KR102770494B1 - 아연 이차전지용 전극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 - Google Patents
아연 이차전지용 전극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102770494B1 KR102770494B1 KR1020180163512A KR20180163512A KR102770494B1 KR 102770494 B1 KR102770494 B1 KR 102770494B1 KR 1020180163512 A KR1020180163512 A KR 1020180163512A KR 20180163512 A KR20180163512 A KR 20180163512A KR 102770494 B1 KR102770494 B1 KR 102770494B1
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(methylamino)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(NC)NC SWVGZFQJXVPIKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전극 활물질의 제조방법을 나타내는 개략도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 이차전지를 나타내는 개략도이다.
도 4a 및 도 4b는 각각 제조예 1 및 비교예 1에서 얻어진 분말들에 대한 XRD(X-ray diffraction) 분석결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5a 및 도 5b는 각각 제조예 1 및 비교예 1에서 얻어진 분말을 촬영한 SEM(scanning electron microscopy)을 나타내는 사진이다.
도 6 a 및 도 6b는 제조예 2 및 비교예 2에서 얻어진 아연 이온 반전지들의 1C 전류밀도에서의 사이클 횟수에 따른 충방전 특성을 나타낸 그래프들이다.
도 7a 및 도 7b는 제조예 2 및 비교예 2에서 얻어진 아연 이온 반전지들의 0.1C부터 10C 의 전류 밀도 범위 내에서의 용량을 나타낸 것으로, C-rate 특성을 나타낸 그래프들이다.
도 8은 본 발명의 제조예 2로부터 얻어진 아연 이온 반전지의 5C 전류밀도에서의 사이클 횟수에 따른 충방전 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
110 : 제2 전극 집전체
120 : 제2 전극 활물질층
130 : 세퍼레이터
140 : 제1 전극 활물질층
150 : 제1 전극 집전체
160 : 전해질
Claims (18)
- 제1 전극, 제2 전극 및 상기 제1 전극과 상기 제2 전극 사이에 배치된 전해질을 포함하는 것으로,
상기 제1 전극에 포함되는 활물질은 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물/그래핀 산화물 복합체이며,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 알칼리 금속층들과 바나듐 산화물층들이 교호 적층된 층상 구조를 갖고,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 KxV3O8이고, x는 2 내지 2.2인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 정방정계(tetragonal) 결정구조를 갖는 것인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 P4bm 공간군을 갖는 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 바나듐 산화물층은 사각뿔형(tetragonal pyramid type)의 VO5와 사면체형(tetrahedral type)의 VO4가 코너를 공유하면서 형성된 아연 이온 이차전지. - 삭제
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 K2V3O8인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 그래핀 산화물은 환원 그래핀 산화물인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 층상 구조 내의 빈 공간에 아연 이온이 삽입되거나 또는 삽입된 아연 이온이 탈리되는 것인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물/그래핀 산화물 복합체는 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물 입자들과 더불어서 상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물 입자들을 고정하는 그래핀 산화물 시트를 포함하는 복합체인 아연 이온 이차전지. - 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물 입자들; 및
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물 입자들을 고정하는 그래핀 산화물 시트를 포함하는 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물/그래핀 산화물 복합체이며,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 알칼리 금속층들과 바나듐 산화물층들이 교호 적층된 층상 구조를 갖고,
상기 알칼리 금속-바나듐 산화물은 KxV3O8이고, x는 2 내지 2.2인 전극 활물질. - 청구항 10에 있어서,
상기 바나듐 산화물층은 사각뿔형(tetragonal pyramidal type)의 VO5와 사면체형(tetrahedral type)의 VO4가 코너를 공유하면서 형성된 전극 활물질. - 삭제
- 청구항 10에 있어서,
상기 그래핀 산화물은 환원 그래핀 산화물인 전극 활물질. - 바나듐 산화물, KOH 및 용매를 함유하여 용액을 제조하는 제1 단계;
상기 용액 내에 환원 그래핀 산화물을 넣어 혼합액을 제조하는 제2 단계; 및
상기 혼합액을 밀폐된 반응기에 내에 넣고 상기 용매의 비등점 이상에서 열처리하여 용매열 합성을 진행하는 제3 단계를 포함하는 청구항 10의 전극 활물질 제조방법. - 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 용매는 무수 알코올인 전극 활물질 제조방법. - 청구항 15에 있어서,
상기 무수 알코올은 무수 에탄올인 전극 활물질 제조방법. - 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 용매열 합성 단계는 170 내지 230℃에서 진행되는 전극 활물질 제조방법. - 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 용매열 합성 단계는 22 내지 26시간동안 진행되는 전극 활물질 제조방법.
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