KR102634600B1 - 리튬이온 이차전지용 금속계-카본 복합 음극재, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬이온 이차전지용 금속계-카본 복합 음극재, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102634600B1 KR102634600B1 KR1020200164149A KR20200164149A KR102634600B1 KR 102634600 B1 KR102634600 B1 KR 102634600B1 KR 1020200164149 A KR1020200164149 A KR 1020200164149A KR 20200164149 A KR20200164149 A KR 20200164149A KR 102634600 B1 KR102634600 B1 KR 102634600B1
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- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- secondary battery
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- carbon
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002180 crystalline carbon material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCOOC1 OIXUJRCCNNHWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 개시 일 비교예의 금속계-탄소계 복합 음극 활물질을 도시한 것이다.
예 | 리튬과 전기화학적으로 합금반응을 하는 물질 (wt%) |
전기화학 평가 결과 | ||
초기효율* | 50th 수명** | 팽창률*** | ||
85%이상 | 60% 이상 | 105% 이하 | ||
실시예1 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 85 + 실리콘산화물 15 | 86.8 | 67.2 | 98.7 |
실시예2 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 80 + 실리콘산화물 20 | 85.7 | 71.1 | 95.2 |
실시예3 | 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 85 + 실리콘산화물 15 | 85.3 | 61.1 | 101.1 |
실시예 4 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 90 + 실리콘산화물 10 | 87.1 | 73.5 | 100.3 |
실시예 5 | 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 90 + 실리콘산화물 10 | 86.4 | 69.7 | 102.5 |
비교예1 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 100 | 88.1 | 56.2 | 110.5 |
비교예2 | 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 100 | 86.2 | 45.5 | 120.3 |
비교예3 | 실리콘산화물 100 | 78.6 | 83.3 | 90.9 |
비교예4 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 70 + 실리콘산화물 30 | 84.6 | 59.5 | 102.1 |
비교예5 | 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 70 + 실리콘산화물 30 | 83.5 | 54.2 | 112.2 |
비교예6 | 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 70 + 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 30 | 87.4 | 51.1 | 111.9 |
비교예7 | 증착형 실리콘 나노입자 70 + 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자 30 | 86.7 | 45.2 | 115.7 |
비교예8 | 실리콘 나노입자(분쇄형:증착형5:5) 85 + 실리콘산화물 15 | 85.9 | 55.5 | 109.8 |
Claims (15)
- 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질로서,
탄소계 물질에 복수개의 실리콘계 물질을 포함하는 탄화된 실리콘-탄소계 복합체이고,
상기 실리콘계 물질은 실리콘 나노입자 및 실리콘 산화물로 이루어지고,
상기 실리콘 나노입자 및 상기 실리콘 산화물은 상기 탄소계 물질이 이루는 매트릭스 내에 고르게 분산된 구조를 이루며,
상기 실리콘계 물질 100 중량부에 대하여 상기 실리콘 산화물의 함량은 20 중량부 이하이며,
상기 실리콘 나노입자는 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 분쇄형 실리콘 나노입자는 입도 D50이 30nm 이상 및 200nm 이하이고,
분쇄형 실리콘 전체 중량의 90 중량% 이상의 종횡비가 3 초과인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 실리콘 산화물은 SiOx이고, x는 0.6 이상 및 1.1 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 실리콘 산화물는 입도 D50이 1㎛ 이상 및 10㎛ 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질은,
탄소계 물질 100 중량부에 대하여 실리콘계 물질을 50 중량부 이상 및 85 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질. - 복수개의 실리콘계 물질을 결정질 탄소계 물질과 함께 구형화하여 구형화된 입자를 수득하는 단계;
상기 구형화된 입자를 비정질 탄소계 전구체 물질과 복합화 하여 복합체를 수득하는 단계; 및
상기 복합체를 탄화시키는 단계;를 포함하고,
상기 실리콘계 물질은 실리콘 나노입자 및 실리콘 산화물을 포함하는 단순 혼합물이며,
상기 실리콘계 물질 100 중량부에 대하여 상기 실리콘 산화물의 함량은 25 중량부 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
구형화된 입자를 수득하는 단계;에서
복수개의 실리콘계 물질은 실리콘 나노입자와 실리콘 산화물이 분산된 상태인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
구형화된 입자를 수득하는 단계;는
실리콘계 물질을 용매에 결정질 탄소계 물질과 함께 침지 후 건조시켜 구형화 하는 단계인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
복합체를 수득하는 단계;는
구형화된 입자와 비정질 탄소계 전구체 물질을 건식 방법 또는 습식 방법으로 혼합하고 결착시키는 단계인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
복합체를 수득하는 단계;에서
비정질 탄소계 전구체 물질은 고정 탄소가 50 내지 80중량%이고, 연화점이 300℃ 이하인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제12항에 있어서,
상기 비정질 탄소계 전구체 물질은 이흑연화 탄소 전구체 물질 또는 난흑연화 탄소 전구체 물질 또는 이들의 조합인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서,
상기 복합체를 탄화시키는 단계;는
800℃ 이상 및 1000℃ 이하 온도에서 0.5 시간 이상 및 2 시간 이하 동안 탄화시키는 단계인, 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질의 제조방법. - 양극;
음극; 및
전해질을 포함하고,
상기 음극은 제1항, 제3항 및 제5항 내지 제7항 중 어느 하나의 항의 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지.
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