KR102473531B1 - 복합 전극활물질, 이를 채용한 전극과 리튬전지, 및 복합 전극활물질 제조방법 - Google Patents
복합 전극활물질, 이를 채용한 전극과 리튬전지, 및 복합 전극활물질 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102473531B1 KR102473531B1 KR1020150135550A KR20150135550A KR102473531B1 KR 102473531 B1 KR102473531 B1 KR 102473531B1 KR 1020150135550 A KR1020150135550 A KR 1020150135550A KR 20150135550 A KR20150135550 A KR 20150135550A KR 102473531 B1 KR102473531 B1 KR 102473531B1
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- oxide
- lithium
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Abstract
Description
도 2a는 실시예 1에서 제조된 복합 음극활물질에 대한 XRD 스펙트럼이다.
도 2b는 비교예 2에서 제조된 복합 음극활물질에 대한 XRD 스펙트럼이다.
도 3은 제조예 1 내지 4 및 비교제조예 1에서 제조된 스피넬 구조를 가지는에서 산화물의 XPS 스펙트럼이다.
도 4는 실시예 15 내지 17 및 비교예 15 및 21에서 제조된 리튬 전지의 수명에서 특성 그래프이다.
도 5는 일구현예에 따른 리튬전지의 모식도이다.
50th 사이클에서의 용량유지율 [%] |
초기 쿨롱 효율 [%] |
|
비교예 15 | 10 | 80 |
비교예 16 | 63 | 77 |
비교예 17 | 59 | 62 |
비교예 18 | 60 | 75 |
비교예 19 | 87 | 79 |
비교예 20 | 85 | 78 |
실시예 13 | 89 | 79 |
실시예 14 | 92 | 79 |
100th 사이클에서의 용량유지율 [%] | |
비교예 15 | 55 |
비교예 21 | 63 |
실시예 15 | 68 |
실시예 16 | 71 |
실시예 17 | 73 |
실시예 18 | 66 |
Claims (20)
- 리튬의 흡장방출이 가능한 코어; 및
상기 코어 상의 적어도 일부에 형성된 표면처리층을 포함하며,
상기 표면처리층이 스피넬 구조를 가지며 도판트를 함유하는 리튬-비함유 산화물을 포함하며,
상기 도판트가 F, S, N, B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소를 포함하는 복합 전극활물질. - 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트가 F, BF4, 및 PF6 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물의 XPS 스펙트럼에서 도판트의 함량이 증가함에 따라 리튬- 비함유 산화물이 포함하는 금속의 바인딩 에너지가 증가하는 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트의 함량이 산화물 1몰에 대하여 0.1몰 이하인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 복합 전극활물질:
<화학식 1>
AB2O4-aXa
상기 식에서,
0<a≤0.1
A가 Sn, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Ca, Fe, V, Pb, Co, Ge, Cd, Hg, Sr, Mn, Al, W, 및 Be 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며,
B가 Mg, Zn, Al, V, Mn, Ga, Cr, Fe, Rh, Ni, In, Co, 및 Mn 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며,
X가 F, S, N, B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며,
A와 B가 서로 다르다. - 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트를 함유하는 산화물이 SnMg2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1) SnZn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MoAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CuAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnV2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiMn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnMn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), NiAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgGa2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnGa2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CaGa2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiMg2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), VMg2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgV2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), FeV2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnV2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MnCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), FeCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CoCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), NiCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CuCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CdCr2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiMn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnMn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MnFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CoFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), NiFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CuFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CdFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), AlFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), PbFe2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgCo2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiCo2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnCo2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), SnCo2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), FeNi2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), GeNi2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgRh2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnRh2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), TiZn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), SrAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CrAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MoAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), FeAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CoAl2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgGa2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), ZnGa2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), MgIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CaIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), FeIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CoIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), NiIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), CdIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1), 및 HgIn2O4-aXa(0<a≤0.1) 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며, 상기 X는 F, S, N, B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 복합 전극활물질:
<화학식 1>
AB2O4-aFa
상기 식에서,
0<a≤0.1
A가 Sn, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Ca, Fe, V, Pb, Co, Ge, Cd, Hg, Sr, Mn, Al, W, 및 Be 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며,
B가 Mg, Zn, Al, V, Mn, Ga, Cr, Fe, Rh, Ni, In, Co, 및 Mn 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상이며,
A와 B가 서로 다르다. - 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물이 SnMg2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1) SnZn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MoAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CuAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnV2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiMn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnMn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), NiAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgGa2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnGa2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CaGa2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiMg2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), VMg2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgV2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), FeV2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnV2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MnCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), FeCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CoCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), NiCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CuCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CdCr2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiMn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnMn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MnFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CoFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), NiFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CuFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CdFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), AlFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), PbFe2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgCo2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiCo2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnCo2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), SnCo2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), FeNi2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), GeNi2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgRh2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnRh2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), TiZn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), SrAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CrAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MoAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), FeAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CoAl2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgGa2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), ZnGa2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), MgIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CaIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), FeIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CoIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), NiIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), CdIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1), 및 HgIn2O4-aFa(0<a≤0.1) 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물이 SnMg2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05), SnZn2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05), MgAl2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05), CuAl2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05), ZnAl2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05) 및 NiAl2O4-aFa(0.001≤a≤0.05) 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트를 포함하는 산화물의 함량이 전극활물질 총 중량의 50중량%이하인 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 코어가 음극활물질을 포함하는 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 코어가 리튬 금속, 리튬과 합금 가능한 금속, 전이금속 산화물, 및 비전이금속산화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 복합 전극활물질.
- 제12 항에 있어서, 상기 코어가 탄소계 재료를 추가적으로 포함하는 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 코어가 양극활물질을 포함하는 복합 전극활물질.
- 제1 항 내지 제14 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 전극활물질을 포함하는 전극.
- 제15 항에 따른 전극을 포함하는 리튬전지.
- 스피넬 구조를 가지며 도판트를 함유하는 리튬-비함유 산화물을 준비하는 단계;
전극활물질을 포함하는 코어와 상기 도판트 함유 산화물을 혼합하는 단계; 및
건식 방법으로 상기 코어 상에 도판트 함유 산화물을 포함하는 표면처리층을 형성시키는 단계를 포함하며,
상기 도판트가 F, S, N, B 및 P로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 원소를 포함하는 복합 전극활물질 제조방법. - 제17 항에 있어서, 상기 건식 방법이 유성 볼밀(ball mill)법, 저속 볼밀법, 고속 볼밀법, 혼성화법(hybridization)법, 메카노퓨전(mechanofusion)법으로 이루어지는 군에서 선택된 하나의 방법을 사용하는 제조방법.
- 제17 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물의 준비가
리튬-비함유 산화물과 도판트 전구체를 밀링하여 혼합물을 준비하는 단계; 및
상기 혼합물을 소성시켜 도판트 함유 산화물을 준비하는 단계;를 포함하는 제조방법. - 제17 항에 있어서, 상기 도판트 함유 산화물의 준비가
리튬-비함유 산화물 전구체와 도판트 전구체를 밀링하여 혼합물을 준비하는 단계; 및
상기 혼합물을 소성하여 도판트 함유 산화물을 준비하는 단계;를 포함하는 제조방법.
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