KR20190000925A - Ror1 암을 치료하고 전이를 저해하는데 이용을 위한 항체와 백신 - Google Patents
Ror1 암을 치료하고 전이를 저해하는데 이용을 위한 항체와 백신 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20190000925A KR20190000925A KR1020187037595A KR20187037595A KR20190000925A KR 20190000925 A KR20190000925 A KR 20190000925A KR 1020187037595 A KR1020187037595 A KR 1020187037595A KR 20187037595 A KR20187037595 A KR 20187037595A KR 20190000925 A KR20190000925 A KR 20190000925A
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Abstract
본 발명은 항-ROR1 항체 또는 항원 결합 단편, ROR1 결합 펩티드 및 ROR1 백신을 이용하여 전이를 저해하는 제약학적 조성물과 방법에 관계한다.
Description
도면 1은 유방암에서 ROR1의 높은-수준 발현이 더욱 짧은 전이없는 생존 및 EMT 유전자 서명과 연관된다는 것을 보여준다. (A) 그래프는 PubMed GEO 데이터베이스 (GSE2603, GSE5327, GSE2034, 그리고 GSE12276)를 통해 가용한 공개된 데이터로부터 유래되었다. Kaplan-Meier 곡선은 전반적인 전이없는 생존에 대한 ROR1 발현의 예측적 충격을 묘사한다. 각 분석을 위해, 582 사례가 삼분위로 격리되었는데, ROR1H로 지정된 군은 가장 높은 수준의 ROR1 mRNA를 갖는 종양을 앓는 1/3의 환자를 나타내고, 그리고 ROR1L로 지정된 군은 가장 낮은 수준의 ROR1 mRNA를 갖는 암을 앓는 1/3의 환자를 나타낸다. ROR1 mRNA의 중간 발현을 갖는 종양을 앓는 1/3의 환자는 ROR1M으로서 지정되었다. 전이없는 생존은 Kaplan-Meier 분석에 의해 결정되었고, 그리고 통계학적 차이는 로그 순위 검증에 의해 결정되었다. 각 범주에서 환자의 숫자, 전체 전이성 이벤트, 그리고 상응하는 P 값 (카이제곱 검증)은 포함된 표에서 도시된다. (B) 환자로부터 단리된 원발성 유방암 세포에서, ROR1 (위쪽), EMT-관련된 유전자 (Snail-1 및 Snail-2를 인코딩하는 SNAI1 및 SNAI2, ZEB-1을 인코딩하는 ZEB1, 비멘틴을 인코딩하는 VIM, N-카드헤린을 인코딩하는 CDH2, E-카드헤린을 인코딩하는 CDH1, ZO-1을 인코딩하는 TJP1, ZO-3을 인코딩하는 TJP3, CK-19를 인코딩하는 KRT19, 또는 클라우딘 3을 인코딩하는 CLDN3의 발현을 보여주는 열 지도. (C) ROR1-siRNA 또는 CTRL-siRNA로 처리된 MDA-MB-231 (왼쪽), HS-578T (중앙), BT549 (오른쪽) 세포로부터 단리된 EMT-관련된 유전자의 발현을 보여주는 열 지도. (D) 위쪽에 표시된 바와 같이, CTRL-shRNA 또는 ROR1-shRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, 또는 BT549 (아래쪽에 표시된 바와 같이)의 단백질 용해물의 면역블롯. 면역블롯은 왼쪽에 지시된 단백질에 특이적인 항체로 탐침되었다. (E) 위쪽에 표시된 바와 같이, 대조 벡터 또는 ROR1-발현 벡터로 형질감염된 MCF7의 단백질 용해물의 면역블롯. 면역블롯은 왼쪽에 지시된 단백질에 특이적인 항체로 탐침되었다.
도면 2는 유방암 세포주에 의한 ROR1의 발현이 EMT의 특질 및 더욱 높은 전이 잠재력과 연관된다는 것을 보여준다. (A) 위쪽에 표시된 바와 같이, CTRL-shRNA 또는 ROR1-shRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, 또는 BT549 (왼쪽에 표시된 바와 같이)의 형태학적 변화 (40x). (B) CK-19, E-카드헤린, 또는 비멘틴의 발현은 63x 배율 하에 CTRL-shRNA 또는 ROR1-shRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 면역형광 염색에 의해 검출되었다. (C) 대조 벡터 또는 ROR1-발현 벡터 (위쪽에 표시된 바와 같이)로 형질감염된 MCF7 세포의 형태학적 변화 (40x). (D) CK-19, E-카드헤린, 또는 비멘틴의 발현은 대조 벡터 또는 ROR1-발현 벡터로 형질감염된 MCF7 세포의 면역형광 염색에 의해 검출되었다 (63x 배율). (E) CTRL-shRNA (흑색) 또는 ROR1-shRNA (백색)로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, 또는 BT549에서 세포 이주 (왼쪽 히스토그램) 또는 침입 (오른쪽 히스토그램)에 대한 검정. 모든 데이터는 CTRL-shRNA로 형질감염된 세포의 결과에 대해 정규화되었는데, 이들은 부모 세포주에 대해 언급된 결과와 상이하지 않았다. 결과는 각 검사 군에 대한 평균 값 (± SEM) (n = 검사 군 마다 3). (F) 세포-이주 (위쪽) 또는 침입 (아래쪽)에 대한 검정에서 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 (왼쪽 패널) 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 (오른쪽 패널)의 대표적인 현미경사진. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 3은 ROR1 침묵이 유방 패드 이종이식 후 유방암 전이를 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다. (A) 연구의 I기 또는 II기를 묘사하는 다이어그램. (B) I 기 동안 시간 (일)의 흐름에서 종양 체적. (C) 각 군으로부터 절제된 종양의 중량. (D) 각 군의 원발성 종양의 탈체 광전자 플럭스. (E-F) II 기 동안 각 생쥐의 생체내 (e) 폐 광전자 플럭스 또는 (f) 간 광전자 플럭스는 각 생쥐에 대한 원발성 종양 광전자 플럭스로 정규화되었다. 각 군의 정규화된 폐와 간 광전자 플럭스를 묘사하는 히스토그램. (G) 각 군의 II 기 동안 생체내 폐 광전자 플럭스. (H) 수평 막대는 각 군에 대한 21 일자에 생쥐의 평균 탈체 폐 광전자 플럭스를 지시한다 (왼쪽). 오른쪽에는 각 군으로부터 제거된 폐의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지가 있다. (I) 히스토그램은 각 군에 대한 폐-중량-지수를 나타낸다. (J) 대표적인 H&E-염색된 폐 절편. (K) 수평 막대는 각 군에 대한 21 일자에 생쥐의 평균 탈체 간 광전자 플럭스를 지시한다 (왼쪽). 오른쪽에는 각 군의 21 일자에 제거된 간의 대표적인 생물발광-이미지가 있다. (l) 각 군에 대한 주사된 생쥐의 21 일자에 간의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 절편. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; P>0.05는 유의하지 않은 것으로 고려된다 (N.S.), *P< 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 4는 ROR1 침묵이 생체내에서 MDA-MB-231 세포의 실험적 폐 전이와 뼈 전이를 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다. A) 5x105 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 세포로 i.v. 주입된 생쥐의 Kaplan-Meier 생존 곡선 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P<0.001). (B) 주입 이후에 시간의 흐름에서 각 군의 생체내 폐 광전자 플럭스 (왼쪽). 각 군으로부터 생쥐의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지는 오른쪽에 묘사된다. (C-E) (c) 3 일자, (d) 21 일자, 그리고 (e) 28 일자에 폐의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 절편. (F) 아래쪽 히스토그램은 각 군에 대한 28 일자에 탈체 폐 GFP 광전자 플럭스를 제공한다. 28 일자에 제거된 폐의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지. (G) 28 일자에 각 군으로부터 폐-중량-지수 (아래쪽). 각 군의 폐 (위쪽)의 대표적인 사진. (H) 1x105 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 세포로 i.c. 주입된 생쥐의 Kaplan-Meier 생존 곡선 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P =0.0017). (I) i.c. 종양 주입 이후에 생쥐의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지. 백색 상자는 (j)에서 제공된 생물발광 데이터가 획득된 구역을 규정한다. (J) 히스토그램은 각 군의 정규화된 생체내 뼈 광전자 플럭스를 제공한다. (K) 21 일자에 각 군의 추출된 골반 뼈의 탈체 뼈 광전자 플럭스. 추출된 골반 뼈의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지는 오른쪽에 묘사된다. (L) 각 군으로부터 생쥐의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 조직학적 뼈 절편. 생쥐 카툰은 참고자료 (30)로부터 변형된다. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다 *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 5는 항-ROR1 항체가 생체내에서 MDA-MB-231 세포의 폐 전이를 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다. (A) D10 mAb은 ROR1의 내재화를 유발한다. MDA-MB-231 세포는 대조-IgG-Alexa647 (적색), 또는 D10-Alexa647로 얼음 위에서 30 분 동안 염색되고, 그리고 이후, 유세포분석법에 앞서 얼음 위에서 유지되거나 (청색) 또는 1 시간 동안 37 ℃로 이전되었다 (오렌지). (B) 37℃에서 1 시간 배양 전후에 D10-염색된 (녹색) MDA-MB-231 세포의 공초점 현미경검사. (C) MDA-MB-231 세포는 생존력에서 손실 없이, 플루오로크롬-표지화된, 비-교차 차단 항-ROR1로 염색에 앞서 24 시간 동안 대조 IgG (IgG) 또는 D10와 함께 또는 이것 없이 (-) 처리되었다. 처리된 세포의 평균 형광 강도 (MFI)가 도시된다 (일원 변량분석에 의해 ***P<0.001). (D) D10 또는 대조 IgG로 1, 4, 또는 24 시간 처리 전 (0 시간) 또는 후에 MDA-MB-231로부터 제조된 용해물의 비멘틴 (위쪽) 또는 β-액틴 (아래쪽)에 대해 탐침된 대표적인 면역블롯. 비멘틴 대 β-액틴 띠-강도의 비율은 하기에 제공된다. (E) 대조 IgG (IgG) 또는 항-ROR1 (ROR1)을 이용한 MDA-MB-231 세포-용해물의 면역침전물은 비멘틴 (위쪽) 또는 ROR1 (아래쪽)에 특이적인 항체로 탐침된 면역블롯 분석에 이용되었다. (F) 히스토그램은 D10 또는 대조 IgG로 1 시간 동안 전처리된 이주된 MDA-MB-231 세포의 숫자를 제공한다. (G) 왼쪽, 생체내 폐 광전자 플럭스를 묘사하는 히스토그램. 오른쪽, 폐의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 절편. (H) 그래프는 정규화된 생체내 폐 광전자 플럭스를 묘사한다. (I) IgG (위쪽) 또는 D10 (아래쪽)로 처리된 종양 주입된 생쥐의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지. (J) 히스토그램은 폐-중량-지수를 묘사한다. (K) 폐의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 절편. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, IgG 군과 비교하여.
도면 6은 ROR1 항체 D10의 에피토프를 지도화하는데 이용된 키메라 구조체를 보여준다. 구조체의 밝은 부분은 생쥐이고, 그리고 더욱 어두운 부분은 인간이다.
도면 7은 D10 항체에 대한 에피토프 지도화를 묘사하는데, 이것은 생쥐 ROR1 단백질과 반응하지 않는다. 생쥐 또는 인간 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 138, 142, 또는 160에서 상이한 아미노산 잔기를 갖는다; 인간 ROR1 단백질은 이들 위치에서 아미노산 잔기 E, S, 또는 Y를 갖는 반면, 생쥐 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 138, 142, 또는 160에서 각각, 아미노산 잔기 K, T, 또는 S를 갖는다. 이들 위치에서만 생쥐 또는 인간 아미노산 잔기를 갖는 재조합 인간 ROR1 단백질이 산출되었다. 이들 재조합 단백질은 비-변성 폴리아크릴아미드 겔에서 분리되고, 그리고 이후 나일론에 이전되었는데, 이것은 D10 mAb로 탐침되었다. 이러한 도면에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이, D10은 재조합 단백질 1, 3, 4와 7과 반응하지만, 2, 5, 또는 6과는 반응하지 않는데, 이들은 아래 범례에서 설명된다. 주목할 점은 인간 ROR1 단백질의 위치 138에서 인간 아미노산 잔기 E의 위치 138에서 생쥐 아미노산 잔기 T로 치환이 D10 결합을 제거한다는 것이다.
도면 8은 항-인간 ROR1 항체 4A5에 대한 에피토프 지도화를 보여준다. 생쥐 또는 인간 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 88, 105, 109, 또는 111에서 상이한 아미노산 잔기를 갖는다; 인간 ROR1 단백질은 이들 위치에서 아미노산 잔기 T, L, S, 또는 I를 갖는 반면, 생쥐 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 88, 105, 109, 또는 111에서 각각, 아미노산 잔기 S, I, A, 또는 N을 갖는다. 이들 위치에서만 생쥐 또는 인간 아미노산 잔기를 갖는 재조합 인간 ROR1 단백질이 산출되었다. 이들 재조합 단백질은 비-변성 폴리아크릴아미드 겔에서 분리되고, 그리고 이후 나일론에 이전되었는데, 이것은 4A5 mAb로 탐침되었다. 이러한 도면에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이, 4A5는 재조합 단백질 1, 2, 3, 또는 5 에 결합할 수 있었지만, 4에 결합하지 못하였다. 재조합 단백질 4는 인간 ROR1 단백질에서 발견되는 아미노산 잔기 I 대신에 위치 111에서 생쥐 아미노산 잔기 N을 제외하고, 인간 ROR1 단백질이었다.
도면 9는 항-인간 ROR1 항체 D10이 유방암 세포의 전이를 저해한다는 것을 증명한다. A-B. D10 단일클론 항체는 ROR1 수용체 내재화를 용이하게 한다. C. 24 시간 항-ROR1 항체 D10 처리는 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 ROR1 표면 발현을 감소시킨다. D. ROR1은 유방암 MDA-MB-231 세포에서 비멘틴과 복합체를 형성한다. E. D10 항체 처리는 시험관내에서 비멘틴 발현을 감소시킬 수 있었다. F. 항-인간 ROR1 항체는 시험관내에서 유방암 이주를 감소시킨다. G. D10 단일클론 항체는 MDA-MB-231 유방암 초기 단계 (2 일) 폐 전이를 저해한다. H. D10 단일클론 항체는 MDA-MB-231 유방암 폐 전이를 저해한다. I. 5E5 MDA-MB-231 세포가 주입된 대표적인 생쥐는 배측 위치에서 도시된다. J. 항-인간 ROR1 항체 처리는 MDA-MB-231-보유 생쥐의 폐 중량을 감소시켰다. K. 항-ROR1 항체 처리 후 MDA-MB-231-보유 생쥐로부터 대표적인 폐 H&E 조직학. 오차 막대는 SEM을 표시한다; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; 비대칭 양쪽 스튜던트 t-검증에 기초됨.
도면 10은 mAb D10, 99451, 99961, 또는 99221에 의해 인식된 ROR1 에피토프에 대하여 산출된 높은 친화성 항체를 묘사한다. 생쥐 또는 인간 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 138, 142, 또는 160에서 상이한 아미노산 잔기를 갖는다; 인간 ROR1 단백질은 이들 위치에서 아미노산 잔기 E, S, 또는 Y를 갖는 반면, 생쥐 ROR1 단백질은 아미노산 위치 138, 142, 또는 160에서 각각, 아미노산 잔기 K, T, 또는 S를 갖는다. 이들 위치에서만 생쥐 또는 인간 아미노산 잔기를 갖는 재조합 인간 ROR1 단백질이 산출되었다. 이들 재조합 단백질은 비-변성 폴리아크릴아미드 겔에서 분리되고, 그리고 이후 나일론에 이전되었는데, 이것은 왼쪽 가장자리에 표시된 바와 같이, 3개의 mAb, 99451, 99961, 또는 99221 각각으로 탐침되었다. 이러한 도면에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이, 이들 항체 각각은 재조합 단백질 2, 4, 5, 그리고 8와 반응하지만, 2, 3, 6, 또는 7과는 반응하지 않는데, 이들은 아래 범례에서 설명된다. 주목할 점은 인간 ROR1 단백질의 위치 138에서 인간 아미노산 잔기 E의 위치 138에서 생쥐 아미노산 잔기 T로 치환이 99451, 99961, 또는 99221의 결합을 제거한다는 것이다.
도면 11은 야생형 또는 재조합 ROR1 단백질에 대한 항체 D10 또는 99961의 결합 활성을 묘사한다. 인간 또는 키메라 ROR1 단백질을 인코딩하는 벡터는 293 세포 내로 형질감염되었다. 이것은 재조합 인간-생쥐 키메라 ROR1 단백질의 생산을 허용하였는데, 이것은 이후, 상이한 항-ROR1 mAb로 면역블롯 분석을 위해 비-변성 PAGE 겔 (오른쪽) 또는 SDS-PAGE 겔 (왼쪽)에서 크기 분리될 수 있었다. 이들 결과는 D10과 99961 항체 둘 모두 Ig-유사 도메인의 C-말단에서 동일한 영역에 결합하고, 그리고 D10과 99961이 변성된 조건과 선천적 조건 둘 모두 하에 ROR1에 결합할 수 있다는 것을 지시한다. 주목할 점은 D10과 99961이 13을 제외하고 모든 재조합 단백질에 결합한다는 것이다. #13 키메라 단백질은 도면 6에서 설명된 바와 같다. 전체 인간 세포외 도메인은 어느 한쪽 겔의 왼쪽 끝 레인에서 제공된다.
도면 12는 항-인간 ROR1 항체 99961의 특성화를 보여준다. A, B. 99961 항체는 유전자도입 생쥐에서 CLL 이식을 차단할 수 있었다. C. 99961 항체는 D10 항체보다 대략 50x 큰 결합 친화성을 갖는다.
도면 13은 인간 제대혈 재구성된 면역 결함성 생쥐에서 CLL 세포에 대항하여 99961의 비활성도를 보여준다. A. 99961 항체는 CLL 세포의 >90%를 제거한다. B, C. 99961 항체는 정상적인 B 또는 T 세포 발달에 대한 효과가 없다.
도면 14는 ROR+ 원발성 AML에서 99961의 비활성도를 보여준다.
도면 15는 99961에 의해 인식된 에피토프가 정상적인 조혈 줄기 또는 선조체 세포에 의해 발현되지 않는다는 것을 보여준다.
도면 16은 99961이 정상적인 성체 조직과 교차 반응하지 않는다는 것을 보여준다.
도면 17은 면역 결함성 생쥐에서 99961에 대한 PK 연구를 보여준다.
도면 18은 ROR1 펩티드 백신의 설계를 예시한다. 3개의 상이한 항체 에피토프가 펩티드 A19, R22와 K19를 만드는데 이용되었다. 인간 (위쪽) 또는 생쥐 (아래쪽) ROR1에 상응하는 막대 위에, A19, R22, 또는 K19로 표지화된 막대가 있다. 이들 막대는 ROR1 세포외 도메인 내에 이들 펩티드, A19, R22, 또는 K19의 위치를 설명한다.
도면 19는 KLH를 펩티드에 접합하는데 이용된 방법을 보여준다.
도면 20은 펩티드 R22의 펩티드 설계를 보여준다. KLH에 접합하는데 이용되는 펩티드의 C-말단에 하나의 시스테인이 첨가되었다.
도면 21은 D10과 99961은 R22 펩티드에 결합하는 반면, 4A5는 그렇지 못하다는 것을 보여준다.
도면 22는 BALB/c 생쥐의 R22 면역화를 위한 면역화 계획을 보여준다.
도면 23은 R22 유도된 ROR1 항체가 ROR1에서 결합하는 에피토프의 면역블롯 분석을 보여준다.
도면 24는 C57BL/6 생쥐에서 R22-KLH에 대한 면역화 계획을 보여준다.
도면 25는 4℃ 또는 37℃에서 1 시간 동안 항-R22-KLH 항혈청과 함께 배양되고, 그리고 이후 ROR1 발현의 FACS 분석에 앞서 얼음 위에서 30 분 동안 아이소타입-대조-Alexa647-라벨 항체, 또는 4A5-Alexa647 접합체로 대비염색된 ROR1-양성 MDA-MB-231 유방암 세포의 FACS 분석을 보여준다. 이들 결과는 유전자도입 생쥐로부터 항-ROR1 혈청이 37℃에서 ROR1 수용체 내재화를 유도하지만, 4℃에서는 그렇지 못하다는 것을 보여주었다.
도면 26은 R22-KLH로 면역화된 유전자도입 생쥐로부터 항-ROR1 혈청이 시험관내에서 유방암 이주를 저해한다는 것을 보여준다.
도면 27은 C57BL/6 생쥐에서 R-22-KLH에 대한 면역화 계획을 보여준다.
도면 28은 도면 18에서 설명된 3개의 펩티드 중에서 임의의 하나의 KLH 접합체로 면역화된 생쥐의 항혈청의 적정 곡선을 보여준다. ELISA를 통해 사정될 때 인간 ROR1 단백질로 코팅된 폴리스티렌 평판에 항혈청 결합이 묘사된다.
도면 29는 EW36, JeKo-1, 또는 CLL 세포의 FACS 분석을 보여준다. 본 연구를 위해, R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐로부터 항혈청의 희석은 4℃에서 20 분 동안 이들 세포와 함께 배양되었다. 이들 세포는 이후 세척되고, 그리고 이후 유세포분석법에 의한 검출을 위해 플루오로크롬과 접합된 염소 항-생쥐 Ig로 표지화되었다. 개방성 히스토그램은 세포를 R22-KLH 항혈청과 함께 먼저 배양하지 않으면서 염소 항-생쥐 Ig로 염색된 세포이다. 음영된 히스토그램은 항-R22-KLH 항혈청과 함께 먼저 배양된 세포의 형광이다. 이들 세포의 형광에서 증가는 표면에 결합된 생쥐 항-ROR1 항체에 기인하고, 이들은 이후, 염소 항-생쥐 Ig로 검출되었다. 이들 생쥐의 전-면역화 항혈청 또는 KLH로 면역화된 생쥐의 항혈청은 이들 세포에 결합하지 않았다.
도면 30 - 범례에서 표시된 세포는 세척되고, 그리고 둥근 바닥 96-웰 평판 (Corning Costar) 내에 RPMI/10% FBS에서 웰마다 5x105 세포로 25μl에서 도말되었다. 희석된 항혈청 (25μl) 및 아기 토끼 보체의 25μl의 1:5 희석액이 웰마다 첨가되었다. D10 mAb는 양성 대조로서 이용되었다. 모든 조건은 삼중으로 수행되었다. 평판은 37℃에서 4 시간 동안 배양되었고, 그리고 세포는 DiOC6/PI 염색 및 유세포 계측 분석에 의해 생존력에 대해 즉시 정량되었다. 본 연구는 D10 또는 R22-KLH 펩티드에 대하여 산출된 항혈청이 인간 ROR1을 보유하는 세포의 보체-매개된 용해를 주도할 수 있었다는 것을 지시한다. ROR1을 보유하지 않는 세포는 사멸되지 않았다 (제시되지 않음).
도면 31은 C57BL/6 생쥐에 대한 첫 번째 R22-KLH 면역화 계획을 보여준다. 이러한 펩티드는 키홀 림펫 헤모시아닌 (KLH)과 접합되고, 그리고 이후 상기 예시된 계획에 따라 C57BL/6 생쥐를 면역화시키는데 이용되었다. KLH 또는 R22-KLH의 첫 번째 주사는 완전한 프로인드 어쥬번트 (CFA)에 있었다. 두 번째 및 차후 주사는 불완전 프로인드 어쥬번트 (IFA)에 있었다. 이들 동물은 자주색 화살표로 표시된 일자에 채혈되었다. 첫 번째 주사의 일자 후 44 일에, C57BL/6 생쥐는 또한 B-세포 특정한 프로모터/인핸서 (E-Cμ)의 제어 하에, T-세포-백혈병 1 (TCL1 유전자)에 대해 또한 유전자도입된 인간 ROR1-유전자도입 C57BL/6 생쥐에서 기원된 인간-ROR1-발현 CLL로 공격되었다. 이러한 백혈병은 인간 CLL과 유사하고 인간 표면 ROR1을 발현한다.
도면 32는 R22-KLH로 면역화의 결과를 보여준다. A. R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐와 대비하여 KLH로 면역화된 생쥐로부터 대표적인 비장. B. C57BL/6 생쥐에서 ROR1 펩티드 R22-KLH로 면역화에 의한 ROR1+ CLL의 이식의 저해.
도면 33은 C57BL/6 생쥐에서 R22-KLH에 대한 두 번째 면역화 계획을 보여준다.
도면 34는 R22 펩티드로 면역화의 결과를 보여준다. A. KLH로 면역화된 생쥐 및 R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐로부터 비장. B. C57BL/6 생쥐에서 R22-KLH로 면역화 이후에 ROR1+ CLL의 이식의 저해.
도면 35는 B220 (y-축) 또는 ROR1 (x-축)에 특이적인 플루오로크롬-접합된 mAb를 이용하여, KLH (위쪽 열) 또는 R22-KLH (아래쪽 열)로 면역화된 C57BL/6 생쥐로부터 비장세포의 FACS 분석이다. 이들 세포를 염색하는데 이용된 mAb는 R22-KLH에 의해 유도된 항체보다 ROR1의 비-교차 차단 에피토프에 결합한다. 상자는 백혈병 세포가 검출되는 구역의 윤곽을 그린다. 주목할 점은 R22-KLH 백신으로 면역화된 생쥐의 비장에서 있다 하더라도 훨씬 적은 백혈병 세포가 존재한다는 것이다.
도면 36은 ROR1+ CLL 세포에서 ROR1의 FACS 분석인데, 이것은 ROR1이 C57BL/6 생쥐에서 R22-KLH로 면역화 후 하향조정된다는 것을 지시한다.
도면 37은 KLH 또는 R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 존재하는 CD8+ T 세포의 FACS 분석이다. A. R22로 면역화는 CD8+ T 세포의 숫자에서 증가를 유발하는데, 이것은 KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 부재하였다. 아래쪽 패널은 KLH, 또는 R22-KLH로 75 일 전에 최초 면역화된 생쥐의 비장으로부터 CD8 + T 세포의 백분율을 보여준다.
도면 38은 ROR1 유전자도입 생쥐의 R22-KLH 면역화를 위한 면역화 계획을 보여준다.
도면 39는 ROR1-Tg 생쥐에서 ROR1 펩티드 R22로 면역화에 의한 ROR+ CLL 이식의 저해의 FACS 분석이다.
도면 40은 ROR1 유전자도입 생쥐에서 R22-KLH로 면역화의 결과를 보여준다. ROR1+ CLL는 ROR1 유전자도입 생쥐에서 R22-KLH로 면역화 이후에 저해되었다.
도면 41은 ROR1+ CLL 세포에서 ROR1의 FACS 분석인데, 이것은 ROR1이 ROR1 유전자도입 생쥐에서 R22-KLH로 면역화 후 하향조정된다는 것을 지시한다.
도면 42는 KLH 또는 R22-KLH로 면역화된 ROR1-Tg 생쥐에서 존재하는 CD3+ T 림프구의 FACS 분석이다. 패널 A는 R22-KLH로 면역화가 T 림프구의 증식을 유발한다는 것을 보여준다. 패널 B는 75 일자에 생쥐의 비장으로부터 수확된 CD3+ T 림프구의 백분율을 보여준다.
도면 43은 KLH 또는 R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 존재하는 CD4+ T 세포의 FACS 분석이다. 패널 A는 R22-KLH로 면역화가 CD4+ T 세포의 숫자에서 증가를 유발한다는 것을 보여주는데, 이것은 KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 검출되지 않았다. 패널 B는 75 일자에 생쥐의 비장으로부터 수확된 CD4 + T 세포의 백분율을 보여준다.
도면 44는 KLH 또는 R22-KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 존재하는 CD8+ T 세포의 FACS 분석이다. 패널 A는 R22-KLH로 면역화가 CD8+ T 세포의 숫자에서 증가를 유발한다는 것을 보여주는데, 이것은 KLH로 면역화된 생쥐에서 검출되지 않았다. 패널 B는 75 일자에 생쥐의 비장으로부터 수확된 CD8 + T 세포의 백분율을 보여준다.
도면 45는 유방암에서 ROR1의 높은-수준 발현이 더욱 짧은 폐, 뼈 및 뇌 전이없는 생존과 연관된다는 것을 보여준다. 그래프는 PubMed GEO 데이터베이스 (GSE2603, GSE5327, GSE2034, 그리고 GSE12276)를 통해 가용한 공개된 데이터로부터 유래되었다. Kaplan-Meier 곡선은 (A) 폐 전이없는 생존, (B) 뼈 전이없는 생존, 또는 (C) 뇌 전이없는 생존에 대한 ROR1 발현의 예측적 충격을 묘사한다. 각 분석을 위해, 582 사례가 삼분위로 격리되었는데, ROR1H로 지정된 군은 가장 높은 수준의 ROR1 mRNA를 갖는 종양을 앓는 1/3의 환자를 나타내고, 그리고 ROR1L로 지정된 군은 가장 낮은 수준의 ROR1 mRNA를 갖는 암을 앓는 1/3의 환자를 나타낸다. ROR1 mRNA의 중간 발현을 갖는 종양을 앓는 1/3의 환자는 ROR1M으로서 지정되었다. 전이없는 생존은 Kaplan-Meier 분석에 의해 결정되었고, 그리고 통계학적 차이는 로그 순위 검증에 의해 결정되었다. 각 범주에서 환자의 숫자, 전체 전이성 이벤트, 그리고 상응하는 P 값 (카이제곱 검증)은 포함된 표에서 도시된다.
도면 46은 유방암에서 ROR1의 높은-수준 발현이 더욱 짧은 전이없는 생존과 연관되고, 그리고 그들의 ER, PR 및 HER2 상태로부터 독립된다는 것을 보여준다. 유방 선암종을 앓는 582명 환자의 코호트가 생존 분석에서 포함되었다. (A) ERNeg (n = 242) 및 ER+ (n = 325) 유방암 환자 (왼쪽 패널), PRNeg (n = 274) 및 PR+ (n = 271) 유방암 환자 (중심 패널), 그리고 HER2Neg (n = 404) 및 HER2+ (n = 106) 유방암 환자 (오른쪽 패널)의 악성 세포의 ROR1 mRNA 발현의 수준의 비교. 결과는 평균 ± SEM이다. p 값은 스튜던트 t-검증에 의해 결정되었다. (B) 전반적인-전이없는 생존에 대한 ER 상태의 예측적 충격 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P = 0.13). (C) 전반적인-전이없는 생존에 대한 ER 상태 및 ROR1 mRNA 발현의 예측적 충격 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P < 0.0001). (D) 전반적인-전이없는 생존에서 PR 상태 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P = 0.0007). (E) 전반적인 전이없는 생존에 대한 PR 상태 및 ROR1 mRNA 발현의 예측적 충격 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P < 0.0001). (F) 전반적인-전이없는 생존에서 HER2 상태 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P = 0.16). (G) 전반적인 전이없는 생존에 대한 HER2 상태 및 ROR1 mRNA 발현의 예측적 충격 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P < 0.0001).
도면 47은 유방암 세포주에 의한 ROR1의 발현이 EMT의 특질과 연관된다는 것을 보여준다. (A) CTRL-shRNA 또는 ROR1-shRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231로부터 용해물의 면역블롯은 왼쪽에 표시된 바와 같이, ROR1 (위쪽) 또는 β-액틴 (아래쪽)에 특이적인 항체로 탐침되었다. (B) 삼중 표본에서 qRT-PCR을 통해 검출될 때, VIM 및 KRT19의 평균량 (± SEM). 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 48은 ROR1을 침묵시키는 것이 CXCR4의 발현을 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다. (A) 히스토그램은 각 히스토그램의 아래쪽에 표시된 바와 같이, CTRL-shRNA2 또는 ROR1-shRNA2로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231의 삼중 표본에서 qRT-PCR을 통해 검출된 CXCR4 mRNA의 양을 지시한다. (B) 각각 항-CXCR4-APC mAb 또는 아이소타입-대조 mAb (음영된 히스토그램)로 염색된 ROR1-shRNA2 (녹색선을 갖는 개방성 히스토그램) 또는 CTRL-shRNA2 (청색선을 갖는 개방성 히스토그램) 형질도입된 MDA-MB-231 세포의 대표적인 유세포분석법 형광 히스토그램. (C) 세포는 아래쪽 챔버에 200 ng/ml의 최종 농도로 첨가된 CXCL12에 대한 화학주성을 조사하기 위해, BD MatrigelTM 없이 트랜스웰의 위쪽 챔버 내로 파종되었다. 37℃에서 6 시간 동안 이주된 세포는 10x 배율 하에 계수되었다. 이들 히스토그램은 각각, 히스토그램의 아래쪽에 표시된 바와 같이 CNTL-shRNA 또는 ROR1-shRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 세포로 파종된 3개의 챔버 각각에서 이주된 세포의 숫자를 제공한다. 결과는 3가지 독립된 실험을 대표한다. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 49는 ROR1을 침묵시키는 것이 EMT 유전자 발현을 조절한다는 것을 보여준다. 히스토그램은 CTRL-siRNA 또는 ROR1-siRNA로 형질감염된 MDA-MB-231(A), HS578T(B), 그리고 BT549(C)의 삼중 표본에서 qRT-PCR을 통해 검출된, 각 히스토그램의 아래쪽에 표시된 바와 같이 다양한 유전자의 상대적 mRNA 양을 지시한다. 결과는 2가지 독립된 실험을 대표한다. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, CTRL-siRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 50은 ROR1을 침묵시키는 것이 주입의 부위에서 정위 이종이식편의 중간 후기-성장 저해, 하지만 실험적 폐 전이의 강한 저해를 유발한다는 것을 보여준다. (A) RAG-/-γc-/- 생쥐는 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231의 피하 (s.c.) 또는 정맥내 (i.v.) 주입이 제공되었다. 각 생쥐의 주입된 유방 지방체에서 원발성 종양 또는 폐의 생물발광 광전자 플럭스는 종양의 주입 이후에 첫 번째 계량에 대해 검출된 광전자 플럭스에 대하여 정규화되었다 (100은 초기 계량의 일자에 검출된 광전자 플럭스의 100%를 나타낸다) (위쪽 패널). 위쪽 3개의 그래프는 1x106 (왼쪽), 5x105 (중심), 또는 2.5x105 (오른쪽) 표시된 세포의 s.c. 주입이 제공된 생쥐의 유방 지방체의 정규화된 생물발광 광전자 플럭스를 묘사한다. 아래쪽 그래프는 1x106 (왼쪽), 5x105 (중심), 또는 2.5x105 (오른쪽) 표시된 세포의 i.v. 주입이 제공된 생쥐의 폐의 정규화된 생물발광 광전자 플럭스를 제공한다. (주의: 아래쪽 왼쪽 그래프는 1x106 표시된 세포의 i.v. 주입이 제공된 생쥐의 폐의 실제 평균 생물발광 광전자 플럭스를 묘사한다. (B) 히스토그램은 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 (흑색) 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 (회색) 또는 세포 없음 (백색)이 i.v. 주입된 21 일자에 각 군의 생쥐 (n=5-8)에 대한 폐-중량-지수를 묘사한다. P 값은 일원 변량분석에 의해 결정되었다. (C) 21 일자에 각 군으로부터 생쥐의 대표적인 폐의 H&E-염색된 절편. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 51은 실험적 전이성 초점의 면역조직화학을 보여준다. RAG-/-γc-/- 생쥐는 5x105 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 (위쪽 패널) 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 MDA-MB-231 (아래쪽 패널)의 정맥내 (i.v.) 주입이 제공되었다. (A) 폐의 절편은 21 일자에 안락사된 동물로부터 제조되었다. ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 세포가 주입된 생쥐의 폐는 극소수의 전이성 초점을 가졌는데, 이들은 면역조직화학 분석을 위해 확인되었다. 절편은 Ki67+, CK-19, 또는 비멘틴에 특이적인 mAb, 또는 말단 데옥시뉴클레오티딜 전달효소 dUTP 틈 단부 표지화 (Tunnel)로 염색되었다. (40x 배율). (B) (a)에서처럼 폐의 절편은 포스포-AKT (왼쪽 패널) 또는 포스포-CREB (오른쪽 패널)에 특이적인 mAb로 염색되었다 (40x 배율).
도면 52는 ROR1을 침묵시키는 것이 MDA-MB-231 유래된 세포주 LM2-4175 및 BoM-1833의 폐 전이와 뼈 전이를 생체내에서 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다. (A) LM2-4175 세포가 폐로 우선적으로 전이하고, 그리고 BoM-1833 세포가 뼈로 우선적으로 전이한다는 것을 보여주는 계통도. LM2-4175 및 BoM-1833에서 ROR1 발현을 보여주는 유세포분석법 분석. 생쥐 카툰은 참고문헌 (Cancer Cell, 2009;1;67-78)으로부터 변형된다 (B-C). ROR1-shRNA2를 이용하여, LM2-4175 및 BoM-1833에서 ROR1 침묵 효율을 보여주는 유세포분석법 분석. (D) 생쥐는 2x105 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 LM2-4175 세포의 i.v. 주입이 각각 제공되었다. 왼쪽, 각 군의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지; 오른쪽, 각 군의 정규화된 생체내 폐 광전자 플럭스. (E) 2x105 표시된 LM2-4175 세포가 i.v. 주입된 생쥐의 Kaplan-Meier 생존 곡선 (로그 순위 검증에 의해 P <0.0001). (F) 21 일자에 각 군의 폐-중량-지수 (아래쪽). 각 군의 폐의 대표적인 사진 (위쪽). (G) 21 일자에 각 군의 탈체 폐 GFP 광전자 플럭스 (아래쪽). 각 군의 뼈의 대표적인 사진 (위쪽). (H) 21 일자에 폐의 대표적인 H&E-염색된 조직학적 절편. (I) 생쥐는 1x105 CTRL-shRNA-형질감염된 또는 ROR1-shRNA-형질감염된 BoM-1833 세포의 i.c. 주입이 각각 제공되었다. 위쪽, 각 군의 대표적인 생물발광 이미지; 아래쪽, 각 군의 정규화된 생체내 뼈 광전자 플럭스. (J) 21 일자에 대표적인 뼈 탈체 광전자 플럭스 및 뼈의 H&E-염색된 조직학적 절편. (K) 21 일자에 대표적인 간 탈체 광전자 플럭스 및 간의 H&E-염색된 조직학적 절편. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, CTRL-shRNA 군과 비교하여.
도면 53은 ROR1을 침묵시키는 것이 HS-578T 및 BT549의 이주를 시험관내에서 저해한다는 것을 보여준다. 데이터는 평균 ± SEM으로서 도시된다; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, 대조 IgG로 처리된 세포와 비교하여.
Claims (1)
- 항체 99961과 동일한 결합 특이성을 갖는 단리된 항-ROR1 항체.
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