RU2170602C2 - Lifting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: lifting apparatus has basket, two pairs of carrier wheels, reversible transmission, gripping device, pair of steel cables, pulleys, winch with drum and drive. Gripping device is formed as loop arranged on each cable and adapted to be tightened. Before lifting process, cable with left-hand coil is wound onto drum and cable with right-hand coil is in unwound state. Drum driving is performed through worm and chain transmissions by means of three foot pedals arranged circumferentially through 120 deg. EFFECT: simplified lifting and lowering along shaft, improved safety and reduced damage to shaft surface. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of forestry, can be used for harvesting forest seeds, fruits and cuttings, pruning branches, caring for the crown of a tree and is used to deliver treetop to the crown of growing trees.

 Characteristics of analogues. In the practice of forest cultivation and forest seed business, various lifting devices are used to deliver pickers to tree crowns [1-11].

 In the USA, the portable device "Platform for climbing trees" [12], which has a flat quadrangular platform with two opposite longitudinal and two end edges, is patented. The recess in the first end edge is intended to cover the tree trunk. At the ends of the recess there are two penetrating flat elements with pointed ends tapered inward. Penetrating elements enter the wood of the trunk, securing the platform to the tree trunk. Two brackets are attached to the bottom surface of the platform, articulated from the first position to the second. In the first position, the brackets are folded and are adjacent to the platform. In the second position, the brackets move away from the platform and converge on the tree trunk, providing the platform with additional support. The platform is attached to the tree using flexible brackets covering the tree trunk. The main disadvantage of this device is that the speed of climbing and guarantees the safety of work largely depend on the physical condition of the climber, which changes during the working day.

 The “lifting device” [13], also patented in the USA, has a platform adapted for raising and lowering along a tree trunk. The carrier platform rises and falls along the trunk with the help of the carrier element - a support element coming from the platform and covering the tree from the opposite side. Guide rollers are attached to the support link, go from the platform, as well as from the opposite side, in contact with the tree trunk. The lifting mechanism also includes an adjustable belt-strap connected to the platform and which covers the tree trunk. It is adjustable so that the platform remains at horizon level regardless of the diameter of the tree.

 This invention has two different types of gripping devices. The first gripping device is formed with the help of a supporting rope, by fastening it to a reliable branch in the crown area or by forming a tightening loop on a tree trunk. The main one is the second engaging device, which obliquely at an angle, automatically engages the tree trunk. This gripping device goes from the platform, covering the trunk, somewhat delving into it diagonally, as it is equipped with a locking device with pointed edges. The device for moving along the trunk has a long rope, which is connected to a gripping mechanism, and it is driven by a foot pedal. In addition, the gripper is disengaged using this pedal. If necessary, a winch is hung on the frame for better raising and lowering the platform with the help of a support rope.

Description of the prototype. The closest technical solution is the "Device for climbing on column-like objects" [14]. A device for climbing on pole-like objects, like masts, trees and chimneys, raises a worker and his equipment includes:
carrying basket for the worker;
two pairs of supporting driving wheels directed along the lifting object fixed on pins one pair above the other;
an engine on the frame for driving the drive wheels through a reverse gear;
a device for fixing (holding) on lifting objects (pole, tree trunk, etc.), which has a shaft frame with a pair of driven wheels, two steel cables, guide blocks, a winch with a drum and a sliding gear.

 The carrier basket for moving around the object is equipped with two pairs of drive wheels, which are located one pair above the other. The wheels, hooking a pillar-like object, are directed more or less radially and hold the device due to the driven wheels rotating on an angularly connected axis (shaft frame), which cover the pillar-like object from the opposite side, holding the device with a pair of tension elements in the form of steel cables . The cables extend to the carrier basket on the opposite side of the lifting object, while the carrier basket has means for tensioning one or both cables, such as a winch having a drum for winding a cable driven by an engine.

 The holding device has a detachable device such as a carbine at the end of each cable and rings for engagement on the shaft frame. The holding device is installed on the lifting objects (pole, tree trunk, etc.) from the opposite side of the supporting basket, which is pressed against them by wheels with sufficient force to provide rise or descent. The tension elements — preferably flexible cables — extend along the guide blocks to the winch drum.

 The drive means are mounted on a supporting basket (frame or platform), which includes the chassis (chassis), on the lift side, two horizontal axes mounted for rotation, one above the other, on each of which pairs of drive wheels are interconnected by an endless chain transmission. One of these axes is designed to drive another endless chain drive from an engine mounted on the chassis through an asterisk.

 In order to facilitate attachment of the holding device and removal from the lifting object (tree trunk), the holding device is equipped with a trip device such as a carbine or a pair of carbines connected to one or each tension cable and additionally equipped with rings connected to the axle housing of the driven wheels.

 The reverse gear provides a connection between the engine and the drive mechanism of the drive wheels, and it is possible to change the direction of movement along the column-like object by changing the direction of rotation of the wheels.

 The engine joins the winch drum through a sliding gear. During engine start-up, the motor shaft rotates the winch drum through a sliding gear, providing all the time the necessary tension of the clamping elements, whereby the drive wheels are pressed with the required force to engage the surface of the lifting object (tree trunk), providing lifting on it.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the following:
1. The hooking device requires for lifting the full cleanability of the branches of the trunk, otherwise working with the device is difficult or almost impossible;
2. The inability to enter the crown of the tree due to the presence on the opposite side of the basket of the fixing device (retention - shaft-frame), on which a pair of guide pinch driven wheels are mounted;
3. When moving along the trunk, the supporting driving wheels are held by friction of the supporting driving wheels on the surface of the trunk, which leads to damage to the tree bark;
4. The device requires a lot of structural material, as a result of which the apparatus has high overall dimensions.

 The aim of the present invention is a lifting device for growing trees, having a sufficiently reliable operational and technological characteristics at relatively low weight and size.

 The task of the invention is to simplify the technique of raising and lowering the trunk to ensure safety and high safety of the barrel surface.

 The task is achieved in that the lifting device is considered as a mechanism having two similar gripping devices in the form of drawn loops. The loops are formed in turn from the ends of the two load-bearing cables with carbines around the trunk of the tree selected for lifting. The other ends of the bearing cables, passing the guide blocks, are fixed on the winch drum.

 The winch drum is divided by a partition into two equal parts, in each of which one carrier cable of equal length is fixed. One of the load-bearing cables, in its part, is installed in the wound state on the drum and has a left wrap on it, and the other in the second part - in unwound form with several turns and with the right wrap. Therefore, having passed the guide block, the first supporting cable at the exit from it has a short end, and the second, respectively, is a long one. The winch gearbox is represented by worm and chain gears.

For a stable position of a climber (emphasis at three points) in the support basket and to reduce physical exertion during lifting, the winch is driven by the muscular energy of the legs using three foot pedals. The foot pedals are located on the axis of the drive chain sprocket, which are located in rays around the circumference through 120 ^o . The presented units and mechanisms are mounted on a frame consisting of a supporting platform of a rectangular shape, fenced on all sides by uprights and cross members in the form of a supporting basket. A winch is mounted on the crossbars of the front struts, and a crossbar can be installed on the rear struts for mounting the climber's seat. The device has support wheels for sliding along the trunk and for transportation in the forest.

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that for the first time it is proposed to use a winch for lifting devices, the drum of which is divided into two equal parts with bearing cables fixed to them. When the drum rotates to the side, a long support cable is wound around it, and if the cable is loaded (to form a loop on the trunk), then a working stroke is made - raising the basket. The second cable at the same time is unwound from the drum, as it has a reverse wrap, in preparation for the next interception on the tree trunk. During the descent, the part of the drum with the wound cable first works, loading a short supporting cable. A short cable must be unwound from the drum, while the long cable, in turn, is wound on the drum in another part of it, in preparation for the next interception. In the first and second cases, the drum does not idle.

For the first time, it is proposed to use a gearbox in hoisting devices with winches, the drive of which is carried out through the drive foot pedals of the chain drive located on the drive shaft around a circle through 120 ^o , which will allow changing the direction of rotation of the drum without special devices due to the muscular energy of the legs. When you press one of the pedals, the other two become in a horizontal position on the left and right sides, which gives the right to choose the direction of rotation by pressing the selected pedal with the corresponding foot.

The advantages of the invention compared to the prototype include the following:
the proposed device does not require a lot of structural material, it does not need a motor - it can work autonomously, as a result of which the device is lightweight and, as a consequence, low cost;
the lifting device does not require complete cleanability of tree trunks from knots, in addition, it can go into the crown area when pruning interfering branches on one side;
the device does not damage the bark of trees.

Description of the invention. The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. A graphic image of the proposed device is represented by the following drawings:
FIG. 1. A perspective view of a lifting device mounted on a tree trunk;
FIG. 2. Front view of the lifting device - from the side of the support on the trunk of a growing tree;
FIG. 3. Rear view of the device - from the side of the climber landing in the supporting basket;
FIG. 4. The vertical section of the device along the section line AA ₁ (see Fig. 3), which shows the plan of the worm and chain gears;
FIG. 5. Top view of the winch along the section line BB ₁ (see Fig. 1).

FIG. 6. Side view of the winch along the CC ₁ section line (see Fig. 5).

FIG. 7. Side view of the winch drum and guide blocks along the section line DD ₁ (see Fig. 6).

 The drawings have the following notation: 1 - basket; 2 - platform; 3 - front desk; 4 - a back rack; 5 - front cross member; 6 - side cross member; 7 - bracket; 8 - guide block; 9 - winch; 10 - stiffness rack; 11 - a tree trunk; 12 - wheel; 13 - an arm; 14 - wheel; 15 - bracket; 16 - axis; 17 - stiffness rack; 18 - axis; 19 - a leading asterisk; 20 - chain transmission; 21 - a drum; 22 - axis; 23 - a worm gear; 24 - a partition of the drum; 25 - cable; 26 - the left side of the drum; 27 - the right side of the drum; 28 - the short end of the cable; 29 - the long end of the cable; 30 - a carbine; 31 - a worm; 32 - a worm wheel; 33 - driven asterisk; 34 - the shaft of the worm; 35 is a chain; 36 - pedal; 37 - lever; 38 - loop.

 As for the drawings, the proposed device includes a carrier basket 1 (Fig. 1-4), which consists of a carrier platform 2 and two front 3 and two rear 4 racks, fastened by the front 5 and side 6 crossbars. In the front part of the basket, from its outer side, on the upper cross members 5, brackets 7 are mounted for guide blocks 8 and a winch 9, which for reliability of attachment to the basket 1 is connected to it by inclined stiffeners 10. For sliding along the tree trunk 11, the device is equipped with a chassis in the form of a pair upper support wheels 12, mounted with brackets 13 on the winch body 9, and a pair of lower support wheels 14, mounted on the lower crossbars 5 of the basket 1 using brackets 15 and rotating on a common axis 16. In the lower part of the basket 1 with the inner its sides with the help of stiffness struts 17, the axis 18 of the drive sprocket 19 of the chain drive 20 is fixed.

 The main element of the drive is a winch 9 (Fig. 4-7), which has a drum 21. The rotation of the drum 21 is carried out on the axis 22 using a worm gear 23 and a chain gear 20. The drum 21 (Fig. 5, 6) is divided by a partition 24 into two equal parts - left 26 and right 27, in each of which one carrier cable 26 of equal length is fixed. The first cable 25 is fixed on the left side 26 and is installed in the wound state with the left wrap, and the second cable 25 in the right part 27, but in the unwound state and with the right wrap of several turns - before the lifting process. In the initial position, with the equal length of both cables 25 at the exit from the guide blocks 8 (Figs. 1, 3, 6), short 28 and long 29 ends are formed, which end with self-locking carbines 30.

The worm gear 23 (Fig. 4-6) is represented by the worm 31 and the worm wheel 32 associated with it. The worm gear 32 is connected to the drum 21 and has a common axis 22 with it. The worm 31 is driven by a chain gear 20 (Fig. 2-5) , which consists of a driven sprocket 33 (Fig. 3-5) and a leading 19 (Fig. 2-4) connected by a chain 35 (Fig. 1-6). The driven sprocket 33 is mounted on the shaft 34 of the worm 31 (Figs. 3-5). The drive sprocket 19 rotates on the axis 18 and is driven by three foot pedals 36 located on the levers 37. The levers 37 are connected to the drive sprocket 19 and are installed by rays around a circle through 120 ^o .

 The exciting device of the proposed lifting device is a tightening loop 38 (Fig. 1, 3), which is formed from the carrier cable 25 on the tree trunk 11 with the help of a carbine 30. From the loop 38, the carrier cable 25 goes to the guide block 8, and from it to the drum 21 winch 9 and mounted on it.

 The lifting process begins with fixing at the maximum possible height of the bearing cable 25 with a long end 28, i.e. located on the right side of the drum 27 (Fig. 6) in the unwound state of the drum 21, by the formation on the barrel 11 (Fig. 1, 3) of capture in the form of a protracted loop 38 with a carbine 30. Then the climber, standing on one leg and holding on to basket 1, by depressing the pedals 36 with the second foot, starting to wind this bearing cable 25 onto the drum 21 of the winch 9. The first lifting step ends with winding the long 28 carrier cable 25 and pulling the carrier basket 1 to loop 38. Here it should be noted that during lifting the second 25 s load-free cable the short end 29 and being in the second part 26 of the drum 21 in the wound state at the same time is unwound from the drum 21 and it is periodically necessary to manually pull it out of the guide block 8. At the same time, the length of the carrier cables 25 is changed at the exit from the guide blocks 8, long becomes short, and short - on the contrary, long, which is a necessary condition for the implementation of a new lift technique.

 The next step also begins with the formation of the loop 38 at the highest possible height, but unlike the first step, a second carrier cable 25 is used here, which becomes long at the end of the first step. During the second reception, the drum 21 needs to be rotated in the direction opposite to the first reception, for this the supporting leg is changed, and the pedals 36 must be pressed with the free foot, rotating the drive sprocket 19 of the chain drive 20 in the opposite direction. At the moment, the load of the basket 1 is being transferred from one (first) support cable 25 to another (second). The process of transferring the load occurs smoothly without jerking. When the load is completely transferred from one carrier cable 25 to another loop 38 of the first cable 25, it is necessary to remove it from the barrel 11 by opening the carbine 30. After raising the basket 1 to the loop 38 of the second carrier cable 25, the second reception and simultaneously the first lifting cycle and then the lifting cycles are repeated.

 The descent along the trunk is carried out in a slightly different way. The first method of descent begins with the unwinding of the cable 25 (Fig. 1), which is under load by the basket 1 and lowering it on the table 11 to a height equal to the length of the cable 25 wound on the drum 21 in its left part 26.

 Simultaneously with the unwinding of the carrier cable 25 loaded by the basket 1, the second load-free cable 25 mounted on the drum 21 in the right part 27 is wound on it, since it has a reverse wrap. The process of unwinding the carrier cable 25 is interrupted at the moment when the length of the second cable 25 becomes exactly such that it is possible to form a loop 38 around the barrel 11, located opposite the guide blocks 8. After the formation of the second loop 38 (lower), it is necessary to continue the process of unwinding the first carrier cable 25, during which the winding of the second cable 25 takes place and it tightens the loop 38 on the barrel 11, becoming a carrier. At this moment, there is a change in the direction of movement of the basket 1, it begins to move up the trunk. After transferring the load of basket 1 from the first cable 25 to the second one, the first one weakens in tension and increases its length until it becomes possible to remove the first loop from the barrel by opening carbine 30. This completes the first descent.

 Then they proceed to the second descent technique, for this it is necessary to change the supporting leg and turn the pedals 36 with the other leg, thereby changing the direction of rotation of the drum 21. All other actions coincide with the first descent technique, with the only difference being that the second cable is now under load 25 which in the first case was free of her. The second descent technique completes the first descent cycle. Further downhill cycles are repeated as the basket lowers to the ground.

The advantages of the proposed lifting device include the following:
simplicity of design; reliable safety measures for climbing trees; device autonomy;
climbing is carried out on trees with a significant variation in their thickness (from 16 to 90 cm);
climbing the trunk does not require its full cleanability from knots; the gripping device does not damage the bark of trees;
the proposed system of lifting and lowering is stable and reliable.

Sources of information
1. Ipateva M.V. Mechanization of forestry and forestry operations. - L .: LTA, 1965 .-- S. 5-17.

 2. Klimov O.G., Baranov A.M. Modern methods and means of collecting forest fruits and seeds in the USSR and abroad // Overview of the information support of targeted integrated scientific and technical programs and programs for solving the most important scientific and technical problems / Overview. - M .: TSBNTI, 1984. - Issue. 3. - 31 s.

 3. Laryukhin G. A., Zlatousov L.S., Rakov V.S. Forestry mechanization. - M .: Forestry industry, 1975 .-- S. 172-173.

 4. Winter I.M., Malyugin T.T. Mechanization of forestry operations. - M .: Forest industry, 1976. - S. 77-80.

 5. Shakhov E.N. The mechanization of the collection of coniferous seeds // Forestry, 1963. - N 1. - P. 51.

 6. Bokte V.K. A.S. N 507326 (USSR). A device for climbing trees. - Publ. in B.I., 1976, No. 11.

 7. Bauman I.I., Sarma V.P. and others A.S. N 261952 (USSR). A device for climbing climbing trees. - Publ. in B.I., 1970, N 5.

 8. Shakhov E.N., Baranova L.G., Pavlov V.P. A.S. N 120978 (USSR). Climbing for climbing trees. - Publ. in B.I., 1959, No. 13.

 9. Blinov E.K., Ignatiev V.S. A.S. N 1336977 (USSR). A device for climbing trees. - Publ. in B.I., 1987, N 34.

 10. Ermakov V.I., Tychinin V.V. A.S. N 298335 (USSR). A device for climbing trees. - Publ. in B.I., 1971, No. 11.

 11. Sharifyanov Kh. Lifting device for collecting cones // Forestry, 1964. - N 11. - P. 67.

 12. James H. Shope. Patent Number: 4,595,079 (USA). Tree climbing platform. - Date of Patent: Jun. 17, 1986.

 13. Bill Treants. Patents Number: 4,593,789 (USA). Tree climbing apparatus. - Date of Patent: Jun. 10, 1986.

 14. Willi Loock. Patents Number: 3,520,383 (USA). Apparatus for climbing pole-like objects. - Date of Patent: Jul. 14, 1970.

Claims (1)

A lifting device comprising a basket, two pairs of supporting driving wheels, a reverse gear, a gripping device, a pair of steel cables, guide blocks, a winch with a drum and a drive, characterized in that the gripping device is made in the form of a tightening loop on each cable, and the cable, placed with the left wrap, located in the state wound on the drum, and the cable with the right wrap - in the unwound state before the lifting process, while the drive in the drum is through a worm the main and chain gears with the help of three foot pedals located around a circle through 120 ^o .

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