RU2364824C2 - Method to increase survivability of drone planes flying in radio/radar counteraction and active anti-aircraft fire zone, and device to this (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armaments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to system designed to increase survivability of drone planes (DP)-missiles. In compliance with this invention, DP casing surface is furnished with hatches with pyrocartridges-traps fired in preset order in false directions. The first shooting of traps is made on starting the DP engine, the second shot is effected on approaching the target. Probing signals of the traps are intensively reflected to the enemy fire control system radar at its frequency and polarisation. When in flight, DP stochastically changes its course.

EFFECT: increase in survivability.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a system for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - missile projectiles that overcome radio countermeasures and active destruction by disrupting auto tracking in the direction of enemy radio and active systems in the UAV launch zone, when UAVs fly along the path to the target and in the zone UAV rapprochement with the goal.

To increase the noise immunity of UAV guidance equipment when approaching with a target and to improve the accuracy of guidance in the patent (RU No. 2100746, class F41G 7/28) [1] it is proposed in the homing mode to switch from a centimeter to a millimeter range (λ = 3.2 mm) wave range. However, the aforementioned patent does not provide for UAV protection measures when overcoming zones of electronic countermeasures and active damage.

The known method and device described in the application for the invention (RU, application No. 95107360, CL F41G 7/22, Bull. No. 10) [2].

The method consists in a complex perturbation of the tracking circuit by abruptly reducing the effective reflective surface and interfering with anti-aircraft radar systems. The device contains elements that reduce the effective reflective surface, and interference generators for anti-aircraft radar systems.

Closest to the claimed inventions are a method of increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome the air defense system, and a device for its implementation, described in certificate RU No. 23100 U1 for utility model dated 05/20/2002, “Cruise missile with a device for ejecting false targets” [3 ], which also solves the problem of reducing the loss of cruise missiles (increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles) in the air defense system of the target cover (p.1 source [3]). A cruise missile contains a body with a propulsion system, aerodynamic surfaces, a payload, an onboard control system, a device (one or more) for ejecting false targets, made in the form of a container with cartridges that contain throwing devices and false targets, the cartridges in the container are installed in the direction close to perpendicular to the direction of flight, and the projectile devices of the cartridges are pyrotechnic with the possibility of their successive operation, false targets are made in the form of dipole reflectors and thermal radiating devices, false targets have ballistic characteristics. When approaching the target with a pyrotechnic release device, false targets are released. A cruise missile (RC) equipped with a false target (LC) ejection device, when approaching the target with a command from the on-board control system, activates an ejection device (for example, pyrotechnic), which, according to a special algorithm, sequentially ejects RC from unitary cartridges. After separation of the LC, they provide protection of the Kyrgyz Republic from air defense systems in the radar and infrared wavelength ranges. The main characteristics of the LC, ensuring its similarity to the Raman in the radar and infrared ranges of wavelengths, the interval between successive emissions, the emission rate are determined by the visibility characteristics of the LC and Raman in the given wavelength ranges, the lifetime of the LC, its ballistic characteristics, as well as the possibility of information and fire air defense equipment for their selection. The number of LCs placed on board a missile is determined by the airspeed of the Kyrgyz Republic in the area of the target, the depth of the air defense system of the target cover and the required interval between successive emissions.

The disadvantage of this method and device should be attributed to the fact that it is physically impossible to stepwise reduce the reflecting surface of the UAV during the flight — to switch from the existing technology for constructing UAVs to stealth technology — the technology for constructing low-reflecting UAV designs (see Ananyin E.P. et al. Methods Decrease in radar visibility. Foreign radio electronics, 1994. No. 4-5, p.5-21; Alimin BF Modern developments of absorbers of electromagnetic waves and radar absorbing materials. Foreign radio electronics, 32, 1989, p.75-82) [4] .

It is also impossible to set up any significant interference in a wide frequency range with equipment located on the UAV, which is necessary, since the operation mode of modern radars of information channels of weapon control systems uses probing pulses with frequency jumps in a wide range, which increase the noise immunity of these radars. Overall, weight, power restrictions and the inability to place effective wide-range antennas of the radio countermeasures system on the UAV make this proposal practically unrealizable.

Moreover, from the moment of starting up - turning on the UAV engine - its reflecting surface increases sharply due to reflections from a high-temperature highly ionized jet stream. As a result of the above, the probability of a breakdown in auto tracking along the angular coordinates by the device proposed in the source [3] is reduced.

The technical problem to be solved in the method and devices for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome radio-countermeasures and active destruction zones consists in creating intense signals in false directions when starting a UAV and when approaching a target and stochastic course change during a flight on one or a number of path sections , which creates complex perturbations on the tracking loop in the corners for the weapon control system of the enemy, which makes it difficult to intercept an unmanned fly ceiling elements apparatus. A sign that is common to the proposed invention and the prototype according to the method is the shooting of false targets in a given order, and according to the first embodiment of the device, these are elements that interfere with enemy radar means.

The technical problem to be solved in a method for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome radio-technical resistance and active destruction zones, including shooting false targets in a given order, is achieved by using the opening traps made with the possibility of directional and intensive re-reflection back to the radar system as false targets control of the enemy’s weapons of its sounding signals with their frequency and polarization and located on the shooters in a given in order for hatches with squibs located on the surface of the body of an unmanned aerial vehicle, while the first traps are fired when the unmanned aerial vehicle engine is started, and the second traps are fired when approaching a target, during an unmanned aerial vehicle flying on one or a number of path sections stochastic change in the course of an unmanned aerial vehicle to malfunction the enemy's radar system.

The technical problem to be solved in the device for creating interference to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming the zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, containing elements that interfere with enemy radar means, is achieved by using small-sized traps of cubic shape made as interfering elements from a thin dielectric film metallized on the inside, folded into a flat envelope bag, inside which is located a can of gas with a punctured stopper attached to the inner side of curved hatches placed in a predetermined quantity and fired by squibs in the prescribed manner, placed on the surface of an unmanned aerial vehicle, while on the outer edges of the dielectric film forming a trap, systems from pairs of flat, miniature, broadband, receiving and intensely re-emitting in the opposite direction probing signal of the enemy radar with its frequency and polar zatsiey, fractal-type antennas "Sierpinski carpet", connected as Van Atta printed transmission lines.

The technical problem to be solved in a device for stochastically changing the course of an unmanned aerial vehicle in order to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome radio-countermeasures and active destruction zones is achieved by the fact that it contains gas and aerodynamic rudder control cars, a radio command unit, a programmer, and a digital solver unit connected in series devices, a stochastic signal generator, which is used as a pseudo-random generator numbers on shift registers with linear feedback with a chronizer, the output of which is connected to a encoder containing a scheme for prohibiting unacceptable evolutions - random turns at forbidden large angles, the output of which is connected to a decoder that is connected to a smoothing low-pass filter with a Gaussian amplitude-frequency characteristic and a given a passband, the output of which through the switch is connected to control cars for gas and aerodynamic rudders, and the second input of the switch is connected to the output b eye digital resolver, the stochastic input oscillator signal and a switch control input connected respectively to the outputs of the programmer.

Figure 1 shows a device for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming areas of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, according to the first embodiment of the device, is a design of small traps used in their firing in false directions in a way to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles overcoming areas of electronic countermeasures and active defeat.

Figure 2 shows a device for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, according to a second embodiment of a device that performs a stochastic change in the course of unmanned aerial vehicles in a method of increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction.

The device for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, according to the first embodiment of the device (Fig. 1) contains small-sized elements - traps 1 that interfere with enemy radar means, traps 1 are made of thin metallized dielectric film folded from the inside into a flat envelope bag, inside of which there is a can of gas with a punctured stopper, traps 1 are attached to the inside of the curved hatch forks placed in a predetermined quantity and fired by squibs in the prescribed manner, placed on the surface of an unmanned aerial vehicle (not shown); on six outer faces of a dielectric film that forms a trap 1 of a cubic shape, a metallized printing system is applied to a system of pairs of metallized, flat, miniature, broadband, receiving and intensely re-emitting in the opposite direction probe signal of the enemy radar with its frequency and polarization, fractal antennas of type 2 " Sierpinski carpet ”, connected according to the Van-Att scheme with printed transmission lines 3, isolated from each other by a sawed dielectric 4.

The device increases the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming areas of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, according to the second variant of the device (figure 2) contains a series-connected radio command unit 5, a programmer 6, a digital deciding unit 7, a switch 8, gas and aerodynamic control wheels 9 and the additionally introduced stochastic signal generator 10, which uses a pseudorandom number generator on shift registers with linear inverse communication with the chronizer (Weitzel V.A. et al. Radio control systems, M .: Drofa, 2005), the output of which is connected to the encoder 11, containing the prohibition of unacceptable evolutions - random turns to forbidden large angles, the output of which is connected to the decoder 12, which is connected to a smoothing low-pass filter 13 with a Gaussian amplitude-frequency characteristic and a predetermined bandwidth, the output of which through the switch 8 is connected to the control machines 9 for gas and aerodynamic control surfaces, and the second input of the switch 8 is connected n with the output of the block of the digital solver 7, while the input of the stochastic signal generator 10 and the control input of the switch 8 are connected respectively to the outputs of the programmer 6.

Consider the implementation of the method of increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome the zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, and the operation of the devices according to the first and second options.

In a method for increasing the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome radio-countermeasures and active destruction zones, the following is carried out: the first traps are shot 1 when the unmanned aerial vehicle engine is started ((not shown in Fig. 1) - see Veitsel V.A. et al. Radio systems Management, M .: Drofa, 2005), the second shooting of traps 1 is carried out when approaching with the target by radio command, while using pairs of flat miniature broadband fractal antennas of the Sierpinski carpet type, connected according to the Van Atta scheme, traps 1 shot in false directions directionally and intensively reflect back to the enemy’s radar weapon control system its probing signals with their frequency and polarization, and also after the first shooting during the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle on one or a number of path sections, the enemy’s radar system malfunctions by stochastic change in the course of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the signals of a pseudo-random number generator 10 (Fig. 2) with a chronizer, an encoder 11 with a scheme for prohibiting unacceptable evolutions, a decoder 12 and a smoothing filter 13, which eliminates the formation of teams that lead to unacceptable lateral accelerations of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Due to the fact that the traps 1 are made of a thin dielectric film metallized on the inside, folded into a flat envelope bag, inside which there is a can of gas with a punctured stopper, after firing at some distance from the unmanned aerial vehicle, the hatches are separated from the trap package. At the same time, during shooting, a can of gas is inserted into the trap package. Gas fills the package, which takes the form of a cube, with fractal emitters located on it, connected according to the Van Atta scheme.

Such devices always generate radiation in the direction opposite to the arrival of the probing signal, i.e. form an interference, aiming in the corner. The antennas of the receiving and transmitting gratings are connected in pairs, and the electrical lengths of the connecting lines for all pairs are the same. It is proposed to use flat fractal radiators of the “Sierpinski carpet” type as miniature antennas providing reception and re-emission of sounding signals in a wide range of waves with arbitrary polarization, with a large reflection coefficient. The use of a new type of emitters - fractal antennas 2 - instead of the well-known broadband, for example flat (printed) spiral ones, is due to the following:

- fractal antennas have the property of spatial filling, which allows you to get curves that are electrically long, but physically compact and occupy a small area. Due to this property, it is possible to miniaturize the antenna elements and, in fact, the antennas themselves;

- the use of self-similarity in the form of fractal antennas 2 allows you to achieve multi-range or the appearance of these antennas more than one resonant frequency;

- a number of types of fractal antennas 2 has a structure that allows you to create (receive) radiation with arbitrary polarization.

(See Zelkin EG et al. Constructive approximation methods in the theory of antennas. - M.: Sainz-press. 2005. - p. 234-341; Werner DH and others, Fractal antenna engineering: the theory and design of fractal arrays; IEEE, AP, 1999, vol.41, n. 5, p. 37-59; Kravchenko VF, Masiuk VM Analysis and synthesis of multi-frequency fractal antenna arrays. Electromagnetic waves and electronic systems, 2004, t .9, No. 3-4. P. 31-44.)

The need to give the active trap 1 a cubic shape is determined by the fact that after shooting and detaching the hatch its trajectory is random, but at the same time one of the six faces of the cube will always be located so that it will be close enough or will coincide with the direction of the incoming probe signal, i.e. will create a flickering hindrance for the enemy radar sighting in angle.

Consider the operation of the device to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming areas of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, according to the second embodiment of the proposed device. According to the signal received from programmer 6, the pseudorandom number generator with a chronizer 10 is turned on, for which the pseudorandom number generator on shift registers with linear feedback with a chronizer is used (see Veitsel V.A. et al. Radio control systems, M .: Drofa , 2005), the output of which is connected to the encoder 11, containing a scheme for prohibiting unacceptable evolutions. The signals of allowed evolutions generated by the encoder 11 based on the received pseudorandom numbers of the generator 10 are fed to the decoder 12, which generates pulses of the permissible random evolutions of the unmanned vehicle. These generated pulses are then fed to a smoothing low-pass filter 13 with a Gaussian amplitude-frequency characteristic and a given passband, which eliminates a sharp increase in the control voltage supplied through the commutator 8 to the control machines 9 of the gas and aerodynamic rudders of the unmanned vehicle, and the execution of maneuvers leading to sharp unacceptable transverse accelerations of the UAV. The switch 8 is controlled by the signals of the programmer 6, which connects to the control cars 9 gas and aerodynamic rudders either control signals from the digital solver 7 in flight mode towards the target, or admissible smoothed stochastic signals in the failure mode of tracking enemy radar.

Claims (3)

1. A way to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome the zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, including shooting false targets in a predetermined order, characterized in that as false targets use traps made with the possibility of directional and intensive re-reflection back to the radar weapon control system the enemy of its sounding signals with their frequency and polarization and located on the hatches with pyro-shot located on the surface of the body of an unmanned aerial vehicle, while the first traps are fired when the unmanned aerial vehicle engine is started, and the second traps are fired when approaching a target, during the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle a stochastic change in the course of the unmanned aerial vehicle is performed the aircraft to malfunction the enemy radar system. 2. A device for creating interference to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles, overcoming zones of electronic countermeasures and active destruction, containing elements that interfere with enemy radar means, characterized in that small-sized traps of a cubic shape made of thin are used as elements that create interference metallized on the inside of the dielectric film, folded into a flat envelope bag, inside of which is a can of gas plug, attached to the inner side of curved hatches, placed in a predetermined quantity and fired by squibs in the prescribed manner, placed on the surface of an unmanned aerial vehicle, while on the outer faces of the dielectric film forming a trap, printing systems using pairs of flat miniature are printed by metallization, broadband, receiving and intensely re-emitting in the opposite direction, the probe radar signal of the enemy with its frequency and polarization of fractal antennas, type "Sierpinski carpet", connected according to the Van Atta scheme with printed transmission lines. 3. A device for stochastically changing the course of an unmanned aerial vehicle to increase the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles that overcome radio-countermeasures and active destruction zones, characterized in that it contains gas and aerodynamic rudder control machines, a radio command unit, a programmer and a digital resolver unit connected in series, a stochastic signal generator, which is used as a generator of pseudorandom numbers on shear histograms with linear feedback with a chronizer, the output of which is connected to a encoder containing a scheme for prohibiting unacceptable evolution - random turns at forbidden large angles, the output of which is connected to a decoder that is connected to a smoothing low-pass filter with a Gaussian amplitude-frequency characteristic and a given passband, the output of which through the switch is connected to control cars for gas and aerodynamic rudders, and the second input of the switch is connected to the output of the digital block device, while the input of the stochastic signal generator and the control input of the switch are connected, respectively, with the outputs of the programmer.

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