TW201317009A - 快速溶解的藥學組成物 - Google Patents
快速溶解的藥學組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201317009A TW201317009A TW101133462A TW101133462A TW201317009A TW 201317009 A TW201317009 A TW 201317009A TW 101133462 A TW101133462 A TW 101133462A TW 101133462 A TW101133462 A TW 101133462A TW 201317009 A TW201317009 A TW 201317009A
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- pharmaceutical composition
- active ingredient
- composition according
- inulin
- levan
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Abstract
本發明是針對一種包含有一攜帶一藥學活性成分的開放式基質網狀物的藥學組成物,其中該開放式基質網狀物包含有多醣左聚糖和菊糖這兩者。
Description
本發明是有關於快速溶解的藥學組成物、製造它們的方法以及它們在治療和預防在哺乳動物(特別地人類)的疾病的用途。
被設計以在口腔中釋放一活性成分的快速溶解的藥學劑量形式被熟知並且可被使用以遞送一廣範圍的藥物(Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems,21(6):433-475(2004);Seager H.(1998),J.Phar.Pharmacol 50:375-382;Bandari et al.(January 2008),Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2-11)。
在一快速溶解的劑量形式,一藥物可被物理地捕捉在一由例如甘露糖醇(mannitol)和魚明膠(fish gelatin)(EP 1501534;EP1165053)、經修飾的澱粉(US6509040)、聚三葡萄糖(pullulan)組合以一胺基酸(EP1803446),或者麥芽糊精(maltodextrin)組合以山梨糖醇(sorbitol)(US2004/0228919)所組成的基質(matrix)中。該藥物的溶液、懸浮液(suspension)或分散液(dispersion)以及載體材料可被裝填至泡腔(blister cavities)、予以冷凍以及之後凍乾。然而,以這個方式所產生的劑量形式大部分是易碎和脆的、具有有限的物理強度(physical strength),以及不能抵抗任何壓力。此外,如此所
產生的劑量單位難以被包裝和打開。
本發明提供一經改善的快速-分散的劑量形式。
本發明提供典型地呈一單位劑量形式、典型地口服凍乾物(lyophilisates)[亦被命名為口服崩解錠劑(orally disintegrating tablets)]的新穎快速溶解的口服藥學組成物。本發明的快速溶解的劑量形式具有一方面相對高的抗張強度(tensile strength)(亦即,在一個三點彎曲試驗中需要破壞一錠劑的力)以及另一方面一快速崩解(disintegration)/溶解(dissolution)時間。這個相對高的抗張強度尤其容許容易地從它的容器[典型地一泡罩包裝(blister pack)]移除組成物而沒有崩解。本發明的單位劑量形式可典型地以一相似於一慣常的壓縮錠劑所具者的方式(具有崩解僅發生在與一水性液體或與在口中的唾液接觸後)而被操作。
在一具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一攜帶一藥學活性成分的開放式基質網狀物的藥學組成物,其中該開放式基質網狀物包含有左聚糖和菊糖這兩者。
在另一個具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一攜帶一藥學活性成分的基質的藥學組成物,該基質在與一水性溶液或與唾液接觸後迅速地崩解,該基質包含有左聚糖和菊糖。
本發明的藥學組成物是獨特的在於:它具有一方面一相對高的抗張強度,以及另一方面一在一水性介質或在唾
液的迅速溶解。
該相對高的抗張強度容許以一相似於一常規的壓縮錠劑所具者的方式操作該組成物,包括,特別地,從它們被容納的一包裝(例如一泡罩包裝)移除,而沒有損害在手指間的劑量形式的風險。儘管這個抗張強度,本發明的組成物當與一水性介質或與唾液接觸時迅速地崩解,特別地當口服地服藥時該組成物迅速地崩解。在消耗後在一水性介質或在口腔的崩解(其中它在與唾液接觸後崩解)上是典型地在少於30秒內,以及更典型地在少於10秒內,在少於9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2或甚至1秒的時間。
因此,本發明進一步提供一種包含有一藥學活性成分的藥學組成物,其具有一抗張強度藉此容許消費者以一相似於一壓縮錠劑所具者的方式操作該組成物(典型地呈一單位劑量形式),本發明的藥學組成物典型地具有一在約0.05至1.6 N/mm2之間的範圍內的抗張強度以及一迅速溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在少於30秒、在少於10秒和甚至少於9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2或1秒的時間被崩解在一水性介質或在唾液。
本發明的藥學組成物可藉由從一包含有該活性成分和該基質形成劑(們)配於溶液的液體製備物昇華一溶劑(例如水)(例如在一冷凍乾燥方法)而被獲得。依據一具體例,單位劑量數量的該液體製備物被導入至凹陷(depressions)內,以及昇華接著被進行藉此獲得(在昇華之後)一呈一單位劑量形式的藥學組成物。該凹陷可以是一開放式泡罩包裝
的那些並且在昇華步驟後,以及藉此形成該組成物在該凹陷的固體單位劑量形式,一密封薄膜(sealing film)或箔(foil)被放在該凹陷上以形成一被密封的泡罩包裝。
本發明進一步提供一種用於製備一藥學組成物的方法,其包含有從一含有一藥學活性成分和左聚糖以及菊糖配於該溶劑的液體製備物昇華一溶劑。
本發明亦提供一種用於製備一藥學組成物的方法,其包含有(a)製備一包含有左聚糖和菊糖以及一活性成分配於一溶劑的溶液;(b)冷凍該溶液;(c)從該被冷凍的溶液昇華該溶劑,其中該如此所獲得的藥學組成物是呈在與一水性溶液或與唾液接觸後在少於30秒內崩解的快速分散劑量形式。
本發明提供一種包含有一活性成分以及一或多個賦形劑的快速溶解[典型地口內崩散型(orodispersible)]的藥學組成物[通常被製備和提供呈單位劑量形式(典型地一口服凍乾物)]。至少2個賦形劑(正常地主要的基質形成劑)是多醣左聚糖和菊糖。
下面是被使用在這個專利說明書和申請專利範圍的上面和下面的一些術語:術語“活性成分”或“藥學活性成分”在此將可交換地被使用。
術語“藥學組成物”和“組成物”在此可交換地被使用以
意指本發明的一藥學組成物。
術語“單位劑量形式”或“劑量形式”在此將被使用以意指該被配方以一數量的一活性藥學成分(API)呈一用於投藥的劑量有如一單一劑量給一標靶個體的組成物。該單位劑量形式視該活性成分的性質而定可適合於適應症(indication)、疾病階段以及各種不同的其他本身已知的因素用於一次、兩次、三次或任何其他數目的每日投藥。
術語“攜帶”應該被瞭解包含容許該基質容納和/或含有一數量的活性成分並且在該基質的崩解後釋放它至該水性介質或至唾液的任何形式的在一活性成分與該基質之間的交互作用。
術語“基質”應該被了解代表一用於一活性成分的固體載體介質。該基質包含有至少2種賦形劑。該等形成該基質的賦形劑有時在此可被意指為“基質形成劑”以及該等試劑的各個有如“基質形成劑”。
術語“一開放式基質網狀物”應該被瞭解包含具有處處被分散的空隙的水-可溶的或水-可分散的載體材料[基質形成劑(們)]的一基質。該基質在與一水性溶液或與唾液接觸後迅速地崩解。
在一具體例中,左聚糖和菊糖是在該組成物的基質形成劑。在另一個具體例中,一或多個第二基質形成劑可存在於該組成物中。
作為第二基質形成劑有用的糖、糖醇(sugar alcohols)、單醣(monosaccharides)、雙醣(disaccharides)、三醣
(trisaccharides)、多醣、蛋白質、胺基酸、膠(gums)以及類似之物的非限制性實例,包括沒有限制,甘露糖醇(mannitol)、菌藻糖(trehalose)、棉子糖(raffinose)、肌醇(inositol)、聚三葡萄糖(pullulan)、蔗糖(sucrose)、乳糖(lactose)、右旋糖(dextrose)、赤藻糖醇(erythritol)、木糖醇(xylitol)、乳糖醇(lactitol)、麥芽糖醇(maltitol)、異麥芽酮糖醇(isomalt)、丙胺酸(alanine)、精胺酸(arginine)、蘇胺酸(threonine)、甘胺酸(glycine)、半胱胺酸(cysteine)、絲胺酸(serine)、組胺酸(histidine)、纈胺酸(valine)、脯氨酸(proline)、離胺酸(lysine)、天冬醯胺酸(asparagine)、麩醯胺酸(glutamine)、核糖(ribose)、葡萄糖(glucose)、半乳糖(galactose)、果糖(fructose)、麥芽糖(maltose)、麥芽三糖(maltotriose)、關華豆膠(guargum)、三仙膠(xanthan gum)、黃蓍膠(tragacanth gum)、矽酸鎂鋁(veegum)等等。
一般而言,該配方的平衡可以是基質。因此該左聚糖和菊糖基質的百分比可達到100%。依據本發明有用的第二基質形成劑的數量可在自約0至約90%的範圍。
在本發明的一具體例中,左聚糖在該組成物中是主要的基質形成劑。在另一個具體例中,菊糖在該組成物中是主要的基質形成劑。在又另一個具體例中,該組成物進一步包含有甘露糖醇或棉子糖或菌藻糖或它們的組合作為第二基質形成劑。
在一具體例中,左聚糖和菊糖是該等基質形成劑,包含有10-99.99%得自該組成物的全部重量。在另一個具體例
中,左聚糖和菊糖包含有30-85%得自該組成物的全部重量。在又另一個具體例中,左聚糖和菊糖包含有40-70%得自該組成物的全部重量。在又另一個具體例中,左聚糖和菊糖包含有50-65%得自該組成物的全部重量。
在其他具體例中,甘露糖醇或菌藻糖或棉子糖或它們的組合被使用作為第二基質形成劑,包含有0-89.99%得自該組成物的全部重量。在一具體例中,這些第二基質形成劑包含有15-50%得自該組成物的全部重量。在另一個具體例中,這些第二基質形成劑包含有25-50%得自該組成物的全部重量。
因此,一本發明的組成物可以是包含有左聚糖和菊糖作為主要基質形成劑以及甘露糖醇或菌藻糖或棉子糖(或它們的組合)作為第二基質形成劑的一者,具有左聚糖和菊糖構成10-99.99%(成分的所有%是w/w,意指所提到的成分的重量得自所組合的組成物的所有構成的重量),以及該第二基質形成劑構成0-89.99%(典型地25-50%)。該活性成分的含量可典型地(但是非專有地)上達90%的全部組成物,典型地在0.01-70%的範圍,視該活性成分的性質而定。在一具體例中,該活性成分包含有0.01-1%得自該組成物的全部重量。在另一個具體例中,該活性成分包含有0.5-2%得自該組成物的全部重量。在又另一個具體例中,該活性成分包含有5-30%得自該組成物的全部重量。在其他具體例中該活性成分包含有20-40%得自該組成物的全部重量。在又其他具體例中,該活性成分包含有60-90%得自該組成物的
全部重量。
在一具體例中,本發明的組成物不含有魚明膠。在另一個具體例中。本發明的組成物不含有一修飾澱粉(modified starch)。在另一個具體例中,本發明的組成物不含有聚三葡萄糖組合以一胺基酸。在另一個具體例中,本發明的組成物不含有麥芽糊精組合以山梨糖醇。
“崩解時間”和“溶解時間”在此被交換地使用並且應該被瞭解以意指在一水性溶液或在口腔內以唾液溶解或崩解一本發明的組成物所需的時間。
在此所使用的“口服溶解時間”應該被瞭解以意指在口腔中溶解一本發明的組成物所需的時間。
如在此所使用的“迅速(rapid)/快速崩解(fast disintegration)/溶解”應該被瞭解包含在30秒內(典型地在10秒內以及在甚至9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2或1秒內的時間)崩解至少80%的本發明的一組成物,典型地90%以及更典型地100%的該組成物在一水性介質或在唾液(在口腔內)。
如在此所使用的一水性分質的實例是水或一緩衝液[例如磷酸二氫鉀(potassium dihydrogen phosphate)、磷酸氫二鉀(dipotassium hydrogen phosphate)、磷酸氫鈉(sodium hydrogen phosphate)]或如由Morjaria et.al(May 2004),Dissolution Technologies 12-15所描述的人工唾液。
如在此所使用的唾液意指在一哺乳動物(特別地一人類)的口腔中的唾液。
如在此所使用的“抗張強度”應該被瞭解為由三點彎曲
試驗所測量的需要破碎一錠劑的力,其中該錠劑進行一彎曲應力(bending stress)(Mohd et al.(2002),Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 28(7):809-813)。
在一具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一在約0.05-1.6N/mm2的範圍內的抗張強度。在另一個具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一在約0.05-1.4N/mm2的範圍內的抗張強度。在又另一個具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一在約0.1-0.3 N/mm2的範圍內的抗張強度。
設想的是:本發明的一藥學組成物具有一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。在一具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少90%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在一具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一在約0.05-1.6 N/mm2的範圍內的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在另一個具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一藥學活性成分的藥學組成物,其具有一在約0.05至1.4 N/mm2之間的範圍內的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在另一個具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一藥學活
性成分的藥學組成物,其具有一在約0.1至0.3 N/mm2之間的範圍的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在一具體例中,本發明的一藥學組成物具有一在約0.05至1.6 N/mm2的範圍內的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少90%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在另一個具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一藥學活性成分的藥學組成物,其具有一在約0.05至1.4 N/mm2之間的範圍內的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少90%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
在另一個具體例中,本發明提供一種包含有一藥學活性成分的藥學組成物,其具有一在約0.1至0.3 N/mm2之間的範圍的抗張強度以及一迅速崩解/溶解率,藉此至少90%的該組成物在30秒內(典型地在10秒內)被溶解在一水性介質或在唾液中。
該開放式基質網狀物使一液體能夠經由該等空隙進入該劑量形式並且滲透穿過它的內部。由水性介質(諸如唾液、水等等)的滲透暴露該劑量形式的內部和外部這兩者的載體材料至該水性介質或唾液的作用,藉此載體材料的網狀物被迅速地崩解/溶解。
該開放式基質結構具有一多孔性質並且如相較於普通
的固體形狀的藥學劑量形式[諸如(顆粒化和壓縮的)錠劑、丸劑(pills)、膠囊(capsules)、栓劑(suppositories)和陰道藥栓(pessaries)]增強該劑量形式的崩解。迅速崩解導致迅速釋放由該基質所攜帶的該活性成分。
在本發明中,該開放式基質網狀物的載體材料是左聚糖或它的一衍生物組合以菊糖或它的一衍生物。
左聚糖[亦被命名為發酵劑(leaven)、左旋聚糖(levulosan)、多聚果糖(polyfructosan)、多果糖(polyfructose)和聚果聚醣(polylevulan)]是果糖C6H12O6的一聚合物。左聚糖是一具有β-(2->6)鍵聯在果糖環之間的多醣,其中數目描述在被連接的果糖環的碳原子以及β描述立體化學關係(stereochemical relationship)。左聚糖亦已被描述為聚果糖(fructans),其中在D-果呋喃糖苷(D-fructofuranoside)單體單位之間的主要醣苷鍵聯(glycosidic linkage)是β-(2->6)。該等左聚糖一般而言由微生物所製造並且不存在高分子量化合物在植物中。一些具有一小於100,000道耳頓的分子量的低分子量左聚糖可發生在禾草(grasses)。
如在此所使用的“左聚糖”應該被瞭解為包含衍生自任何一或多個來源的左聚糖,諸如但不限於:A.indicus、雜色曲菌(A.versicolor)、次氧化醋菌(Acetobacter suboxydans)、無色桿菌屬物種(Achromobacter spp.)、放射菌物種(Actinomycenes sp.)、黏放線菌(Actinomyces viscosus)、產氣桿菌(Aerobacter aerogenes)、產果聚糖氣桿菌(Aerobacter levanicum)、薩氏曲黴(Aspergillus sydowi)、
圓褐固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)、多黏芽孢桿菌(Bacillus polymyxa)、地衣芽孢桿菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、浸麻芽孢桿菌(Bacillus macerans)、巨桿菌(Bacillus megatherium)、糖化菌(Bacillus mesentericus)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、馬鈴薯桿菌(Bacillus vulgatus)、產左旋糖棒桿菌(Corynbacterium laevaniformans)、草生歐文氏菌(Erwinia herbicola)、氧化葡糖酸桿菌(Gluconobacter oxydans)、腸系膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)、黏液牙黴菌(Odontomyces viscosus)、玻璃植物桿菌(Phytobacterium vitrosum)、桃李植物單胞菌(Phytomonas pruni)、螢光假單胞菌(Psuedomonas Fluorescens)、丁香假單胞菌(Pseudomonas Syringae)、栖李假單胞菌(Pseudomonas prunicola)、齲齒羅菌(Rothis dentocariosa)、基利恩沙雷菌(Serratia kiliensis)、牛鏈球菌(Steptococcus bovis)、變異鏈球菌(Steptococcus mutans)、嗜熱唾液鏈球菌(Steptococcus salivarius)、野油菜黃假單孢菌(Xanthomonas campestris)、桃李黄單胞菌(Xanthomonas pruni)、運動發酵單孢菌(Zymomonas mobilis)等等。在一特別的具體例中,該左聚糖被獲得自發酵單孢菌屬(Zymomonas)和芽孢桿菌屬物種(Bacillus species)。在一更特別的具體例中,該左聚糖被獲得自運動發酵單孢菌(Zymomonas mobilis)。
應該被瞭解的是:左聚糖(例如,如被描述在WO98/03184)的衍生物亦可被使用代替左聚糖。
菊糖是典型地具有一末端葡萄糖(terminal glucose)的
果糖C6H12O6的一聚合物。菊糖是一具有β-(2->1)鍵聯在果糖環之間的多醣,其中數目描述在被連接的果糖環的碳原子以及β描述立體化學關係。該等菊糖藉由許多類型的植物而被產生。
如在此所使用的菊糖應該被瞭解為包含衍生自任何一或多個來源的菊糖,諸如但不限於含有高濃度的菊糖的植物,包括但不限於:土木香(Elecampane)[土木香(Inula helenium)];蒲公英(Dandelion)[西洋蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale)];山藥(Wild Yam)[薯蕷屬物種(Dioscorea spp.)];洋薑(Jerusalem artichokes)[菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)];菊苣(Chicory)[歐洲菊苣(Cichorium intybus)];樹薯(Jicama)[豆薯(Pachyrhizus erosus)];牛蒡(Burdock)[牛蒡(Arctium lappa)];洋蔥(Onion)[洋蔥(Allium cepa)];大蒜(Garlic)[蒜(Allium sativum)];龍舌蘭(Agave)[龍舌蘭物種(Agave spp.)];雪蓮薯(Yacón)[菊薯(Smallanthus sonchifolius spp.]以及北美百合科(Camas)[雛百合屬物種(Camassia spp.)]。在一特別具體例中,該菊糖被獲得自菊苣(Chicory)[歐洲菊苣(Cichorium intybus)]。
該藥學活性成分可包含任何藥學成分,諸如一藥物(drug)、一化合物、一胜肽、一多肽、一核苷酸等等。
可藉由本發明的開放式基質網狀物而被攜帶的藥物的非限制性實例是鎮痛劑(analgesics)、α阻斷劑(alpha blockers)、抗-過敏(anti-allergy)、抗-氣喘(anti-asthma)、[過敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis)、慢性蕁麻疹(chronic uticaria)]、
抗炎劑(anti-inflammatory)、抗酸劑(antacids)、驅蟲劑(anthelmintics)、抗心律不整劑(anti-arrhythmic agents)、抗-關節炎(anti-arthritis)、抗-細菌(anti-bacterial)、抗-焦慮(anti-anxiety)、抗-凝血劑(anti-coagulants)、抗憂鬱劑(anti-depressants)、抗糖尿病藥(anti-diabetics)、抗腹瀉藥(anti-diarrheals)、抗-利尿劑(anti-diuretics)、抗癲癇劑(anti-epileptics)、抗真菌(anti-fungal)、抗痛風(anti-gout)、抗-高血壓(anti-hypertensive)、抗-失禁(anti-incontinence)、抗-失眠(anti-insomnia)、抗瘧疾藥(anti-malarials)、抗偏頭痛藥(anti-migraine)、抗-毒蕈鹼(anti-muscarinic)、抗癌藥(anti-neoplastic)和免疫抑制劑(immunosuppressants)、抗原蟲藥(anti-protozoal)、抗-風濕藥(anti-rheumatics)、抗-鼻炎(anti-rhinitis)、抗-痙攣的(anti-spasmatic)、抗-甲狀腺(anti-thyroid)、抗病毒藥(antivirals)、抗焦慮藥(anxiolytics)、鎮靜劑(sedatives)、安眠藥(hypnotics)和抗精神病藥物(neuroleptics)、β-阻斷劑(beta-blockers)、抗良性增生(anti-benign hyperplasia,BHP)、心肌收縮藥(cardiac inotropic)、皮質類固醇(corticosteroids)、鎮咳藥(cough suppressants)、細胞毒性劑(cytotoxics)、解充血劑(decongestants)、糖尿病性胃滯留(diabetic gastric stasis)、利尿劑(diuretics)、酵素(enzymes)、抗帕金森病藥(anti-parkinsonian)、胃腸的(gastro-intestinal)、組織胺受體拮抗劑(histamine receptor antagonists)、不孕(infertility)、子宮內膜異位(endometriosis)、激素替代療法(hormone
replacement therapy)、脂質調節劑(lipid regulating agents)、局部麻醉劑(local anesthetics)、神經肌肉劑(neuromuscular agents)、硝酸鹽和抗心絞痛劑(nitrates and anti-anginal agents)、月經異常(menstrual disorders)、動暈症(motion sickness)、抗痛素(anti-pain)、止吐(anti-nausea)、運動障礙(movement disorders)、營養劑(nutritional agents)、類鴉片止痛劑(opioid analgesics)、口服疫苗(oral vaccines)、蛋白質(proteins)、胜肽(peptides)和重組藥(recombinant drugs)、預防化學治療誘發的和術後的噁心和嘔吐質子泵抑制劑(chemotherapy induced and post operative nausea and vomiting proton pump inhibitors)、精神分裂症(schizophrenia)、性激素(sex hormones)和避孕藥(contraceptives)、癲癇(seizure)/恐慌症(panic disorder)、性功能障礙(sexual dysfunction)(男性和女性)、殺精子劑(spermicides)、興奮劑(stimulants)、排尿功能障礙(voiding dysfunctions)、獸醫藥品(veterinary medicines)等等。
這些藥物的特別非限制性實例是:α阻斷劑(alfa blockers):坦索羅辛(tamsulosine)
止痛劑和抗炎劑:阿司匹靈(aspirin)、阿洛潑林(aloxiprin)、金諾芬(auranofin)、阿扎丙酮(azapropazone)、貝諾酯(benorylate)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、依託度酸(etodolac)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、菲諾洛芬鈣(fenoprofen calcium)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、甲氯滅酸
(meclofenamic acid)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、萘布美酮(nabumetone)、那普洛先(naproxen)、奧沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、羥基保泰松(oxyphenbutazone)、苯丁唑酮(phenylbutazone)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、蘇林達克(sulindac)、乙醯胺苯酚(paracetamol)。
抗酸劑:氫氧化鋁(aluminum hydroxide)、碳酸鎂(magnesium carbonate)、三矽酸鎂(magnesium trisilicate)、水滑石(hydrotalcite)、矽靈(dimethicone)。
驅蟲劑:阿苯達唑(albendazole)、羥萘苄芬寧(bephenium hydroxynaphthoate)、坎苯達唑(cambendazole)、二氯酚(dichlorophen)、依維菌素(ivermectin)、美邊達挫(mebendazole)、奥沙尼喹(oxamniquine)、奧芬噠唑(oxfendazole)、間酚嘧啶(oxantel embonate)、吡喹酮(praziquantel)、雙羥萘酸噻嘧啶(pyrantel embonate)、噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole)。
抗過敏:地氯雷他定(des loratidine)、氯雷他定(loratidine)、孟魯司特(montelukast)、孟魯司特鈉(montelukast sodium)、西替利臻(Cetirizin)、非索非那定(fexofenadin)、艾巴停(Ebastine)。
抗心律不整劑:胺碘酮HCl(amiodarone HCl)、達舒平(disopyramide)、醋酸氟卡尼(flecainide acetate)、硫酸奎尼丁(quinidine sulphate)。
抗菌劑(anti-bacterial agents):苯明青黴素(benethamine penicillin)、西諾沙星(cinoxacin)、環丙沙星HCl
(ciprofloxacin HCl)、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、克風敏(clofazimine)、氯唑西林(cloxacillin)、地美環素(demeclocycline)、多西環素(doxycycline)、紅黴素(erythromycin)、乙硫異煙胺(ethionamide)、亞胺培南(imipenem)、萘啶酮酸(nalidixic acid)、呋喃妥英(nitrofurantoin)、立復黴素(rifampicin)、史黴素(spiramycin)、苯甲醯磺胺(sulphabenzamide)、周效磺胺(sulphadoxine)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(sulphamerazine)、磺胺醋醯(sulphacetamide)、磺胺嘧啶(sulphadiazine)、磺胺異噁唑(sulphafurazole)、(sulphamethoxazole)、磺胺吡啶(sulphapyridine)、四環黴素(tetracycline)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)。
抗-凝血劑:雙香豆素(dicoumarol)、雙嘧達莫(dipyridamole)、新抗凝(nicoumalone)、非尼二酮(phenindione)。
抗憂鬱劑:阿莫沙平(amoxapine)、苯嘧吲哚(ciclazindol)、嗎普替林HCl(maprotiline HCl)、米安舍林HCl(mianserin HCl)、去甲替林HCl(nortriptyline HCl)、曲唑酮(trazodone HCl)、馬來酸三甲丙咪嗪(trimipramine maleate)。
抗糖尿病藥:乙醯苯磺醯環己脲(acetohexamide)、氯磺丙脲(chlorpropamide)、格列本脲(glibenclamide)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、妥拉磺脲(tolazamide)、甲苯磺丁脲(tolbutamide)。
抗腹瀉藥:硫酸阿托品(atropine sulphate)、磷酸可待因
(codeine phosphate)、co-phenotrope、地芬諾新(difenoxin)、鹽酸洛哌丁胺(loperamide hydrochloride)、柳氮磺胺吡啶(suphasolazine)、美沙拉嗪(mesalazine)、奧撒拉嗪(olsalazine)、皮質類固醇(corticosteroids)、去氫皮質醇(prednisolone)。
抗-利尿劑:去氨加壓素(desmopressin)、醋酸去氨加壓素(desmopressin acetate)。
抗癲癇藥(anti-epileptics):貝克拉(beclamide)、卡巴馬平(carbamazepine)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam)、乙妥英(ethotoin)、美索因(methoin)、甲琥胺(methsuximide)、甲苯比妥(methylphenobarbitone)、奧卡西平(oxcarbazepine)、帕臘二酮(paramethadione)、苯乙醯脲(phenacemide)、苯巴比通(phenobarbitone)、苯妥英(phenytoin)、苯琥胺(phensuximide)、普裡米酮(primidone)、舒噻嗪(sulthiame)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)。
抗真菌劑(anti-fungal agents):雙性黴素(amphotericin)、硝酸布康唑(butoconazole nitrate)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、硝酸益康唑(econazole nitrate)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、氟胞嘧啶(flucytosine)、灰黃黴素(griseofulvin)、依他康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、咪可納唑(miconazole)、納他黴素(natamycin)、制黴菌素(nystatin)、硝酸硫可吖唑(sulconazole nitrate)、特比萘芬HCl(terbinafine HCl)、特康唑(terconazole)、噻康唑(tioconazole)、十一烯酸(undecenoic
acid)。
抗痛風劑(anti-gout agents):安樂普利諾(allopurinol)、丙磺舒(probenecid)、苯磺唑酮(sulphinpyrazone)。
抗-高血壓劑(anti-hypertensive agents):氨氯地平(amlopidine)、比尼地平(benidipine)、達羅地平(darodipine)、迪太贊HCl(dilitazem HCl)、二氮嗪(diazoxide)、非洛地平(felodipine)、乙酸氯壓胍(guanabenz acetate)、吲哚拉明(indoramin)、伊拉地平(isradipine)、敏諾西代(minoxidil)、尼卡地平HCl(nicardipine HCl)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼莫地平(nimodipine)、苯氧苄胺HCl(phenoxybenzamine HCl)、哌唑嗪HCl(prazosin HCl)、蛇根鹼(reserpine)、特拉唑嗪HCl(terazosin HCl)。
抗-失眠:唑吡坦(zolpidem)
抗瘧疾(anti-malaria):阿莫地喹(amodiaquine)、氯奎(chloroquine)、氯丙胍HCl(chloroproguanil HCl)、鹵泛群HCl(halofantrine HCl)、美爾奎寧HCl(mefloquine HCl)、氯胍HCl(proguanil HCl)、比利美胺(pyrimethamine)、硫酸奎寧(quinine sulphate)。
抗偏頭痛劑(anti-migraine agents):利扎曲坦(rizatriptan)、二氫麥角胺甲磺酸鹽(dihydroergotamine mesylate)、酒石酸麥角胺(ergotamine tartrate)、馬來酸二甲麥角新鹼(methysergide maleate)、蘋馬來酸苯噻啶(pizotifen maleate)、琥珀酸舒馬普坦(sumatriptan succinate)、咖啡因(caffeine)。
抗-毒蕈鹼劑(anti-muscarinic agents):羥丁寧(oxybutinin)、托特羅定(tolterodin)、阿托平(atropine)、苯海索HCl(benzhexol HCl)、比哌立登(biperiden)、愛普把嗪HCl(ethopropazine HCl)、丁溴東莨菪鹼(hyoscine butyl bromide)、莨菪鹼(hyoscyamine)、美噴酯(mepenzolate bromide)、奧芬那君(orphenadrine)、羥苄利明HCl(oxyphencylcimine HCl)、托吡卡胺(tropicamide)。
抗癌劑(anti-neoplastic agents)和免疫抑制劑:氨魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、安吖啶(amsacrine)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprene)、白消安(busulphan)、氯芥苯丁酸(chlorambucil)、環孢素(cyclosporin)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、雌氮芥(estramustine)、依托泊甘(etoposide)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、黴法蘭(melphalan)、巰嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、絲裂黴素(mitomycin)、米托坦(mitotane)、米托蒽醌(mitozantrone)、丙卡巴肼HCl(procarbazine HCl)、檸檬酸它莫西芬(tamoxifen citrate)、睾內酯(testolactone)。
抗原蟲劑(anti-protozoal agents):苄硝唑(benznidazole)、氯碘羥喹(clioquinol)、地可喹酯(decoquinate)、雙碘羥喹啉(diiodohydroxyquinoline)、糠酸二氯尼特(diloxanide furcate)、二硝托胺(dinitolmide)、呋喃唑酮(furzolidone)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、尼莫唑(nimorazole)、硝糠腙(nitrofurazone)、奧硝唑(ornidazole)、替硝唑(tinidazole)。
抗-風濕藥:布洛芬(ibuprofen)、醋氯芬酸(aceclofenac)、阿西美辛(acemetacin)、阿扎丙酮(azapropazone)、雙氯芬酸鈉(diclofenac sodium)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、依託度酸(etodolac)、苯酮苯丙酸(ketoprofen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、萘普生(naproxen)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、阿司匹靈(aspirin)、貝諾酯(benorylate)、金諾芬(auranofin)、青黴胺(penicillamine)。
抗-鼻炎、抗-蕁麻疹(anti-uticaria):西替利嗪(cetirizin)、菲索特芬那定(fexofenadin)、依巴斯汀(ebastine)、羅拉替定(loratidin)、孟魯司特(montelukast)
抗-痙攣的:無水間本三酚(phloroglucinol anhydre)
抗-甲狀腺劑(anti-thyroid agents):卡比馬唑(carbimazole)、丙基硫脲嘧啶(propylthiouracil)。
抗病毒藥:艾賽可威(acyclovir)、鹽酸金剛烷胺(amantadine hydrochloride)、法昔洛韋(famciclovir)、齊多夫定(zidovadine)、地丹諾辛(didanosine)、扎西他賓(zalcitabine)、膦甲酸鈉(foscarnet sodium)。
抗焦慮藥、鎮靜劑、安眠藥和抗精神病藥物:三氮二氮平(alprazolam)、異戊巴比妥(amylobarbitone)、巴比妥(barbitone)、苯他西泮(bentazepam)、溴西泮(bromazepam)、溴哌利多(bromperidol)、溴替唑侖(brotizolam)、丁巴比妥(butobarbitone)、卡溴脲(carbromal)、氯二氮平(chlordiazepoxide)、氯芬尼拉明(chlorpheniramine)、氯美噻
唑(chlormethiazole)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、氯巴佔(clobazam)、氯硝西泮(clonazepan)、氯噻西泮(clotiazepam)、氯氮平(clozapine)、二氮平(diazepam)、氟呱利多(droperidol)、炔己蟻胺(ethinamate)、氟阿尼酮(flunanisone)、氟硝西泮(flunitrazepam)、三氟丙嗪(fluopromazine)、氟哌噻吨癸酸酯(flupenthixol decanoate)、氟非那嗪癸酸酯(fluphenazine decanoate)、氟西泮(flurazepam)、氟派啶醇(haloperidol)、勞拉西泮(lorazepam)、氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)、美達西泮(medazepam)、美普巴邁(meprobamate)、甲喹酮(methaqualone)、咪達唑侖(midazolam)、硝西泮(nitrazepam)、奧沙西泮(oxazepam)、戊巴比妥(pentobarbitone)、羥哌氯丙嗪脫羥腎上腺素(perphenazine phenylephrine)、匹莫齊特(pimozide)、普魯氯嗪(prochlorperazine)、假麻黃鹼HCL(pseudoephedrine HCL)、斯比樂(sulpride)、替馬西泮(temazepam)、硫利達井(thioridazine)、三唑侖(triazolam)、佐匹克隆(zopiclone)。
β-阻斷劑:醋丁洛爾(acebutolol)、阿普洛爾(alprenolol)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、拉貝洛爾(labetalol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、納多洛爾(nadolol)、氧烯洛爾(oxprenolol)、心得樂(pindolol)、普萘洛爾(propanolol)。
心肌收縮劑(Cardiac inotropic agents):氨利酮(amrinone)、毛地黃苷(digitoxin)、地谷新(digoxin)、依諾昔酮(enoximone)、毛花甙C(lanatoside C)、甲基地谷新
(medigoxin)。
皮質類固醇:倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、醋酸皮質酮(cortisone acetate)、去氧米松(desoxymethasone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、醋酸氟氫可的松(fludrocortiscne acetate)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、氟可龍(flucortolone)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone)、甲基普立朗(methylprednisolone)、去氫皮質醇(prednisolone)、普賴松(prednisone)、去炎松(triamcinolone)。
鎮咳藥:磷酸可待因(codeine phosphate)、右美沙芬(dexomethorphan)、癒創木酚甘油醚(guaifenesin)、福爾可定(pholcodine)、海洛英(diamorphine)、美沙酮(methadone)。
細胞毒性劑:依弗醯胺(ifosfamide)、氯氨布西(chlorambucil)、黴法蘭(melphalan)、白消安(busulphan)、細胞毒性抗體(cytotoxic antibodies)、多索柔比星(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、光神黴素(plicamycin)、博來黴素(bleomycin)、甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、吉西他濱(gencitabine)、氟脲嘧啶(fluorouracil)、巰嘌呤(mercaptopurine)、硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)、長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春花鹼(vinblastine)、長春地辛(vindesine)、依託泊苷(etoposide)。
解充血劑:鹽酸假麻黃鹼(pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride)
利尿劑:乙醯唑胺(acetazolamide)、阿米洛利(amiloride)、芐氟噻嗪(bendrofluazide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)、氯噻嗪(chlorothiazide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、利尿酸(ethacrynic acid)、呋塞米(frusemide)、美托拉宗(metolazone)、螺甾內酯(spironolactone)、三氨蝶呤(triamterene)。
酵素:胰酶(pancreatin)、胃蛋白酶(pepsin)、脂酶(1ipase)。
癲癇:加巴噴丁(gabapentin)
抗帕金森病藥(anti-parkinsonian agents):甲磺酸溴隱亭(bromocriptine mesylate)、馬來酸麥角乙脲(lysuride maleate)、司來吉蘭(selegiline)、對氟司來吉蘭(para-fluoroselegiline)、拉扎貝胺(lazabemide)、雷沙吉蘭(rasagiline)、2-BUMP{N-(2-丁基)-N-甲基炔丙胺[N-(2-butyl)-N-methylpropargylamine]}、M-2-PP{N-甲基-N-(2-戊基)-炔丙胺[N-methyl-N-(2-pentyl)-propargylamine]}、MDL-72145{β-(氟亞甲基)-3,4-二甲氧基-苯乙胺[beta-(fluoromethylene)-3,4-dimethoxy-benzeneethanamine]}、莫非吉蘭(mofegiline)、阿樸嗎啡鹼(apomorphine)、N-丙基去甲阿撲啡(N-propylnoraporphine)、卡麥角林(cabergoline)、麥角苄酯(metergoline)、那高利特(naxagolide)、培高利特(pergolide)、吡貝地爾(piribedil)、
羅平尼咯(ropinirole)、特麥角脲(terguride)、喹高利特(quinagolide)。
胃腸劑(Gastro-intestinal agents):比沙可啶(bisacodyl)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、西沙必利(cisapride)、地芬諾酯HCl(diphenoxylate HCl)、多潘立酮(domperidone)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、法莫替丁(famotidine)、洛派丁胺(loperamide)、美沙拉嗪(mesalazine)、尼扎替丁(nizatidine)、艾美拉唑(esomeprazole)、美托哌丙嗪(metopimazine)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、恩丹西酮HCl(ondansetron HCl)、格雷西隆(Granisetron)、托烷司瓊(tropisetron)、多拉司瓊(dolasetron)、雷尼替丁(ranitidine HCl)、柳氮磺吡啶(sulphasalazine)。蘭索拉唑(Lanzoprazole),組織胺受體拮抗劑:阿伐斯汀(acrivastine)、阿司咪唑(astemizole)、桂利嗪(cinnarizine)、賽克利嗪(cyclizine)、賽庚啶HCl(cyproheptadine HCl)、茶苯海明(dimenhydrinate)、氟桂利嗪HCl(flunarizine HCl)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、美克洛嗪(meclozine HCl)、奧沙米特(oxatomide)、特非那定(terfenadine)、曲普利啶(triprolidine)。
激素替代療法:去氫孕酮(dydrogesterone)
高血壓(hypertension):依那普利(enalapril)
泌乳(1actation):催產素(oxytocin)、催產素促效劑(oxytocin agonists)
脂質調節劑:苯扎貝特(bezafibrate)、對氯苯氧異丁酸
乙酯(clofibrate)、非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、吉非貝齊(gemfibrozil)、普羅布考(probucol)。
局部麻醉劑:阿美索卡因(amethocaine)、阿米洛卡因(amylocaine)、苯佐卡因(benzocaine)、丁吖卡因(bucricaine)、布比卡因(bupivacaine)、布他卡因(butacaine)、布坦卡因(butanilicaine)、丁托西卡因(butoxycaine)、胺基安息香酸丁酯(butyl aminobenzoate)、卡鐵卡因(carticaine)、氯普魯卡因(chloroprocaine)、氯普魯卡因(cinchocaine)、氯丁卡因(clibucaine)、氯美卡因(clormecaine)、古柯(coca)、古柯鹼(cocaine)、環美卡因(cyclomethycaine)、奎尼卡因(dimethisoquin)、地呱冬(diperodon)、達克羅寧(dyclocaine)、氯乙烷(ethyl chloride)、乙基p-哌啶基乙醯胺苯甲酸酯(ethyl p-piperidinoacetylaminobenzoate)、依替卡因(etidocaine)、海克卡因(hexylcaine)、氨苯異丁酯(isobutamben)、凱托卡因(ketocaine)、利諾卡因(lignocaine)、馬比佛卡因(mepivacaine)、美普卡因(meprylcaine)、麥替卡因(myrtecaine)、奧他卡因(octacaine)、奧昔卡因(oxethazaine)、奧布卡因(oxybuprocaine)、對乙氧卡因(parethoxycaine)、普莫卡因(pramoxine)、丙胺卡因(prilocaine)、普羅卡因(procaine)、丙美卡因(propranocaine)、丙氧卡因(propoxycaine)、丙氧間卡因(proxymetacaine)、羅呱卡因(ropivacaine)、托利卡因(tolycaine)、三卡因(tricaine)、三甲卡因(trimecaine)、伐多卡因(vadocaine)。
動暈症:二苯胺明(diphenhydramine)
神經肌肉劑:吡斯的明(pyridostigmine)。
硝酸鹽和抗心絞痛劑:硝酸戊酯(amyl nitrate)、三硝酸甘油酯(glyceryl trinitrate)、硝酸異山梨酯(isosorbide dinitrate)、單硝酸異山梨酯(isosorbide mononitrate)、四硝酸新戊四酯(pentaerythritol tetranitrate)。
營養劑:β胡蘿蔔素(betacarotene)、維生素(諸如維生素A、維生素B2、維生素D、維生素E、維生素K)、礦物質。
類鴉片止痛劑:可待因(codeine)、右旋丙氧吩(dextropropyoxyphene)、海洛因(diamorphine)、二氫可待因(dihydrocodeine)、美普他酚(meptazinol)、美沙酮(methadone)、嗎啡(morphine)、納布芬(nalbuphine)、潘他唑新(pentazocine)。
口服疫苗:預防或降低下列疾病的症狀:諸如流行性感冒(influenza)、結核病(tuberculosis)、腦膜炎(meningitis)、肝炎(hepatitis)、百日咳(whooping cough)、小兒麻痺症(polio)、破傷風(tetanus)、白喉(diphtheria)、瘧疾(malaria)、霍亂(cholera)、皰疹(herpes)、傷寒(typhoid)、HIV、AIDS、麻疹(measles)、萊姆病(lyme disease)、旅行者腹瀉(traveller’s Diarrhea)、A、B和C型肝炎(Hepatitis A,B and C)、中耳炎(otitis media)、登革熱(dengue fever)、狂犬病(rabies)、副流行性感冒(parainfluenza)、德國麻疹(rubella)、黃熱病(yellow fever)、痢疾(dysentery)、退伍軍人症(legionnaires disease)、弓蟲症(toxoplasmosis)、Q-熱
(Q-fever)、出血熱(haemorrhegic fever)、阿根廷出血熱(argentina haemorrhegic fever)、骨疽(caries)、查加斯病(chagas disease)、由大腸桿菌所引起的尿路感染(urinary tract infection caused by E.coli)、肺炎鏈球菌疾病(pneumococcal disease)、流行性腮腺炎(mumps)、屈公病(chikungunya)、乾草熱(hayfever)、氣喘(asthma)、類風濕性關節炎(rheumatoid arthritis)、癌(carcinomas)、球蟲病(coccidiosis)、新城雞瘟(newcastle disease)、地方性肺炎(enzootic pneumonia)、貓白血病(feline leukemia)、萎縮性鼻炎(atrophic rhinitis)、丹毒(erysipelas)、口蹄疫(foot and mouth disease)和豬肺炎(swine pneumonia),或者預防或降低由下列所引起的疾病的症狀:弧菌屬物種(Vibrio species)、沙門氏菌物種(Salmonella species)、包台拉菌屬物種(Bordetella species)、嗜血桿菌屬物種(Haemophilus species)、弓漿蟲(Toxoplasmosis gondii)、細胞巨大病毒(Cytomegalovirus)、披衣菌屬物種(Chlamydia species)、鏈球菌物種(Streptococcal species)、諾瓦克病毒(Norwalk Virus)、大腸桿菌(Escherischia coli)、幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori)、輪狀病毒(Rotavirus)、淋病雙球菌(Neisseria gonorrhae)、腦膜炎雙球菌(Neisseria meningiditis)、腺病毒(Adenovirus)、艾伯斯坦-巴爾病毒(Epstein Barr Virus)、日本腦炎病毒(Japanese Encephalitis Virus)、肺胞囊蟲(Pneumocystis carini)、單純泡疹(Herpes simplex)、梭菌物種(Clostridia species)、呼吸道融合性病毒
(Respiratory Syncytial Virus)、克留氏菌屬物種(Klebsiella species)、志賀桿菌屬物種(Shigella species)、綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、小病毒(Parvovirus)、曲狀桿菌屬物種(Campylobacter species)、立克次體屬物種(Rickettsia species)、水痘帶狀皰疹(Varicella zoster)、耶氏桿菌物種(Yersinia species)、羅氏河病毒(Ross River Virus)、J.C.病毒(J.C.Virus)、馬棒狀桿菌(Rhodococcus equi)、卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)、伯氏疏螺旋菌(Borrelia burgdorferi)和溶血性巴氏桿菌(Pasteurella haemolytica)。
排尿功能障礙:坦索羅辛(Tamsulosine)、曲司氯銨(trospium chloride)、托特羅定(tolterodine)、羥丁寧(oxybutinin)
蛋白質、胜肽和重組藥:重組激素(recombinant hormones)和功激素重組細胞介質(iso-hormones recombinant cytokines)、重組纖維蛋白溶酶原(recombinant plasminogens)、TNF受體融合蛋白(TNF receptor fusion protein)、單株抗體(monoclonal antibodies)、核苷酸(nucleic acids)、反股寡核苷酸(antisense oligonucleotides)、寡核苷酸(oligonucleotides)、醣蛋白和黏著分子(glycoproteins and adhesion molecules)。
家畜關節炎(veterinary arthiritis):替泊沙林(tepoxalin)
性激素和避孕藥:克羅米酚檸檬酸鹽(clomiphene citrate)、達那唑(danazol)、去氧孕烯(desogestrel)、乙炔雌二醇(ethinyloestradiol)、炔諾醇(ethynodiol)、雙醋炔諾醇
(ethynodiol diacetate)、左炔諾孕酮(levonorgestrel)、醋酸甲羥助孕酮(medroxyprogesterone acetate)、美雌醇(mestranol)、甲基睪固酮(methyltestosterone)、降雄甾炔酮(norethisterone)、庚酸炔諾酮(norethisterone enanthate)、炔諾孕酮(norgestrel)、雌二醇(estradiol)、結合型雌激素(conjugated estrogens)、去氫孕酮(dydrogesterone)、黃體酮(progesterone)、司坦唑醇(stanozolol)、二苯乙烯雌酚(stilboestrol)、睪固酮(testosterone)、替勃龍(tibolone)。
精神分裂症(schizophrenia);奧氮平(olanzapine)、麥角溴菸鹼酯(nicergoline)
性功能障礙:卡麥角林(cabergolin)、催產素(oxytocin)、他達拉非(tadalafil)、昔多芬(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)
殺精子劑:壬苯醇醚9(nonoxynol 9)。
興奮劑:安非他命(amphetamine)、右旋苯丙胺(dexamphetamine)、右芬氟拉明(dexfenfluramine)、氟苯丙胺(fenfluramine)、馬吲哚(mazindol)、匹莫林(pemoline)
在一特別的、非限制性具體例中,該活性成分是醋酸去氨加壓素(desmopressin acetate)。在這個具體例中,該劑量形式可被使用在避免延遲(postponement)或在治療或預防失禁(incontinence)、原發性夜遺尿(primary nocturnal enuresis,PNE)、夜尿症(nocturia)或中樞性尿崩症(central diabetes insipidus)。在一具體例中,在該組成物中醋酸去氨加壓素的數量包含有0.01-2.00%w/w。在另一個具體例中,
在該組成物中醋酸去氨加壓素的數量包含有0.04-1.00%w/w。
在一特別的、非限制性具體例中,該活性成分是氯雷他定(loratidine)。在這個具體例中,該劑量形式可被使用例如緩解過敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis)和慢性自發性蕁麻疹(chronic idiopathic urticaria)的鼻的或非鼻的症狀。在一具體例中,在該組成物中氯雷他定的數量包含有20-40%w/w。在另一個具體例中,在該組成物中氯雷他定的數量包含有約25-40%w/w。
在一特別的、非限制性具體例中,該活性成分是法莫替丁(famotidine)。在這個具體例中,該劑量形式可被使用例如在治療胃食道逆流疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease)、十二指腸和胃潰瘍(duodenal and gastric ulcer)、病理性高分泌病況(pathological hypersecretory conditions)[例如左-艾二氏症(Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)和多發性內分泌腺瘤(multiple endocrine adenomas)]。在一具體例中,在該組成物中法莫替丁的數量包含有50-90%w/w。在另一個具體例中,在該組成物中法莫替丁的數量包含有60-90%w/w。
在一特別的、非限制性具體例中,該活性成分是孟魯司特鈉(montelukast sodium)。在這個具體例中,該劑量形式可被使用例如在預防和慢性治療氣喘、過敏性鼻炎以及運動誘發的支氣管收縮(exercise-induced bronchoconstriction)。在一具體例中,在該組成物中孟魯司
特鈉的數量包含有5-40%w/w。在另一個具體例中,在該組成物中孟魯司特鈉的數量包含有5-30%w/w。
在一特別的、非限制性具體例中,該活性成分是恩丹西酮(ondansetron)。在這個具體例中,該劑量形式可被使用例如在預防術後噁心(postoperative nausea)和/或嘔吐(vomiting),並且亦在預防噁心和/或與癌症化療(cancer chemotherapy)和放射治療(radiotherapy)有關的。在一具體例中,在該組成物中恩丹西酮的數量包含有10-30%w/w。在另一個具體例中,在該組成物中恩丹西酮的數量包含有約20%w/w。
本發明的一藥學劑量形式在與一流體(一水性介質或唾液)接觸後崩解,藉此釋放該活性成分。
典型地,本發明的一藥學劑量形式是一在口中30秒(典型地10秒或更少)內崩解的口內崩散型藥學劑量形式。
如在此所用的術語“口內崩散型”應該被瞭解包含一在口中在(最多)30秒內崩解或溶解的固體劑量形式。在進一步具體例中,該口內崩散型劑量形式在口中在10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2或甚至在1秒內分散。
一用於本發明的劑量形式的投藥的適合途徑是口服投藥,包括但不限於,頰的(buccal)和舌下投藥。在一特別具體例中,該劑量形式被舌下地投藥。本發明的劑量形式亦可被放在舌(tongue)或靠著頰(cheek)或牙齦(gingival)。
本發明的藥學劑量形式適合於供應該活性成分至例如口腔。該活性可在投藥的位址穿過黏膜(例如舌下黏膜)和/
或其他方法,就口服投藥而言,從口腔(例如穿過頰的和/或牙齦黏膜)和/或從腸胃道(gastrointestinal tract)用於全身分佈(systemic distribution)而被吸收。
該劑量形式的投藥的精確劑量和攝生法(regimen)將必然地視要被達到的治療效用而定,並且可以特別的活性成分、投藥途徑以及藥物要被投藥的個體的年齡和病況而變化。有時病患可被指示服用2或任何其他數量的單位劑量形式在一單一投藥或有時僅一部分(諸如呈一單一投藥的該單位劑量形式的一半或四分之一。
本發明的劑量形式達到性能的一平衡:抗張強度、安定性和快速崩解。它可藉由已知的凍乾物技術而被產生。它可被儲存(和包裝)在泡罩(blisters)但是由於它的抗張強度,亦可被儲存和/或被包裝在瓶子(bottles)或散裝(bulk)中。本發明達到這些結果在一單一加工步驟,而不需要訴諸複數個步驟(包括顆粒化)。
除了先前所討論的成分以外,該基質亦可包括其他賦形劑[輔助劑(auxiliary agents)、助劑(accessory agents)],諸如但不限於:填充劑(fillers)、基質形成劑、增稠劑(thickeners)[包括但不限於瓜爾膠(guar gum)和黄多醣膠(xanthum gum)]、黏結劑(binders)、稀釋劑(diluents)、潤滑劑(lubricants)、pH調節劑(pH adjusting agents)、保護劑(protecting agents)、黏度增強劑(viscosity enhancers)、蕊吸劑(wicking agents)、非發泡崩解劑(non-effervescent disintegrants)、發泡崩解劑(effervescent disintegrants)、表
面活性劑(surfactants)、抗氧化劑(anti-oxidants)、濕潤劑(wetting agents)、著色劑(colorants)、調味劑(flavouring agents)、遮味劑(taste-masking agents)、甜味料(sweeteners)、防腐劑(preservatives)等等。
在一具體例中,本發明的一組成物藉由從一包含有一活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖以及選擇性地第二基質形成劑(們)配於一溶劑的液體製備物昇華溶劑而可獲得的。典型地,該液體製備物被放置在一模型(mould),例如藉此在昇華後一固體組成物(典型地呈一劑量單位)被形成在該模型。該模型可以是一開放式泡罩包裝,藉此該固體劑量單位被形成在該泡罩包裝的凹陷,之後由一密封薄膜或箔所密封。
在一具體例中,該方法包含有導入單位劑量數量的該製備物至一開放式泡罩包裝的凹陷內;以及接著昇華該製備物以獲得固體劑量形式在該凹陷內。
該昇華可藉由冷凍乾燥該包含有該活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖以及選擇性地第二基質形成劑(們)配於一溶劑的製備物而被進行。在一具體例中,該溶劑是水。
本發明因此揭示一種用於藉由凍乾一活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖和選擇性地第二基質形成劑(們)的一組合製備快速-分散的劑量形式的方法。該快速-分散的劑量形式含有該活性成分以及該等載體左聚糖和菊糖和選擇性地第二基質形成劑(們)的一網狀物,該網狀物已藉由從該含有該活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖和其他選擇性的基質形成劑的液體製備物昇華溶劑而被獲得。該製備物可以是一溶液、懸浮液或
分散液。
典型地,一包含有一活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖以及選擇性地第二基質形成劑(們)配於一溶劑的初始製備物被製備,繼而昇華。該昇華可藉由冷凍乾燥該製備物而被進行。
在一冷凍乾燥操作程序中,該包含有一活性成分、左聚糖、菊糖和任何其他選擇性的基質形成劑配於一溶劑的製備物(呈液體形式)被裝填至模型。各個模型典型地含有一定義數量的此溶液與一定義數量的活性成分。在該模型的製備物接著被冷凍,例如藉由通過氣體冷卻介質(gaseous cooling medium)在該模型上。在該製備物已被冷凍以後,該溶劑從此被昇華。該昇華在一冷凍乾燥機中被進行。結果,攜帶該活性成分被包括在該溶液的左聚糖和菊糖選擇性地連同其他基質形成劑的一開放式基質網狀物藉此被形成。
在冷凍乾燥加工的期間該製備物被包含在一模型中以產生一呈任何所欲形狀的固體形式。在凍乾之前,該模型可被冷卻和冷凍[例如,在一快速冷凍隧道(fast-freeze tunnel)或在凍乾機(lyophilizer)的架(shelf)上],例如使用液態氮(liquid nitrogen)或固體二氧化碳。在一具體例中,冷凍速率是自0.1至2℃/分鐘。在另一個具體例中,冷凍速率是自0.5至1.5℃/分鐘。在又另一個具體例中,冷凍速率是自10至260℃/分鐘。在另一個具體例中,冷凍速率是自10至200℃/分鐘。在一進一步具體例中,冷凍速率是自10至160℃/分鐘。
在凍乾之後,該等凍乾組成物若所欲的可從該模型被移除或者被儲存在此直到後來使用。典型地,各個模型如此被設計以產生一單位劑量形式的該組成物。如此所獲得的組成物是快速-分散並且在與流體接觸後在最多30秒內(典型地在少於10秒內)崩解。
該溶劑典型地是水但是亦可選擇性地含有一共-溶劑[諸如一醇,例如三級丁醇(tert-butyl alcohol)]以改善化學品的溶解度。
該組成物可含有一pH調節劑以調節一溶液的pH值,其中該劑量形式在自2至10、典型地自3.5至9.5或自4.5至8的範圍內被製備。檸檬酸、氫氧化鈉和碳酸鈉可被使用作為pH調節劑,但是包括氫氯酸(hydrochloric acid)和蘋果酸(malic acid)的其他亦可被使用。非揮發性pH調節劑將不藉由冷凍乾燥或其他昇華方法而被移除,並且因此可在最終產物存在。
該模型可包含有一系列的圓柱形(cylindrical)或其他形狀的凹陷在它裡面,一尺寸的各個對應於一要被形成的劑量形式的一所欲尺寸。
在一具體例中,該模型是一在一張薄膜材料的凹陷。該薄膜材料可含有超過一凹陷。該薄膜材料可相似於在被使用於包裝口服避孕錠劑以及類似藥物形式的慣常泡罩包裝所採用者。例如該薄膜材料可以具有由熱成型(thermoforming)或冷成型(coldforming)所形成的凹陷的熱塑性材料(thermoplastic material)而被製成。聚氯乙烯薄膜
(polyvinyl chloride film)可被使用為薄膜材料。薄膜材料的層板(laminates)亦可被使用。
本發明被進一步描述在下列實施例,它們不意欲以任何方式限制如所請求的本發明的範疇。
1)在每分鐘200至500轉速(rpm)攪拌下溶解左聚糖、菊糖和其他賦形劑(若存在的話)在經純化的水。
2)使用檸檬酸溶液或NaOH選擇性地調節該溶液的pH值。
3)使用經純化的水構成該溶液的最終體積。
4)在200至500 rpm下攪拌歷時15分鐘混合該溶液。
5)給藥該溶液至預形成的泡罩片材(blister sheets)的各個孔(cavity)內[典型地使用分配吸量管(dispensing pipette)]。
6)在一在-20至-110℃的範圍的溫度下冷凍該被填充的
泡罩。
7)在一凍乾機中冷凍乾燥該等泡罩。
8)放置含有被乾燥的凍乾物的泡罩片材在一泡罩包裝器的衝壓載體網(punched carrier web)上以運送該等泡罩片材通過該包裝器的密封站。
9)以一蓋箔(lidding foil)密封該等泡罩並且衝壓至最終的泡罩內。
下列配方使用被描述在上面方法一節“B”的方法而被製備,藉由在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
下列配方使用被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,藉由在步驟6中在一為20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
1)在每分鐘200至500轉速(rpm)攪拌下溶解左聚糖、菊糖和其他賦形劑(若存在的話)在經純化的水。
2)溶解醋酸去氨加壓素在經純化的水中並且添加至在步驟1所製備的溶液。
3)調節該溶液的pH值。
4)使用經純化的水構成該溶液的最終體積。
5)在200至500 rpm下攪拌歷時進一步的5-15分鐘混合該溶液。
6)給藥該溶液至預形成的泡罩片材的孔內(典型地使用分配吸量管)。
7)在一在-20至-110℃的範圍的溫度下冷凍該等被填充的泡罩。
8)在一凍乾機中冷凍乾燥該等泡罩。
9)放置含有被乾燥的凍乾物的泡罩片材在泡罩包裝器的衝壓載體網上以運送該等泡罩片材通過該包裝器的密封站。
10)以一蓋箔密封該等泡罩並且衝壓至最終的泡罩內。
下列去氨加壓素凍乾物配方使用被描述在上面的“D”的方法而被製備,藉由在步驟7中在1-2℃/分鐘或20-160℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
1)在攪拌下溶解孟魯司特在經純化的水中。
2)在200至500 rpm攪拌下溶解左聚糖、菊糖和其他賦形劑在步驟1的孟魯司特溶液中。
3)使用經純化的水構成該溶液的最終體積。
4)在200至500 rpm下攪拌歷時進一步的5-15分鐘混合該溶液。
5)給藥該溶液至預形成的泡罩片材的各個孔內。
6)在一在-20至-110℃的範圍的溫度下冷凍該等被填充的泡罩。
7)在一凍乾機中冷凍乾燥該等泡罩。
8)放置含有被乾燥的凍乾物的泡罩片材在一泡罩包裝器的衝壓載體網上以運送該等泡罩片材通過該包裝器的密封站。
9)以一蓋箔密封該等泡罩並且衝壓至最終的泡罩內。
下列孟魯司特口內崩散型劑量形式使用被描述在上面的“F”的方法而被製備,藉由在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘或20-160℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製
備,但是使用聚三葡萄糖代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-260℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿HPMC代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿HPMC代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿甲基纖維素代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿甲基纖維素代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿黃蓍膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿黃蓍膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿魚明膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
該等所獲得的凍乾物是非常易碎的並且被破裂成較小的碎片。沒有進一步分析可被進行。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿魚明膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿魚明膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在0.1-2℃/分鐘的速率下冷凍該等泡罩。
比較凍乾物依據被描述在此上面的“B”的方法而被製備,但是拿魚明膠代替左聚糖和菊糖的組合,並且在步驟6中在20-160℃/分鐘的速率下在4分鐘冷凍該等泡罩。
這個試驗測量本發明的一組成物在一水性介質中被預期的崩解時間(它在唾液的崩解時間的一指示)。
所有凍乾物在一濕的濾紙上的崩解速率依據被描述在PCT申請案WO2009002084,第12頁第129段的方法而被測定,其中該試驗在一約25±2℃的溫度下被執行。
安慰劑凍乾物在口腔中的溶解時間依據被描述在PCT申請案WO2009002084,第12頁第132段的方法而被測定,其中該凍乾物被放在一健康成人的舌上,並且接著測量關於在舌和上顎之間摩擦該等凍乾物時它完全地溶解的時間。平均ODT從被獲得自5位健康成人的數據而被計算。
這個試驗測量本發明的組成物在水性介質中的崩解時間(它們在唾液中的崩解時間的一指示)。
設備:Electrolab,Model:ED2 SAPO
操作程序:該方法被採用按照USP 31-NF 26(一般章節,<701>崩解)和Ph Eur.1997(2.9.1.錠劑和膠囊的崩解)。水被裝填至燒杯中並且使用水浴被維持在37℃±0.5℃。該等凍乾物被放在由具有約0.5mm(±0.05mm)的直徑和約15mm的長度的銅線或不鏽鋼所製成的沈錘(sinker)。該等凍乾物接著被放至籃架配件(basket rack assembly)的籃內以及儀器被打開。崩解時間以秒而被注意。
設備:Engineering Systems(NOTTM)Ltd,Model:5 kN Testing Machine
操作程序:用於測定抗張強度的方法被提供至儀器內。參數試驗速率(15 mm/分鐘)、破裂模式(fracture mode)、單位(牛頓,[N])、破裂百分比(80%)、下限(low limit)(0.1)以及在支撐邊緣(supporting edge)之間的距離(4.5-6mm)被設定至該儀器內。一為10 kg的荷重元(load cell)被使用以及該抗張強度使用下列公式被計算:
厚度和直徑使用遊標卡尺(vernier caliper)而被測定。
商業上可獲得的Nimulid-MD[一藉由慣常的壓縮技術而被製備的尼美舒利(nimesulide)的口內崩散型錠劑]的抗張強度被發現是1.14 N/mm2。
這個試驗測量一來自本發明的一組成物的活性成分在水性介質的溶解(%),它是來自該組成物的活性成分的釋放速率的一指示。
操作程序:含有一活性成分的凍乾物的溶解時間被測量如下:該方法被採用按照USP 32-NF 27(一般章節<711>溶解)。溶解介質(0.1N HCl、磷酸緩衝液pH 6.8、醋酸緩衝液pH 4.5或0.5% SLS配於水)根據在該組成物的活性成分而被選擇。溶解碗根據在該組成物的活性成分而被裝填以適當的介質體積(500mL或900mL),並且該介質的溫度使用水浴被維持在37℃±0.5℃。被使用的裝置是USP第II型(Paddle)並且按照操作程序設定在所需的rpm(50rpm)。樣品按照被定義在該操作程序的時間點(5分鐘、10分鐘、15分鐘和30分鐘)而被取出。樣品層析法地或藉由UV按照該試驗操作程序而被分析,並且%釋放被計算。
關於依據實施例1至19以及比較實施例20至30而被製備的凍乾物的崩解率、ODT、活體外DT、抗張強度和溶解數據被呈現在表1中。
Claims (30)
- 一種包含有一攜帶一藥學活性成分的開放式基質網狀物的藥學組成物,其中該開放式基質網狀物包含有左聚糖和菊糖。
- 一種包含有一攜帶一藥學活性成分的基質的藥學組成物,該基質在與一水性介質或與唾液接觸後迅速地崩解,該基質包含有左聚糖和菊糖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-2項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該基質進一步包含有甘露糖醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-2項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該基質進一步包含有菌藻糖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-2項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該基質進一步包含有棉子糖。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-2項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中至少80%的該組成物在30秒內被溶解在一水性介質或唾液中。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的藥學組成物,其中至少80%的該組成物在10秒內被溶解在一水性介質或唾液中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項的藥學組成物,其具有一約0.05-1.6 N/mm2的抗張強度以及一迅速溶解率,藉此至少80%的該組成物在30秒內被溶解在一水性介質或唾液中。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項的藥學組成物,其中該組成物在10秒內被溶解在一水性介質或唾液中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任一項的藥學組成物,其呈一口服劑量形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項的藥學組成物,其適合於舌下投藥。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-11項中任一項的藥學組成物,其藉由從一包含有該活性成分和左聚糖以及菊糖配於一溶劑的液體製備物昇華一溶劑而可獲得的。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的藥學組成物,其中該昇華藉由冷凍乾燥該製備物而被進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-13項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該活性成分是醋酸去氨加壓素。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-13項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該活性成分是氯雷他定。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-13項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該活性成分是法莫替丁。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-13項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該活性成分是孟魯司特鈉。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-13項中任一項的藥學組成物,其中該活性成分是恩丹西酮。
- 一種用於製備一藥學組成物的方法,其包含有從一包含有一藥學活性成分和左聚糖以及菊糖配於一溶劑的液體製備物昇華該溶劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項的方法,其包含有:(a)導入單位劑量數量的該液體製備物至一開放式泡罩包裝的凹陷 內;以及(b)昇華該製備物以獲得固體單位劑量形式在該等凹陷內。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項的方法,其中該昇華藉由冷凍乾燥該製備物而被進行。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項的方法,其中該溶劑是水。
- 如申請專利範圍第19-22項中任一項的方法,其中該活性成分是去氨加壓素。
- 如申請專利範圍第19-22項中任一項的方法,其中該活性成分是氯雷他定。
- 如申請專利範圍第19-22項中任一項的方法,其中該活性成分是法莫替丁。
- 如申請專利範圍第19-22項中任一項的方法,其中該活性成分是孟魯司特鈉。
- 如申請專利範圍第19-22項中任一項的方法,其中該活性成分是恩丹西酮。
- 一種用於製備一藥學組成物的方法,其包含有:(a)製備一包含有左聚糖、菊糖和一活性成分配於一溶劑的溶液;(b)冷凍該溶液;(c)從該被冷凍的溶液昇華該溶劑,其中該如此所獲得的藥學組成物在與一水性溶液或唾液接觸後在30秒內崩解。
- 如申請專利範圍第28項的方法,其與一水性溶液或唾液接觸後在10秒內崩解。
- 如申請專利範圍第28-29項的方法,其中該組成物是一如申請專利範圍第1-18項中任一項的組成物。
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MX345674B (es) | 2017-02-10 |
US20150045300A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
EP2755632A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
RU2014105585A (ru) | 2015-11-10 |
US9731018B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
AU2012307530A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
AR087871A1 (es) | 2014-04-23 |
SA112330855B1 (ar) | 2015-08-19 |
JP6174585B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
RU2633640C2 (ru) | 2017-10-16 |
CA2848785A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
CN103781467B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
IL230861A (en) | 2017-03-30 |
MX2014002664A (es) | 2014-04-25 |
TWI537010B (zh) | 2016-06-11 |
US20170304456A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
JP2014526483A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
IL230861A0 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
WO2013037708A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
NZ620897A (en) | 2016-07-29 |
CN103781467A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
KR20140061438A (ko) | 2014-05-21 |
AU2012307530B2 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
BR112014005134A2 (pt) | 2017-04-18 |
ZA201401447B (en) | 2014-12-23 |
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