃揭橥於 rnold敘述各種眼 沈澱物或藥劑囊用 薄翳晨。這些嵌入 且不溶於撓性聚合 時’將眼嵌入物置 眼睛上。 裝置’於作藥劑囊 率下,連續地投藥 期間,能保持彼等 序時即可將裝置自 =3,41 6,530號吳國專利中所述之另—型使用於 釋放樂劑給眼睛外表面之褒置,係製成具有多個連於、 置外部與通常界定自聚合隔膜之内室之間的毛細孔。當^匕 /構造之毛細孔用於釋放一些藥物投與眼晴有效時,由於 在採用各種聚合物大量生產上毛細孔大小控制不易之故,; 使裝置製造增添許多複雜性。 第3, 618, 604號美國專利中所敘述之另一種裝置則不 涉及上述毛細孔,反倒是透過一聚合隔膜擴散方式釋放 物預作準備。如專利中所揭示一般,在一較佳實施例中; 裝置係由一内室中有藥劑之密封容器所構成。 ^ * ^3-,重于it匕 類裝置,如第4, 014, 335號美國專利中所述還是有_此 題被分辨出來,例如:對封閉隔膜邊緣以开;占一 6 ^ 丨乂力乂一谷器之工
1222884 五、發明說明(4) 作困難。除此之外,製造這些裝置時,由於變形而引進到 i | 隔膜壁的應力和應變可能造成藥劑囊破裂及泄漏。 在第4, 014, 335號美國專利中描述的另一此類裝置, 乃包括一具有一對個別、獨立的第一及第三壁面之三層狀 體(1 a m i n a n t ),第一及第三壁面由一種不溶於淚液之材料 丨 ;製成,而其中之壁面為藥劑可滲透過之藥劑釋放材料製成 I及另一壁面為藥劑不可滲透之材料製成者。 以上所述投藥法及裝置專用於提供持續釋放藥劑,能 :有效治療預定局部或全身性程度下病患以取得一些生理或 !藥理學上效果。然而,其應用包括經常時間上不易達到理# 想藥劑釋出速率等事實而具有許多缺點。因此,有需要一 種更好的藥劑釋出法,這對cmv視網膜炎治療方面尤為重 丨 ! ί i 要'。 ! ; | 在本發明技術研發之前,就已開發一種新穎的持續釋 1 ! I放之釋出裝置,這種裝置改善上述與藥物釋出相關的一點 丨 丨困難。按此一裝置係揭示於第5,378, 475號美國專利中, 包括一實質上不容有效藥劑滲透之第一覆蓋層及一有效藥 劑可透過之第二覆蓋層。裝置中,第一覆蓋層蓋住至少内 芯的一部分;然而,至少内芯的一小部分並未蓋有第一覆 蓋層。第二覆蓋層實質上則是完全蓋住第-覆蓋層以及Θ ▼ :芯未被蓋住的部分。内芯未覆蓋有第二覆蓋層的部分容許 I !
;藥劑通過進入第二覆蓋層之故,而可控制的釋放藥劑。 I 第5, 378, 475號美國專利中所述之裝置雖解決了上述 與藥物釋出相關的困難,製造裝置的設備及方法並非完全
第9頁 1222884 五、發明說明(5) ;沒有問題。尤其是,適用於覆蓋内芯的聚合物經常較為鬆 軟,在均質薄膜生產上可能出現技術上困難,而當嘗試覆 I蓋具有端緣的非球形體(例如圓柱形)時尤其如此,在這種 !情況下,為取得不間斷覆蓋層必須施用較厚薄膜。這樣, |亦因密封内芯端部所需厚度之故使得裝置比要求還要大 丨 也匕 〇 ί ! 在將裝置設計可移植到諸如眼睛等結構狹小空間内而
I
1言,裝置尺寸大小為一極端重要問題。較大型裝置對植入 ;及去除均要求更複雜手術。此外,達成一均質覆蓋層所需 I的額外聚合物降低植入片的潛在容積,因此限制了可釋出 !的藥劑量。 ; 由於上述所有原因,在此一技藝仍有必要改進設計以 I及配製裝置之方法,即提供持續釋放藥劑給病患以取得特 丨別用在眼用方面預定的局部或全身性生理或藥理學上效 :果。 I發明概要
因此,本發明一基本目的乃在於提供一種適用於有節 制及持續的釋放一種以取得有效局部或全身或系統性的生 理或藥理學上效果而有效的組成物。 一項實施例中,本裝置乃包括一含有能有效取得預定 丨效果之藥劑的内核心或儲液囊。裝置還包括一第一覆蓋 層。此第一覆蓋層可容藥劑滲透通過。此外,裝置包括一 丨由至少一個防滲透隔膜及一防滲透聚合物。第二覆蓋層實 質上不容藥劑滲透,且蓋住第一覆蓋層一部分以及内核
第10頁 1222884 五、發明說明(6) 心。此第二 住藥劑不自 分則容許來 個通道進入 蓋層可容藥 二覆蓋層位 滲透通過第 本發明另 人類,以取 效果之方法 置安置於一 三覆蓋進入 本發明 璃體内的視 提供各種組 險下來治療 本發明 加到最大限 大小減少到 本發明 裝置,可應 利用本 中非常明顯 說明以及後 覆蓋層 内核心 自内核 第一覆 劑滲透 置處於 三覆蓋 一目的 得有效 。本發 其中要 到有效 再 目 覺裝置 成持縯 眼睛。 係在與 通過。 心的控 蓋層而 通過並 内核心 層時速 在於提 局部或 明方法 求藥劑 治療區 的在於 。令人 有節制 侧面處阻塞 的内核心部 第一覆蓋層相接觸之 至於剩下未受阻塞住 制量藥劑經由第二覆蓋層中的 進到一第三覆蓋層内 實質上蓋住全部第二 與第三覆蓋層之間以 。此第三覆 覆蓋層。第 便控制藥劑 率。 供一種治療哺乳有機 全身或系統性的生理 包括:將持續釋放的 釋出之地區内且容許 域。 提供一 驚訝的 性的釋 又 a 度之同 最低限 再一目 用在眼 發明上 ,本發 附之請 的在於使容納 時,為了使植 度。 的則是在於提 内晶狀體以防 述及其他目的 明特徵請參考 求專利範圍, 種適用於直接 發現,本發明 出,在無不利 於眼内裝置中 入物期限得於 體,例如: 或藥理學上 藥劑釋出裝 藥劑通過第 植入眼睛玻 的視覺裝置 副作用的風 的藥劑量增 延長將裝置 供一種眼藥劑釋出系統或 渾濁。 ,在以下文 發明之詳細 將可獲致進一步之瞭解。 止發炎或後囊 、優點、特徵 下列之揭示本
第11頁 1222884 五、發明說明(7) 圖式簡式說明: 圖1為一項顯示内核心、第一覆蓋層、第二覆蓋層以及第 三覆蓋層之持續釋放的藥劑釋出裝置之實施例放大圖。 圖2 A為不透性聚合物放大圖(端隔膜之各項優點)。 圖2 B為包括不透性薄膜及不透性隔膜之第二覆蓋層之放大 圖(為清晰明獠起見,僅顯示第二(不滲透性)覆蓋薄膜)。 發明詳細說明: 更具體而言,本案發明人發現了 一種裝置及製作裝置 之方法,適合用來有節制、持續的釋放藥劑而能取得有效 局部或系統性生理或藥理學上效果。尤其是發現,在利用 不滲透性隔膜將至少一個表面密封的方式上可運用較薄的 覆蓋層。這樣,利用此一方法它的優點在於能製成以往不 可能的更薄、更短小的裝置。再一優點是,製作不滲透性 隔膜所用的材料不需要是韌性材料(更容易將曲面覆蓋 住),反倒是可採用較硬質材料便利均勻擴散口的設計。 9 裝置包括一個含有一種藥劑能取得有效效果的内核心 或儲囊,該裝置還包括一第一覆蓋層,一第二覆蓋層及一 第三覆蓋層。容許有效藥劑滲透過之第一覆蓋層可以完全 蓋住内核心。第二覆蓋層則僅蓋住第一覆蓋層一部分以及 内核心,且不容藥劑滲透通過,第三覆蓋層則是蓋住全部 第一覆蓋層與第二覆蓋層且容藥劑滲透通過。未用第二覆 蓋層蓋著的第一覆蓋層部分及内核心係使藥劑更容易通過 第三覆蓋層。特別是,第二覆蓋層位置處於内核心與第三
第12頁 1222884 五、發明說明(8) 覆蓋層之間,這樣,此覆蓋層乃阻塞住藥劑通過第三覆蓋 層的鄰近部分,從而控制了藥劑的通過速率。 圖1顯示一項本發明的持續、釋放的藥劑釋出裝置的 實施例。儘管圖1中所示之裝置呈圓筒狀,裝置亦可以是 任何形狀。本裝置係由一内核心或儲囊5 ,一容許内核心 或儲囊中藥劑滲透之可滲透覆蓋層1 0,不不容内核心或儲 囊5中藥劑滲透之不透性覆蓋層1 5以及一容許内核心或儲 囊5中藥劑滲透之可滲透覆J 性聚合物1 7及於圓筒狀内核 尚顯示一縫合標記30。 圖2A與2B僅顯示第二覆 膜作為第二層的一部分相關 覆蓋在内核心邊緣之不透性 3 1可產生一種使有效藥劑滲 圖2B說明了採用不透性 不透性聚合物1 7以及圖筒狀 1 9。不透性隔膜1 8則含有一 防止有效藥劑經由不透性聚 本發明又有關一種治療 系統性的生理或藥理學上效 放的藥劑釋出系統投與哺乳 或全身或系統性效果的藥劑 機體◦如本文中所用“投藥 意包括··定位、嵌入、注射 l層20。第二覆蓋包括一不透 心端部處之隔膜丨8與丨9。圖1 蓋層以及說明與使用不透性隔 的益處。圖2A則是顯示薄薄地 聚合層1 7。經薄薄覆膜邊緣 漏的潛在性。 隔膜之益處。第二覆蓋層包括 核心兩端處不透性隔膜1 8與 擴散u。不透性隔膜丨8與丨9可 合物之薄邊緣31滲漏。 哺乳有機體以取得有效局部或 果之方法。方法包括將持續釋 有機體並容許能取得有效局部 通過第三覆蓋而接觸到哺乳有 (administering)’’ 一詞,其含 、植入或其他任何使裝置接觸
1222884 五、發明說明(9) 哺乳有機體之手段。投藥途徑乃取決於多項因素,包括反 應或治療類型,藥劑種類以及人體上較佳投藥部位。 ^ 一些實施例中裝置可適用來提供有節制、持續釋放藥 劑’能取得有效局部或系統性生理或藥理學上效果,至於 有關以下領域方面:治療癌樣原發性腫瘤(例如:
C U ob 1 as t〇ma );慢性疼痛;關節炎;風濕症狀,·缺乏荷爾蒙 例如:糖尿病及侏儒症;以及免疫反應改變諸如:在移植 排異反應的預防及癌症治療等。同時,採用本發明的藥劑 釋出裝置其他各種各類疾病狀況均可得到預防或治療。此 類疾病狀況係為一般熟習此項技術人士所瞭解,對於一些 非熟習此類技術者而言,則可參考由紐約Pergam〇n Press 於1990第8版出版Goodman與Gilman所著之The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeuti cal Sciences 及 丨由Easton, PA 的Mack Publishing Co·於1990 第18版出版 I 之Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 。二書内容均 丨有引證於本文中。
除以上之外,此裝置尚適用於感染有AIDS以及與A IDS
相關的機會傳染病諸如··細胞巨病毒感染,毒漿原蟲屬 病,肺抱子蟲及Mycobacterium avium intercellular 菌 之哺乳有機體。 上述裝置特別是適用於治療眼睛狀況諸如:青光眼, 擴散玻璃體視網膜病(Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy 糖尿病視網膜病,眼色素層炎及角膜炎。裝置亦特別適用 於作為一眼器具,治療感染細胞巨病毒視網膜炎之哺乳有
第14頁 1222884 五、發明說明(ίο) 機體’其中將眼器具經外科手術移植在眼玻璃體内。
如上面所述,内核心或儲囊中含有一種藥劑能獲得有 效局部或系統性的生理或藥理學上效果。以下藥劑種類可 納入本發明裝置内:麻醉劑及止痛藥諸如:利多卡因與相關 化合物及苯(并)二氮卓(benzodiazepam)與相關化合物;抗 癌藥劑諸如·氟尿吻π定(5 - f 1 u 〇 r 〇 u r a c i 1)、亞德里亞徽素 與相關化合物;消炎藥劑諸如:甘露糖—6 —磷酸 丨(6-mannose phosphate);抗真菌劑諸如:fluc〇naz〇le 與相 關化合物;抗病毒劑诸如:麟酸單甲酸三納(s 〇 d i u m phosphoinonoforinBte) , trifluorothymidine ,acyclovir ;ganciclovir,DDI及AZT ;細胞運輸/流動性發生劑( impending agent)諸如:秋水仙素(c〇ichicine),醛基長 丨春鹼(Vincristine),細胞鬆弛素B(cytochalasin B)及相 關化合物;抗青光眼劑諸如yS -受體阻滞藥:t i JJ] Q 1 〇, betaxolo atenalol荨等;免疫反應改良劑之諸wmuramyi d 1 p e p t i d e及相關化合物;縮氨酸與蛋白質諸如··
丨cyclosporin,胰島素,生長激素,胰島素相關之生長因 素,熱震盪蛋白質及相關化合物;類固醇化合物諸如:地 塞米松(dixamethasone),脫氫皮質醇及相關化合物;低 溶解性類固醇諸如··氟新諾龍丙_及相關化合物;以及碳 酸酐抑制劑。 除以上所述藥劑之外,其他藥劑係適於眼睛及眼睛周 圍細胞組織投藥以產生局部或系統性生理或藥理學上有利 效果。有關此類藥劑的例子包括神經保護劑諸如:
第15頁 1222884 五、發明說明(11) nunodipine及相關化合物;抗生素諸如:tetracycl ine, ch1 ortetracyc1ine,bacitracin,neomycin,polymyxin gramicidin j oxytetracyc 1 ine,chloramphenicol, gen tamycin,及 erythromycin;抗菌劑諸如: sulfonamides , sulfacetamide ,sulfamethizole 及
sul fisoxazole;抗病毒液包括idoxuridine;以及其他抗菌 劑諸如:n i t r o f u r a z ο n e及丙酸納;抗變應性或抗過敏藥 諸如:antazoline,methapyriline,氯苯 H比胺 (chlorpheniramine), pyrilamine 及prophenpyridamine; 消炎藥諸如:hydrocortisone,hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, fluocinolone,medrysone inethylprednisolone, prednisolone 2 1 -phosphate,
prednisolone acetate, f1uorome tha1 one, betamethasone 及triminolone;減充血劑諸如: phenylephrine,naphazoline,及tetrahydrazo 1 ine ;縮瞳 藥抗膽驗酯鎢諸如:pilocarpine,eserine salicylate, carbachol,di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, phosphloine iodine,及dimecarium bromide;散瞳藥諸 士u· atropine sulfate, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopo 1 amine, tropi camide, eucatropine,及 hydroxyamphet am i ne ;類交感神經藥諸如:epinephrine ;以 及前驅藥物諸如:1985年於阿姆斯特丹由Elsevier科學出 版公司,Hans Bundgaard 編著之Desigh of Pr〇drugs 書中 所描述者。又,有關其他藥劑的識別可參閱任何一本標準
第16頁 1222884 五、發明說明(12) 藥物學教科書 SjM_en_ces 即可 此類化合 鹼或藥劑學上 施。藥劑學上 酸鹽,硬脂酸 似鹽類。 大多數聚 條件是,聚合 適合用來 材料生物學上 易溶解於材材 到藥物釋出的 避免使用迅速 生物學上 於材料會接觸 聚醋酸乙烯酯 丙烯酸乙酯共 烯縮醛,塑化 烯 5 ethylene 乙稀醋,聚乙 基丙烯酸丁酯 龍,塑化聚對 異丁烯,聚丁 。女 S ^ h ar mac eutical 物以任一藥劑學上可接受之形 可接文的鹽或其酯均可使用在 可接文之鹽包括例如:硫酸鹽 鹽,鹽酸鹽,酒石酸鹽,順丁 怨’即:自由 對本發明的實 ’乳酸鹽,醋 烯二酸鹽及類 合物可用來製成本發明 物為惰性、非致免疫的 製造裝置的材料包括天 與人體液以及眼細胞組 料會接觸的體液中,由 恒定性以及系統能長時 溶解之材料或眼液中呈 與體液及眼細胞組織相 的體液中天然或合成材 ,交聯聚乙稀醇,交聯 聚物,聚己基丙烯酸乙 乙烯醋酸乙酯共聚物, viny lchlor ide 共聚物 烯曱醛,聚醯胺,聚曱 ,塑化聚氣乙烯,塑化 苯二曱酸乙酯,天然橡 二烯,聚乙烯,四氟化 的裝置 並具有 然或合 織相容 於壁部 間留在 高溶性 容且實 料包括 聚丁酸 酯,聚 聚乙烯 ,聚乙 基丙稀 尼龍, 膠,聚 聚乙烯 ,唯一 致滲透 成材料 ,且實 的溶解 仇置上 之柯料 質上不 ,但非 己场_ 氯己烯 11 ’聚烯唣, 塑化軚 ’聚偏 必要的率者。 沒些 質上不 會影響 ,必要 Ο 易落解
1222884 五、發明說明(13) 烯,聚丙烯腈,交聯聚乙烯吡咯酮,聚三氟一氯乙烯,氣 4匕?泛乙:!:希,p〇ly(l —4’ — isopropylidene diphenylene carbonate),1,1-二氯乙婦,丙稀腈共聚物,氯化烯一反 丁烯二酸二乙酯共聚物,聚矽氧橡膠,特別是醫藥級的聚 雙甲基矽氧烷,乙烯-丙烯橡膠,聚矽氧—碳酸酯共聚物, 1,1 -二氯乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物,氯乙烯—丙烯腈共聚物以及 1,1 -二氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物。 特別是本發明裝置第二層係可利用以上所列之任一牙』 聚t t或任一其他生物學上可與體液及眼細胞組織相容,
而貫質上不易溶解於材料會接觸的體液中且實質上不允孝 效藥劑滲透過之聚人 承Ό物 本文中所用之「不滲透性的“ impermeable” . — ^ ,立田上卜、 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 思心♦曰該層將不允許有效藥劑以 取付有效局部或系續神的士田 # 本 、、死欧的生理或樂理學上效果所需之速辞 通過君。 第二層則必須選擇是不 核滲出而通至第二覆蓋層鄰 劑通至該鄰近部份,而如此 來。 允許,如以上所述之藥劑自内 近部份。其目的仍在於封住藥 控制藥劑自釋出裝置中釋放出 為了便於允許上^纟/r
成分,即:聚合物必須要‘擇的f放藥劑,第二層的 所不同’係取決於—些如活性藥二二:較佳組成f分 用藥劑方式等因素。活性藥劑的:、冑政控制速率以 為分子大小對測定藥劑進入=性非常重要,例如 之故。 禾一層的釋放速率具有決
1222884 五、發明說明(14) 一一 嗓^隔膜實質上是不容有效藥劑滲透過且可覆蓋未被第二 ,i層的不參透性薄膜蓋住的内核心一部分。正如圖2 B中 所不’隔膜可以蓋住内核心的邊緣,且能使其他方式不能 達成=在内核心上塗膜上一更薄的滲透性薄膜均勻層。在 *項貫施例中’不滲透性薄膜可完全地蓋住内核心及各隔 ^ :藥齊彳釋放可藉由通過隔膜中的一個孔(參閱圖2B )或 不苓透性薄膜中的一個孔而達成。而隔膜所使用的聚合物 之物理特性可按彼等承受後來的加工步驟(諸如熱固化) :孔眼不必遭遇變形的能耐基上進 聚合物可按對内核心覆蓋容易度基礎上 擇。隔膜用的可能鉍紐a &丄丁以廷 丙烯酸甲酉旨,聚乙烯醢匕括:特氟隆,聚碳酸酯,聚甲基 乙稀基)及聚乙晞醇乙稀基醋酸乙醋高級品(含量9% 核心或儲二一 K:Ϊ ?上是不容有效藥劑滲透過,僅内 釋出速率而定,為了 ^有弟二覆蓋層者。視裝置的有效 蓋層僅可蓋住内核:J有效藥劑的釋放速率更快些第二覆 劑的釋放速率較緩慢—1彳刀或為了讓有效藥 分。 二則可盍住内核心表面區域的大部
表面面積至少5 〇 % 舜 的釋放速率表面面積至少75% ; = = ^二蓋住。對較緩慢 速率則表面面積至少95%可以包蓋=座。對甚至更緩慢 因此,只要在得到有效藥劑釋放速率,# 「核〜表面面積的高達但不包括任饤二:覆蓋層及 幻任何部分可利用第
第19頁 1222884 五、發明說明(15) 二覆蓋層包蓋住。 包括不滲透性薄膜及不 放置在内核心及第一覆蓋層 及内核心的頂部、底部或任 闪安置在頂部及一邊上,戈 底部上,或在相對邊上或是 合上。 滲透性隔膜在内的第二覆蓋可 上包括但非限制於第一覆蓋層 一邊的任何一處。除此之外, 在底部及一邊上,或在頂部及 在頂部、底部或邊面的任一組 置的第一與第三層必須與體液及眼細胞組
溶解的以及可容對取得;到的體液中實質上不 通過者。 利效果有效的藥劑或組合物滲 散開方向,即:朝裝置外部表面 層兩邊的:再次成平衡。當第三覆 穩定狀態的有效藥劑流量即:::克:擴散作用定律-用方式通過材料的速率」下來。藥劑藉由擴散 及取決於壁部厚声。、言一又疋决於其中的藥劑之溶度 的選擇將視欲採;的;;以j製成壁部用的適當材 有關有效藥劑通過本發 ^二
於吸收狀態(Sink c0nditiQns)、來a物層的擴散率可經1 予以測定。吸收狀態下進:下進行的擴散細胞分析而 ”濃度與供體間的高濃度相比1::;:析中’受齡 况下藥劑釋放速率係由以 t蚪基本上為零。上述4 n / , . ^ it八表示·· Q/t<〇-K. A.DC)h
1222884 五、發明說明(16) 其中Q為釋出藥劑量,t為時間,D為擴散係數,K為分 數,A為表面面積,DC為在薄膜上藥劑濃度差以及h為 的厚度。 在藥劑經由充水細孔透過覆蓋層而擴散開來之情 分割現象不存在。因此,K可自等式中除去。按吸收3 下,若供體侧的藥劑釋放非常緩慢時則值DC基本上為 且與供體間的濃度相等。這樣,釋放速率變成依賴於 之表面面積(A)、厚度(h)以及擴散性質(D)上。在構^ 發明裝置上,尺寸大小(以及還有表面面積)主要視有 劑數量而定。 這樣,透過值即可由Q與時間關係圖表之斜率取4 滲透率P可由以下等式與擴散係數D相關: P二(K · D)/h 丨一旦為可容藥劑透過的被覆設定滲透率時,即可測定 ;覆蓋有可容藥劑透過的被覆的藥劑表面面積。而此測 藉由逐步減少有效的表面面積直到獲得有效釋放速率 而達成。 有關適用於作為第一與第三覆蓋層之典範微孔材 丨敘述於例如,美國第4, 014, 335號專利,該專利乃全^ 證納入本文中。材料包括:交聯聚乙烯醇,聚烯或聚 i烯或交聯明膠;再生、不溶性非腐蝕纖維素,醯化纖 ;素,酯化纖維素,醋酸丙酸纖維素,醋酸丁酸纖維素 酸酞酸纖維素,醋酸二乙基胺基醋酸纖維素;聚胺甲 酯,聚碳酸酯以及藉由一聚陽離子與一聚陰離子改質 隔係 薄膜 況下 己態 常數 薄膜 〔本 效藥 必須 定係 為止 料係 3引 氣乙 維 ,醋 酸乙 不溶
1222884 五、 性 乙 接 蓋 中 或 劑 達 浸 選 表 稀 有 物 發明說明(17) 膠蛋白的共沈澱作 烯醇為佳。第三覆 觸哺乳有機體,即 層則不需要供應藥 ,然而,可有利地 特徵。 本發明裝置可以 的有效量以及將藥 成時即可被敷第一 潰於一有效聚合物 是,可藉滴 聚合物溶液 以獲得第二 ,在未塗敷 擇方式 面塗上 醇溶液 效厚度 °最後 在第一覆蓋層未 可將裝置 性隔獏直 之 端 接覆蓋在第 或兩端覆蓋 兩 層 他 上。运樣,第二覆 種。利用至少一個 °其優點在於較薄 方式無法達到。 不滲透性聚合物 外’其厚度必須足 用形成之微孔聚合物。其中 蓋層係經選擇, — ^ ♦ ••人體的釋出緩慢下 釋;:戈控制進入到生物= 弟一復盍層同樣具有上述特性 許多種方式來制&,^, 南j成例如:藉取得藥 片j /辰細至有用形態之方式。一旦 覆蓋層。被敷第-覆蓋層可藉將裝; ,溶液裏—次或多次方式達成。; 洛、嘴霧、刷塗或其他手段在裝置外 之方式被敷第一覆蓋層。當使用聚乙 覆蓋層時可藉塗敷層覆蓋物方式ς得 下一層覆蓋物前可乾燥每一層覆蓋于 加熱以調節外覆蓋層之滲透^。1 塗上不滲透性聚合物層之前可將不透 一層上。至於圓筒形核心,則可於校 隔膜後’再將不滲透性薄膜覆蓋在核 蓋層包括不透性薄膜以及不透性隔膜 面塗封不透性隔膜方式採用較薄些物 些、更短些装置得於製備;否則其 層除未被蓋住的面積(擴散層或出口) 以阻土藥劑釋放通過其間。由於使植
之
第22頁 1222884 五、發明說明(18) 入物體積變得最小為有利條件,因此,不透性薄膜層的厚 度可以是0 · 0 1到2毫米(mm ),尤以0 . 0 1到少於0 . 5毫米為 佳。 同樣地,不滲透性隔膜除了特別預備的薄膜或出口之 外,其厚度必須足以阻止藥劑釋放通過其間。由於使植入 :物體積體變得最小為有利條件,不透性隔膜的厚度可以是 0 . 0 1到2毫米,尤以0 . 0 1到少於1毫米為佳。
一旦將包括不滲透性隔膜的第二覆蓋層敷在裝置上 ;後,即可敷上第三覆蓋層。該第三覆蓋層可藉將裝置浸潰 於一含有效聚合物之溶液裏一次或多次方式達成。另一選 ;擇方式是,可藉滴落、喷霧、刷塗或其他手段在裝置外表 |面塗上聚合物溶液之方式被覆第三覆蓋層。當使用聚乙烯 丨醇溶液以獲得第三覆蓋層時可藉塗敷數層覆蓋物方式取得 !有效厚度。在未塗敷下一層覆蓋物前可乾燥每一層覆蓋 物。最後,可將裝置加熱以調節外覆蓋層之滲透度。
由於種種組成物為熟習此項技術者所週知,以上有關 !如何製成本發明裝置之說明僅作為敘述而已,不應以任何 !方式認作是對發明範圍之限制。特別是,製成裝置之方法乃 取決於活性藥劑及所選擇之聚合物等之特性(i d e n t i t y )。 ;考慮到活性藥劑,第一覆蓋物,第二覆蓋物(薄膜及隔膜 I)以及第三覆蓋物後,熟習此項技術者即可應用傳統塗層 方法而輕易地製成本發明裝置。 | 治療哺乳有機體以取得有效局部或系統性生理或藥理 丨學上之效果之方法包括將本發明之持續釋放的藥劑釋出裝
第23頁 1222884 五、發明說明(19) 置投藥與哺乳有機體以及容許藥劑透過裝置而直接與哺乳 有機體相接觸。 I 本發明之藥劑釋出系統,可經由任一為本項技術習知 之藥物入體途徨投藥與哺乳有機體。該藥物入體途徑包括 眼内投藥、口服、皮下用藥、肌内用藥、腹膜内用藥、鼻| ;内用藥、皮膚用藥以及類似途徑。除此之外,在内核心中 !可包含一次或多次藥劑情況下,用藥可投入一個或多個藥 劑釋裝置。 本發明之藥劑釋出系統,尤其適合用於直接植入眼睛 玻璃體内以及於眼睛晶狀體内的應用。 有關上述投藥方法及其製備技術係為普通熟習該項技 術者所熟知。製備技術方面則是公開於Reming = n,S Pharmaceutical Sciences 一 書中。 藥劑釋出系統可利用充 態給予治療條件下予以投與 用在局部化的藥劑釋出 行動部位處將裝置植入。此 治療眼狀況,原發性瘤,風 之實例。 用在糸統緩解時可* α 植入。此一古4日 了 乂皮下肌内或腹膜内方式將裝 方式即是當需要裝置產 systenuc ievelsW; ★么π曰、王得績的糸統权度( 外,該f I 避免t早代謝時之實例。除此之 1 4衣置可以口服方式投藥。 在本發明之-項實施例中,可製造一種含有
分時間及在容許對重要疾病狀 〇 時可以外科手術方式在或靠近 一方式即為本發明裝置使用於 濕與關節炎狀況以及慢性病痛
第24頁 1222884 五、發明說明(20) ' g a n c 1 c 1 〇 v i r作為有效量的有效藥劑以阻止一種病毒複制 之眼狀裝置(ocular device)。此類裝置當以外科手術$ 式植入眼玻璃體内時,係可用來有效地打擊及抑制細UT 化病毒視網膜炎的繁殖。在治療完畢之後装置還可、 留在眼玻璃體内。本裝置中所採用 範圍從約0·01毫克至約40毫克,而尤以裝置中含乂1 土里 ganuciovK從約15毫克至約3〇毫克為佳。採用3上述較 範圍可提供ganciclovir持續的釋放從數小時到 = 間。最佳第一覆蓋物為聚乙烯醇。最佳不滲透性隔膜夕k Tefl二或2基乙’醇、。最佳不透性聚合物為乙烯乙酸二 醋。最佳第三覆蓋層為聚乙稀醇。在製造上述裝置 措 入眼睛玻璃體内時,以裝置在任一方向上不超過約y j 為佳:如此,圖丄中所示圓筒形裝置以不超過高 :: 或直徑3 *米為佳。第一覆蓋層的最佳厚度二/、 0 · 0 5至約0. 5毫米。第-覆芸恳认河从广 ㈤疋攸、..勺 5的彳η -上 弟一设盍層的最佳厚度範圍是從約〇 } 至約1.0¾米。至於第三覆葚声的备 · 至約2.0毫米。 ⑯皿層的最佳厚度範圍是從約〇.! 本發明之另一項實施例中,可製造一種含有 作為有效藥劑之眼狀裝置。如接下來的實例中 n d 1匕類裝4可用來提供數年的長期持續的釋放 從2至15毫克,尤以/f ΛΓ 1P1_最佳量範圍是 f θ τ 展 含有大約1〇_15毫克為佳。以上 超過1〇年時間的持續釋放_*·。 取土 匕括作為第一層的聚乙烯醇,圓筒形裝置之一端
第25頁 1222884 ^^^ ___—___ 發明說明(21) 何
^由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(9%)的隔膜覆蓋住而另一妗 忮蓋,乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(1 9% )作為不锈 而口h、,、J 住®同各側邊而端部上用隔膜密封佐奶增伋孤 祭個%杜芸允筮一靥沾县杜厂 及弟二層之石夕嗣將 、件|住。弟一層的取锃厚度範圍是從〇.〇5 〇 2真 =而不,透性聚合物層的5佳厚度範圍是從〇 〇5至〇:15毫 以.75笔米為佳。隔版的最佳厚度範圍是 I未U及第三層的最佳厚度範圍是從〇.丨至〇. 5毫米。 本發明之再一項實施例中,可製造一種含二蠢'靳今1 作為有效藥劑之眼狀裝1。如接下來進二; :V置置:用年的持續的釋放氣新諾龍丙 ,衣置中所採用氟新諾龍丙_的最佳量範圍為? 5R古 克’尤以裝置中含有大約5至10毫克為佳。以上、、、田 ^ :提供3年時間的持續的釋放氟新 ;: &為2毫米及長度為5毫米。 I置總的直 一山最佳材料包括作為第一層的聚乙烯醇’圓 立而σ卩上由乙稀乙酸乙烯醋(g % )的隔膜芸 _之 無任何覆蓋,乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(1 9% )作為不炎%而另一端部 層後盍住圓筒各側邊而端部上用隔膜密封住以及# 一物 二乙:醇將整個組件蓋住。第一層的最佳厚度範匕:之 •至0.2毫米。不透性聚合物層的厚度範圍可從〇 〇 〇· 5亳米而以0.75毫米為佳。至於隔膜的最佳厚度範 攸〇· 05至2毫米及第三層的最佳厚度範圍是 米。 n丄至0 · 5毫 當以上敘述本發明的各項實施例係根據有效藥劑量的 1222884 發明說明(22) 最佳範圍以及 明時,並不意 此類技術者而 尺寸大小乃取 的聚合物,有 持續期間還取 療中的病情狀 t對熟習此類 從上面的 地確定本發明 下為適應種種 飾,如此,所 圍内。 最佳第一 味上述各 言,將可 決於投藥 效釋放率 決於除上 況,病患 技術人士 說明,對 之各項重 用途及狀 有變化及 與第二覆蓋 優先選擇用 輕而易舉了 方法,所採 等等。同樣 述各項之外 的年齡及狀 輕易顯見的 一位普通熟 要特徵而在 況可對發明 /或修飾玉句 物的最 來限制 解,最 用的有 地,實 的種種 況,服 因素等 習本技 無違本 作許多 屬下面 佳厚度 本發明 佳量、 效藥劑 際釋放 因素, 藥的途 〇 術者而 發明精 變化及 各項申 而予以說 。對熟習 材料以及 ’所採用 率及釋放 例如:;台 徑以及其 言可輕易 神及範疇 /或修 請專利範
Claims (1)
1222884 六、申請專利範圍 構成。 5 _如申請專利範圍第1項之持續釋放的藥劑釋出系 統,其中該有效藥劑為g a n c i c 1 〇 v i r或II新諾龍丙酮 (fluocinolone acetonide)0 6 .如申請專利範圍第1項之持續釋放的藥劑釋出系 統,其中該有效藥劑為尼莫迪賓(n i m 〇 d i p i n e )。 7 .如申請專利範圍第1項之持續釋放的藥劑釋出系 統,其中該第三覆蓋層係由聚石夕氧(s i 1 1 c ο n e )構成。 8. —種直接植入、定位、注入或嵌入哺乳有機體之持 續釋放的藥劑釋出裝置,包括: (A)—内核心或儲囊,内含一有效劑量的藥劑,以便 有效獲得所要局部或系統性的生理或藥物學上效果; (B )第一覆蓋層,容許上述藥劑滲透過,其中該第一 覆蓋層覆蓋住該内核心的一部分乃至全部,用以控制及持 續維持該藥劑釋出; (C )第二覆蓋層,該第二覆蓋層不容上述藥劑滲透 過,且覆蓋住該内核心及/或第一覆蓋層至少百分之五 十,其中該内核心或第一覆蓋層至少保留一小部分並未由 該第二覆蓋層所覆蓋; 透 滲 劑 藥 述 上 容 可 層 蓋 覆 三 第 玄 -Φ 層 蓋 覆 三 第 \)/ D 及 以 層 蓋 覆 二 第 該 蓋 覆 全 完 上 質 實 層 蓋 覆 三 第 亥 =0 中 其 過 及薄 ’ 性 膜透 薄不 性該 透於 不大 劑有 •,藥具 分由或 部係同 蓋層不 覆蓋膜 被覆薄 未二性 的第透 心該不 核:該 内於與 或在料 層徵材 蓋特種 覆其 一 - 少 第i. 1222884 六、申請專利範圍 膜的硬度、厚度、展性或熱硬化反應性的不透性圓盤狀隔 膜所構成。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項之持續釋放的藥劑釋出裝 置,其中該有效藥劑為g a n c i c 1 〇 v i r或5 -氟尿σ密咬 (5 — flu〇r〇uracil)° 1 〇.如申請專利範圍第8項中所述之持續釋放的藥劑釋 出裝置,其中該有效藥劑為低溶解度類固醇。 1 1 .如申請專利範圍第1 0項中所述之持續釋放的藥劑 丨 I 釋出裝置,其中該低溶解度類固醇為氟新諾龍丙酮 I !
(fluocinolone acetonide)。 丨 i 12.如申請專利範圍第8項中所述之持續釋放的藥劑釋 | 出裝置,其中該有效藥劑為神經保護劑。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第1 2項中所述之持續釋放的藥劑 I 釋出裝置,其中該神經保護劑為尼莫迪賓(nimodipine)。 i
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-
1997
- 1997-08-28 US US08/919,221 patent/US5902598A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1998
- 1998-08-27 TW TW087114137A patent/TWI222884B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-28 BR BR9811381-0A patent/BR9811381A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-28 PL PL98344039A patent/PL344039A1/xx unknown
- 1998-08-28 NZ NZ502836A patent/NZ502836A/xx unknown
- 1998-08-28 CN CNA2007101933400A patent/CN101327197A/zh active Pending
- 1998-08-28 TR TR2000/01029T patent/TR200001029T2/xx unknown
- 1998-08-28 ME MEP-200/08A patent/MEP20008A/xx unknown
- 1998-08-28 KR KR1020007001996A patent/KR20010023358A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-28 JP JP2000508347A patent/JP4530531B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-28 ME MEP-2008-200A patent/ME00122B/me unknown
- 1998-08-28 UA UA2000031729A patent/UA71898C2/uk unknown
- 1998-08-28 EP EP98942180A patent/EP1009388B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-28 AT AT98942180T patent/ATE548029T1/de active
- 1998-08-28 AR ARP980104323A patent/AR017026A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-28 CA CA002301685A patent/CA2301685C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-28 AU AU90291/98A patent/AU741846B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-08-28 WO PCT/US1998/017342 patent/WO1999011244A1/en active Application Filing
- 1998-08-28 CZ CZ20000604A patent/CZ302339B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-28 CN CNB988103753A patent/CN100453074C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-28 HU HU0002797A patent/HUP0002797A3/hu unknown
- 1998-08-28 IL IL13456898A patent/IL134568A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-28 RS YU11100A patent/RS52096B/sr unknown
- 1998-08-28 SG SG200203462A patent/SG121718A1/en unknown
- 1998-08-28 EA EA200000267A patent/EA002162B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2000
- 2000-02-14 NO NO20000735A patent/NO327752B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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2001
- 2001-08-13 HK HK01105631.3A patent/HK1035135A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
- 2002-03-11 NZ NZ517736A patent/NZ517736A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2010
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