RU2597740C1 - Unmanned aerial vehicle (versions) and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly to cruise missiles. Unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a body, tanks, a wing and an engine. Body and tanks of vehicle are made from radiotransparent material. Vehicle has an air-screw propulsor. All radiotransparent elements of vehicle are closed by a cover with a stealth shape. Vehicle has an indicator of radar irradiation and propeller motors. Exhaust and air flow of engine cooling system are directed up or down backwards. Exhaust system has heat-insulating longitudinal exhaust flaps which can be closed. Framework of body is made from radiotransparent material. Framework of body and cover of stealth shape have camouflage colouring. Exhaust and air flow of cooling system are directed up or down backwards. In case of detection of enemy radar irradiation vehicle switches off main engine, closes heat-insulating longitudinal flaps and turns on electric motor, disabling coupling of main engine and including coupling of electric motor or electric motors.

EFFECT: decreased signature and increased flight range.

9 cl

Description

The invention relates to weapons.

Cruise missiles are known, for example, Tomahawk, see the Wikipedia Internet resource Tomahawk. A cruise missile is an ordinary airplane and flies according to the laws of aerodynamics.

To reduce the visibility of the rocket flies at extremely low altitude. However, it is nevertheless clearly visible on the Doppler radar when viewed from above (from an airplane), as it is made of metal. And also the rocket has a fairly strong infrared radiation, especially from the rear hemisphere. But the front edges of the wings and the air intake also have a fairly strong infrared radiation of low potential.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to reduce visibility and increase the flight range of cruise missiles.

For this purpose, the stake was not made on the speed of the device - the speed of the device will not save it from an anti-aircraft missile, from an air-to-air missile or from a portable anti-aircraft missile system (MANPADS), although it will somewhat reduce the likelihood of small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery damage. It is better to use a relatively slow-moving apparatus, but with minimal visibility. In addition, it is known that the lower the speed of the aircraft, the greater its range with the same amount of fuel. In addition, the efficiency screw or propfen at speeds up to 600 km / h more than a dual-circuit engine.

The low speed will also allow to reduce the flight altitude to the limit over the terrain, which will make the device even less noticeable.

OPTION 1. This device has, as usual, a body, a wing and an engine, but the body of the device, including fuel tanks, is made of radio-transparent material, the rocket has an air-screw propulsion, all radio-opaque elements of the rocket are covered by a stealth-shaped casing, moreover the apparatus has an indicator of radar radiation, and has an electric motor or propeller electric motors, and the exhaust and airflow of the engine cooling system are directed down or down-back, and has heat-insulating longitudinal exhaust flaps having e opportunity to close.

Since the main danger to the device is represented by enemy aircraft radars, the stealth form has a flat or consisting of two to three longitudinal planes, the lateral of which are inclined laterally, the upper surface and has an oval or faceted lower surface in the form of a truncated pyramid, or a truncated cone, or an ellipsoid (the shape of the casing is selected according to the minimum signature).

No metal or carbon fiber parts can be used as the material of the device’s body; a composite material based on zylon, dainim, vektran, etc. fibers is recommended.

It should be noted two features that will ultimately reduce the visibility of the device. Firstly, a relatively slowly rotating propeller should be used (circumferential speed of the ends of the blades 180-200 m / s). Such a screw has a higher efficiency and low dynamic heating.

The propeller is preferably used coaxial "one and a half" according to US Pat. No. 2448020. That is, the coaxial screw has two screws rotating in opposite directions, and they are of different diameters - the smaller screw is about 1.5 times smaller than the large one, but has the same area of the blades (possibly a larger number of them) and rotates one and a half times faster. That is, the reactive moments of the screws are equal, and the mass of air discharged by such a screw is greater than that of a conventional coaxial one.

Secondly, you should apply the management of "regressive weathervane duck" according to patent No. 2410286. Such control gives maximum lifting force, and, very importantly, its electric drive will be located in the nose of the rocket, that is, where the stealth-shaped casing will be located, and it will be hidden in this casing. However, an assembly with a pushing screw is possible. Then the control of the front horizontal plumage (PGO) should be organized using radio-transparent cables. A very big advantage of any “duck” is its height control without subsidence, which is very important for an airplane flying at extremely low altitude.

However, you can apply the classic layout, provided that the steering gears are located in the stealth casing, and in the cable wiring to the steering wheels all the parts will be made of composite or ceramic. At the same time, to increase the aerodynamic quality, one should choose a layout with minimal longitudinal stability - so that the rear stabilizers create a significant lifting force.

An electric motor or electric motors (for reliability and symmetry there can be two or more) and the main engine of the device (turboprop or cylinder) are connected to the propeller in a special way - an electric motor or electric motors through a controlled clutch (for example, friction), and the main engine - through a controlled or overrunning clutch (in this case, the driven disk can be the same disk for both couplings).

To prevent heating of the electric motor, it should be located in front of the main engine.

To shield the infrared radiation of the air intake, it can be closed by horizontal blinds, consisting of sinusoid profiles in the range of 270-450 degrees, provided that the direction of the sinusoid coincides with the direction of flight.

There is one more nuance - the design of the electric motor is such that it has the ability to work as an electric generator.

For compact storage, the wings of the device can be folded, and asymmetrically: one at the bottom as a low wing, the other at the top as a upper wing.

OPTION 2. Not only radar and infrared stealth are important, but it will not hurt to have low visual and thermal imaging visibility.

To do this, this unit, as usual, has a body, a wing and an engine, but the power set of the body of the device is made of radio-transparent material, the casing, including fuel tanks, is made of a film transparent in the visible and / or infrared ranges, and all the radio-opaque elements of the device covered by a stealth-form casing, the power set of the body and the stealth-form cover are camouflage, and the exhaust and airflow of the engine cooling system are directed down or down-back and have heat-insulating longitudinal flaps having The ability to close, as well as the apparatus has an indicator of radar exposure and has an electric motor or propeller motors.

That is, such a device when viewed from above will be almost invisible. The transparent film will transmit visible and infrared radiation of the area, and the small-sized camouflage casing of the stealth form will be visible only from a short distance.

Despite this, it is advisable to use these devices only at night.

The film, however, has its own drawback - it shines in the sun.

METHOD OF WORK OF THE APPARATUS. The device works according to both options as follows: since it is essentially an airplane, like the existing cruise missiles, it flies using wings and around the terrain. Engine infrared radiation is directed mainly downward and becomes invisible from a distance of 200-300 meters.

Having detected powerful radiation exposure of the enemy’s radar, the device (its processor) turns off the main engine, closes the heat-insulating longitudinal wings, and turns on the electric motor (s), disengaging the main engine clutch and turning on the electric motor clutch. At the same time, the electric motor works without cooling for some time (the efficiency of modern electric motors reaches 99%, and they hardly heat up). Having flown a predetermined distance or a predetermined time, the rocket opens the flaps and, using the same electric motor, starts the main rocket engine (that is, the electric motor works like a starter), turning on both couplings. After starting the main engine, the couplings remain switched on, and the electric motor starts working as an electric generator, recharging the battery. After charging the battery, the device disables the motor clutch and continues flying with the main engine. The optimal power of the electric motor (s) is about 20% of the power of the main engine.

Two options are possible. Or, the device in front of the target turns on all engines, and the main engine - in the afterburner mode (for which there may be special afterburning fuel, for example gasoline with nitroglycerin), its speed increases slightly, and the device flies in a steep spiral to avoid anti-aircraft artillery damage. Or the device turns off the main engine, closes the shutters and turns on the electric motor, becoming silent and infrared invisible. But the radar from such a close distance, unfortunately, will detect it.

Claims (9)

1. An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a body, a wing and an engine, characterized in that the body of the device, including fuel tanks, is made of radio-transparent material, the device has an air-screw propulsion, all radio-opaque elements of the device are covered by a stealth-shape casing, the device has an indicator of radar radiation, and has an electric motor or propeller electric motors, and the exhaust and air flow of the engine cooling system are directed down or down and back, and has heat-insulating longitudinal Exhaust flaps with the ability to close. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the stealth form has a flat or consisting of two to three longitudinal planes, the lateral of which are inclined laterally, the upper surface and has an oval or faceted lower surface in the form of a truncated pyramid, or a truncated cone, or ellipsoid. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor or motors and the main motor of the apparatus are connected to the propeller in the following way — an electric motor or electric motors — through a controlled clutch, for example friction, and the main motor through a controlled or overrunning clutch. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the slave disk is the same disk for both couplings. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for shielding the infrared radiation of the air intake, it is closed by horizontal blinds consisting of sinusoidal profiles in the range of 270-450 degrees, provided that the direction of the sinusoid coincides with the direction of flight. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the electric motor is such that it has the ability to work as an electric generator. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wings of the device are folded, and asymmetrically: one at the bottom, the other at the top. 8. An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a body, a wing and an engine, characterized in that the power set of the body of the device is made of radio-transparent material, the skin, including fuel tanks, is made of a film that is transparent in the visible and / or infrared ranges, and all radio-opaque elements the apparatus is covered by a stealth-shape casing, and the power set of the body and the stealth-shape cover are camouflage, and the exhaust and airflow of the engine cooling system are directed down or down-back and have heat-insulating longitudinal The flaps, with the ability to close, and the apparatus also has an indicator of radar exposure and has an electric motor or propeller electric motors. 9. The method of operation of an unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized in that, upon detecting exposure to enemy radar, the device turns off the main engine, closes the heat-insulating longitudinal wings and turns on the electric motor (s), disengages the clutch of the main motor and turns on the clutch of the electric motor or electric motors.