KR102101774B1 - 바독솔론 메틸의 2,2-다이플루오로프로피온아미드 유도체, 그의 다형태 및 사용 방법 - Google Patents
바독솔론 메틸의 2,2-다이플루오로프로피온아미드 유도체, 그의 다형태 및 사용 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 1 - RAW264.7 세포에서 IFNγ-유도된 산화 질소 생산 및 세포 생육성에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 2a & b - 산화방지성 반응 요소(ARE) 활성화에 대한 RTA 408의 효과: (a) NQO1-ARE 루시페라제 활성; (b) GSTA2-ARE 루시페라제 활성.
도 3a-f - (a) RTA 402; (b) 63415 (RTA 408); (c) 63170; (d) 63171; (e) 63179; 및 (f) 63189에 의한 세포 처리 후 상대적인 Nrf2 GST ARE 증가 배수 (fold increase). 그래프들은 또한 WST1 세포 증식 시약을 사용하고 1 시간 후 흡광도를 측정하여 분석된 바와 같은 세포의 생육성을 도시한다. 모든 약물은 DMSO 중에서 투여되었으며 세포는 10% FBS, 1% 페니실린 스트렙토마이신 및 0.8 ㎎/㎖ 제네티신이 보충된 DMEM 저 글루코스 중에서 384-웰 플레이트에서 10,000 세포/웰로 생육되었다.
도 4a-d - HFL1 폐 섬유아세포에서 Nrf2 표적 유전자 발현에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) NQO1; (b) HMOX1; (c) GCLM; (d) TXNRD1.
도 5a-d - BEAS-2B 기관지 상피 세포에서 Nrf2 표적 유전자 발현에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) NQO1; (b) HMOX1; (c) GCLM; (d) TXNRD1.
도 6a & b - Nrf2 표적 단백질 수준에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) SH-SY5Y 세포; (b) BV2 세포.
도 7 - RAW264.7 세포에서 NQO1 효소 활성에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 8 - AML-12 간세포 세포주에서 전체 글루타치온 수준에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 9 - NADPH의 마커로서 WST-1 흡광도에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 10a-d - NADPH 합성에 관여하는 유전자들의 발현에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) H6PD; (b) PGD; (c) TKT; (d) ME1.
도 11a & b - (a) WST1 생육성 및 WST1/2 생육성이 더해진 마우스 NIH3T3 세포주에서 NF-κB 루시페라제 리포터의 TNF-α-유도된 활성화에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (b) 마우스 NIH3T3 세포주에서 NF-κB 루시페라제 리포터의 TNF-α-유도된 활성화. 그래프는 RTA 408 농도에서 로그 변화의 함수로서 상대적인 변화 배수를 도시한다.
도 12 - NF-κB 루시페라제 리포터 구조물의 TNF-α-유도된 활성화에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 13a & b - (a) WST1 생육성 및 WST1/2 생육성이 더해진 인간 A549 세포주에서 NF-κB 루시페라제 리포터의 TNF-α-유도된 활성화에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (b) 인간 A549 세포주에서 NF-κB 루시페라제 리포터의 TNF-α-유도된 활성화. 그래프는 RTA 408 농도에서 로그 변화의 함수로서 상대적인 변화 배수를 도시한다.
도 14 - IκBα의 TNF-α-유도된 인산화에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 15a-d - 트랜스아미나제 유전자 발현에 대한 RTA 408의 효과: (a) ALT1 (GPT1); (b) ALT2 (GPT2); (c) AST1 (GOT1); (d) AST1 (GOT2). 별표는 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다(*P<0.05; **P<0.01).
도 16 - 배양된 근육 세포에서 피루베이트 수준에 대한 RTA 408의 효과(*P<0.05).
도 17 - 폐 LPS-매개된 염증의 모델에서 63415의 효과(LPS 처리에 대한 염증전 사이토킨의 변화%). 암컷 BALB/c 마우스에서 화합물 63415를 0, 24 및 48 시간째에 QDx3 투여한 다음 63415의 최종 투여 후 1 시간째에 LPS를 투여하였다. 동물들을 LPS 투여 후 20 시간째에 죽였다. BALF를 염증전 사이토킨 발현에 대해 검사하였다. 화합물 63415는 용량-의존적인 방식으로 염증전 사이토킨을 감소시켰으며, 이때 TNF-α, IL-6 및 IL-12에서 50% 내지 80% 범위의 피크 감소가 있었다.
도 18a & b - 마우스에서 LPS-유발된 폐 염증에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) 염증성 사이토킨; (b) Nrf2 표적. RTA 408을 암컷 BALB/c 마우스(n=10)에게 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 및 120 시간째에 QDx6 투여한 다음 LPS를 121 시간째에 투여하고, 동물을 141 시간째에 죽였다. 염증전 사이토킨 단백질 발현을 BALF에서 분석하였다. Nrf2 생물마커를 폐에서 분석하였다. 별표는 염수 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다(*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001).
도 19a & b - 블레오마이신-유발된 폐 염증에서 BALF 침윤물에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) BAL 유동 세포 카운트; (b) 체중. 화합물 63415를 C57BL/6 마우스에서 -10 내지 28일에 QDx39 투여하였다. 블레오마이신을 0일에 제공하였다. 매일 중량을 측정하였다. 죽였을 때의 BALF 세포 카운트를 획득하였다. 현저한 염증 침윤물의 감소가 관찰되었다. 만성 염증 점수, 간질성 섬유증, 또는 섬유성 병소의 수에서 현저한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다.
도 20a & b - 랫트에서 블레오마이신-유발된 폐 섬유증에 대한 RTA 408의 효과: (a) PMN; (b) 하이드록시프롤린. 별표는 블레오마이신 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다(*P<0.05).
도 21 - 블레오마이신-유발된 폐 섬유증이 있는 랫트로부터의 폐에서 Nrf2 표적 효소에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. 별표는 염수 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다(*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001).
도 22a-e - 마우스에서 담배 연기-유발된 COPD에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. (a) KC; (b) IL-6; (c) TNF-α; (d) IFN-γ; (e) RANTES. RTA 408(63415)을 3 ㎎/㎏(낮은), 10 ㎎/㎏(중간), 및 30 ㎎/㎏(높은)의 용량 수준으로 시험하였다. AIM 유사체(63355)를 비교를 위해 같은 연구에서 시험하였다. 별표는 CS 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다.
도 23 - 담배 연기-유발된 COPD가 있는 마우스로부터의 폐에서 Nrf2 표적 효소에 대한 RTA 408의 효과. 별표는 염수 대조군으로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 차이를 가리킨다(*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001). 칼표는 담배 연기 노출 및 비히클 투여된 마우스로부터의 통계학적 유의수준 타이를 나타낸다(†P<0.05).
도 24a-d - 패혈증의 BALB/c 마우스 모델에서 체중에 대한 63415(RTA 408)의 효과. LPS를 모든 동물들에게 0일에 투여하였다. (a) 체중: 63415(RTA 408); (b) 체중: RTA 405; (c) 전신 LPS: 생존%: 63415(RTA 408); (d) 전신 LPS: 생존%: RTA 405. RTA 405 및 63415(RTA 408)를 모두 -2 내지 2일에 QDx5 투여하였다. 화합물 63415(RTA 408)는 생존을 개선시켰다. 63415-처리된 BALB/c 마우스에서 시간의 함수로서 체중은 패혈증에 대한 모델로서 작용한다.
도 25 - 방사선-유발된 구강 점막염의 모델에서 63415의 효과. RTA 405 또는 63415(RTA 408)를 -5 내지 -1일 및 1 내지 15일에 수컷 시리안 골든 햄스터에게 BIDx20 투여하였다. 방사선은 0일에 제공하였다. 점막염 점수는 임상적 발현(0: 완전히 건강함; 1-2: 약간 내지 심한 홍반; 3-5: 다양한 정도의 궤양)을 기준으로 0 내지 5의 범위이다. 63415는 30 ㎎/㎏ 및 100 ㎎/㎏에서 궤양발생의 36%까지 감소시키면서 점막염을 개선시켰다.
도 26 - C58BL/6 마우스에서 14-일 마우스 독성 연구에서 Nrf2 표적 유전자 유도에 대한 63415의 효과. Nrf2 표적 유전자의 mRNA를 PO QDx14 처리된 마우스의 간에서 평가하였다. 다수의 Nrf2 표적 유전자에 대한 mRNA 발현에서 상당한 증가가 관찰되었으며 이는 조직 노출과 일치하였다.
도 27a & b - 랫트 간에서 Nrf2 표적 유전자 유도에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) 표적 유전자; (b) 음의 조절인자. Nrf2 표적 유전자의 mRNA를 PO QDx14 처리된 랫트의 간에서 평가하였다.
도 28a & b - 원숭이 조직에서 Nrf2 표적 유전자에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) 간; (b) 폐. Nrf2 표적 유전자의 mRNA를 파노믹스 콴티젠(Panomics QuantiGene)(등록상표) 2.0 플렉스(Plex) 기술을 사용하여 PO QDx14 처리된 원숭이에서 평가하였다.
도 29a & b - 마우스 간에서 Nrf2 표적 효소 활성에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) NQO1 활성; (b) GST 활성. Nrf2 표적 효소 활성을 PO QDx14 처리된 마우스의 간에서 평가하였다. NOQ1 및 GST 효소 활성은 용량-의존적인 방식으로 유도되었다.
도 30a & b - 랫트 간에서 Nrf2 표적 효소 활성에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) NQO1 활성; (b) GST 활성. Nrf2 표적 효소 활성을 PO QDx14 처리된 랫트의 간에서 평가하였다. NOQ1 및 GST 효소 활성은 용량-의존적인 방식으로 유도되었다.
도 31a & b - 키노몰구스 원숭이의 다양한 조직에서 Nrf2 표적 효소 활성 유도에 대한 63415의 효과: (a) NQO1 활성; (b) GSR 활성.
도 32a & b - 14일의 매일 경구 투여 후 마우스 간, 폐 및 뇌 중 RTA 408 농도, 및 마우스 간 중 NQO1 활성. (a) 14일의 매일 경구 투여 후 마우스에서 RTA 408의 조직 분포. 데이터는 연구의 최종 투여 후 4 시간째에 수거된 조직 중 RTA 408 농도의 평균±SD를 나타낸다. 오차 막대 위의 숫자들은 평균을 나타낸다. (b) NQO1 효소 활성과 마우스 간 RTA 408 함량과의 상관성. 개별적인 마우스 간 RTA 408 간 함량을 본 보고서로부터의 개별적인 효소 활성에 대해 플롯팅하였다.
도 33a & b - 14일의 매일 경구 투여 후 랫트 혈장, 간, 폐 및 뇌 중 RTA 408 농도, 및 랫트 간 중 NQO1 활성. (a) 14일의 매일 경구 투여 후 랫트에서 RTA 408의 조직 분포. 데이터는 연구의 최종 투여 후 4 시간째에 수거된 조직 중 RTA 408 농도의 평균±SD를 나타낸다. 오차 막대 위의 숫자들은 평균을 나타낸다. *2 개의 값을, 데이터 세트가 샤피로-윌크(Shapiro-Wilk) 정규성 시험의 실패를 야기하는 값으로서 한정한 이상점인 것으로 인해, 평균 계산에서 제외시켰다. (b) NQO1 효소 활성과 랫트 간 RTA 408 함량과의 상관성. 개별적인 랫트 간 RTA 408 함량을 본 보고서로부터의 개별적인 효소 활성에 대해 플롯팅하였다. 상기 100 ㎎/㎏ RTA 408 용량 그룹으로부터의 조직을 6일에 수거하였으며, 상기 그룹에서 관찰된 독성은 간 NQO1 효소 활성 평가를 배제시켰다.
도 34a & b - 원숭이 PBMC에서 Nrf2 활성화에 대한 63415 처리의 효과: (a) PBMC NQO1 대 혈장 농도; (b) 폐 NQO1 대 PBMC NQO1.
도 35 - 63415 14-일 원숭이 독성 연구의 요약. 모든 용량은 불리한 임상 징후 없이 잘-허용되었다. 임상 화학 데이터는 명백한 독성이 없음을 암시하였다.
도 36 - 국소적인 눈 및 경구 투여 후 RTA 408의 혈장 농도에 대한 투여 시간의 효과. RTA 408의 혈장 농도를 또한 5일의 RTA 408의 매일 국소 눈 투여 후에 측정하였으며 이는 첫째날 후에 취한 측정치와 비교적 일관되게 유지된 것으로 측정되었다.
도 37a & b - PBMC에서 NQO1 및 SRXN1 mRNA 발현과 원숭이 혈장에서 RTA 408에의 노출과의 상관성: (a) NQO1; (b) SRXN1.
도 38 - 5일의 국소 눈 투여 후 시간의 함수로서 눈 내 다양한 조직 또는 체액 중 RTA 408의 농도. 혈장 중 RTA 408 농도를 또한 국소 눈 투여 후에 측정하였다.
도 39 - 상이한 농도의 국소적으로 투여된 RTA 408에 대한 급성 방사선 노출에 의해 유발된 3 등급 피부염의 발병률에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 40 - 상이한 농도의 국소적으로 투여된 RTA 408에 대한 30일 처리 과정에 걸친 급성 방사선 노출에 의해 유발된 2 등급 피부염의 발병률에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 41 - 상이한 농도의 경구 투여된 RTA 408에 대한 28일 치료 과정에 걸친 급성 방사선 노출에 의해 유발된 2 등급 피부염의 발병률에 대한 RTA 408의 효과.
도 42a & b - (a) 시험에 사용된 모든 동물들을 포함하는 상이한 대조군들 각각에 대한 시간의 함수로서 피부염의 임상 점수의 곡선 아래 면적 분석. (b) 시험에서 전체 30일을 완료한 동물들만을 포함하는 상이한 대조군들 각각에 대한 상기 점수의 지속 기간의 함수로서 피부염의 임상 점수의 곡선 아래 면적 분석.
도 43 - 처리되지 않은, 방사선 노출 없이 처리되지 않은, 비히클만, 및 3, 10 및 30 ㎎/㎏의 3 개의 경구량의 RTA 408에 대한, 시간의 함수로서 급성 방사선 피부염의 평균 1차 맹검 점수. 상기 피부염 점수는, 0이 완전히 건강하고, 1-2가 최소 내지 약간의 박리와 함께 순함 내지 보통의 홍반을 나타내고, 3-4가 보통 내지 심한 홍반 및 박리를 나타내고, 5가 명백한 궤양을 나타내는 점수를 기준으로 하였다.
도 44 - 4일 내지 30일 동안 이틀마다 측정된, 처리되지 않은, 방사선 노출 없이 처리되지 않은, 비히클만, 및 3, 10 및 30 ㎎/㎏의 3 개의 경구량의 RTA 408에 대한, 시간의 함수로서 급성 방사선 피부염의 평균 점수. 상기 피부염 점수는, 0이 완전히 건강하고, 1-2가 최소 내지 약간의 박리와 함께 순함 내지 보통의 홍반을 나타내고, 3-4가 보통 내지 심한 홍반 및 박리를 나타내고, 5가 명백한 궤양을 나타내는 점수를 기준으로 하였다.
도 45 - 4일 내지 30일 동안 이틀마다 측정된, 처리되지 않은, 방사선 노출 없이 처리되지 않은, 비히클만, 및 0.01%, 0.1% 및 1%의 3 개의 국소량의 RTA 408에 대한, 시간의 함수로서 급성 방사선 피부염의 평균 점수. 상기 피부염 점수는, 0이 완전히 건강하고, 1-2가 최소 내지 약간의 박리와 함께 순함 내지 보통의 홍반을 나타내고, 3-4가 보통 내지 심한 홍반 및 박리를 나타내고, 5가 명백한 궤양을 나타내는 점수를 기준으로 하였다.
도 46 - 각각의 시험 그룹에 대한 시간 및 피부염 점수 변화에 대해 플롯팅된 분할 방사선 피부염의 임상 점수. 상기 피부염 점수는, 0이 완전히 건강하고, 1-2가 최소 내지 약간의 박리와 함께 순함 내지 보통의 홍반을 나타내고, 3-4가 보통 내지 심한 홍반 및 박리를 나타내고, 5가 명백한 궤양을 나타내는 점수를 기준으로 하였다.
도 47 - 전체 관찰 기간에 걸쳐 시험 그룹들 각각에 대한 피부염 점수(중증도 x 일수)를 나타내는 AUC 분석의 그래프. 피부염 점수를 4일 내지 30일의 연구일 동안 이틀마다 평가하였다.
도 48a & b - (a) 화학요법제 및 RTA 408 대 RTA 408 단독으로 처리된 세포에 대한 상대적인 세포독성 효과를 나타내는, 처리된 전립선 암세포주 LNCaP에 대한 595 ㎚에서의 흡광도의 그래프. (b) 화학요법제 및 RTA 408 대 RTA 408 단독으로 처리된 세포에 대한 상대적인 세포독성 효과를 나타내는, 처리된 전립선 암세포주 DU-145에 대한 595 ㎚에서의 흡광도의 그래프.
도 49 - 3 마리의 마우스: 처리 없는 대조군 동물, 단지 이온화 방사선(단일 용량, 18 Gy)만이 가해진 동물, 및 이온화 방사선(단일 용량, 18 Gy, 0일)과 RTA 408(17.5 ㎎/㎏ i.p., -3 내지 -1일에 매일 1 회, 이어서 1, 3 및 5일에 단일 용량)이 모두 제공된 동물에 대한 종양의 루시페라제 활성을 나타내는 영상화된 마우스의 컬러 사진의 흑백 버전. 화살표가 가리키는 색상은 최고 강도에서부터 최저 강도 순으로 적색, 황색, 녹색 및 청색으로 나타내는 강도를 가리킨다.
도 50 - 복부천자 (paracentesis)의 유발 후 맥시덱스(MaxiDex)(등록상표)(0.1% 덱사메타손) 및 마프라코라트(밝은색 막대)에 대한 문헌 값들과 비교된, RTA 408(어두운색 막대)의 상이한 제형들에 대한 수성 체액 단백질 농도의 감소.
도 51 - 63415에 의한 생체내 NO의 용량-의존적인 억제. CD-1 마우스(n=6)에게 DMSO 또는 AIM을 경구 위관영양에 의해 투여하였다. LPS(5 ㎎/㎏)를 24 시간 후에 투여하였다. LPS 투여 후 24 시간째에, 전혈을 NO 분석을 위해 채혈하였다. NO 억제를, 환원된, 단백질 제거된 혈장으로부터의 그리스(Griess) 반응에 의해 측정하였다.
도 52 - 마우스 조직내로의 63415(RTA 408)의 광범위한 분포. 마우스에게 63415(RTA 408) 25 ㎎/㎏ 또는 RTA 405 25 ㎎/㎏을 PO QDx3 투여하였다. 혈액(혈장 및 전혈) 및 조직(뇌, 간, 폐 및 신장)을 최종 투여 후 6 시간째에 수거하였다. 약물 함량의 반-정량적인 분석을 수행하였다. CNS에서 현저한 수준이 관찰되었다.
도 53 - 63415에 의한 마우스 간, 폐 및 신장에서 NQO1 활성 유도. 마우스에게 25 ㎎/㎏을 PO QDx3 투여하였다. 조직을 최종 투여 후 6 시간째에 수거하고, NQO1 활성의 분석을 수행하였다. NQO1의 의미있는 활성화가 다수의 조직들에서 관찰되었다.
도 54 - 63415 14-일 마우스 독성 연구의 요약. C57BL/6 마우스에게 PO QDx14 투여하였다. 종점은 생존, 중량, 및 임상 화학을 포함하였다. 모든 동물들이 14일까지 생존하였다. 비히클 그룹에 비해 현저한 중량 변화는 발생하지 않았으며, 임상 화학을 근거로 어떠한 용량에서도 독성 증거는 존재하지 않았다.
도 55 - C57BL/6 마우스에서 14-일 마우스 독성 연구로부터의 63415의 조직 분포. 뇌, 폐 및 간 샘플을 최종 투여 후 4 시간째에 수거하고 민감한 LC/MS/MS 방법을 사용하여 63415 함량에 대해 정량분석하였다. 폐에서 10 및 100 ㎎/㎏의 노출은 NO 유도에 대한 시험관내 IC50을 각각 55- 및 1138-배까지 초과하였다. 뇌에서 10 및 100 ㎎/㎏의 노출은 NO 유도에 대한 시험관내 IC50을 각각 29- 및 541-배까지 초과하였다.
도 56 - 스프래그 다우리 랫트에서 63415의 조직 분포. 조직들을 14일 또는 6일에 최종 투여(100 ㎎/㎏) 후 4 시간째에 수거하고, 추출하고, 민감한 LC/MS/MS 방법을 사용하여 63415 함량에 대해 정량분석하였다. 화합물 63415는 표적 조직내에 잘 분포한다. 폐 및 뇌에서 10 ㎎/㎏의 노출은 NO 유도에 대한 시험관내 IC50을 각각 294- 및 240-배까지 초과한다.
도 57 - 키노몰구스 원숭이에서 화합물 63415의 표적 조직 분포. 조직을 14일에 최종 투여 후 4 시간째에 수거하였다. 화합물 63415 함량을 추출하고 민감한 LC/MS/MS 방법을 사용하여 정량분석하였다.
도 58 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(3400-50 ㎝-1).
도 59 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 PXRD(1.5-55.5 °2θ) 패턴.
도 60 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 TG-FTIR 써모그램(25-350 ℃).
도 61 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 DMSO-d6 중의 1H-NMR 스펙트럼.
도 62 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 DSC 써모그램.
도 63 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 DVS 등온선.
도 64 - DVS 측정후, 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(맨위)은 상기 DVS 측정 전 물질(맨아래)에 비해 변하지 않는다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 65 - DVS 측정후, 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P1의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 상기 DVS 측정 전 물질(맨아래)에 비해 변하지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비율화 (scaled)하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 66 - 샘플 PP415-P40의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P19)에 상응한다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 67 - 1 주일 후, 비결정 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는 안정성 샘플 PP415-P2a(맨위), PP415 P3a(맨위로부터 두 번째), PP415-P4a(중간), 및 PP415-P5a(맨아래로부터 두 번째)의 PXRD 패턴은 시점 t0에서 출발 물질(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P1)에 비해 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 68 - 2 주일 후, 비결정 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는 안정성 샘플 PP415-P2b(맨위), PP415 P3b(맨위로부터 두 번째), PP415-P4b(중간), 및 PP415-P5b(맨아래로부터 두 번째)의 PXRD 패턴은 시점 t0에서 출발 물질(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P1)에 비해 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 69 - 4 주일 후, 비결정 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는 안정성 샘플 PP415-P2c(맨위), PP415 P3c(맨위로부터 두 번째), PP415-P4c(중간), 및 PP415-P5c(맨아래로부터 두 번째)의 PXRD 패턴은 시점 t0에서 출발 물질(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P1)에 비해 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 70 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 샘플들의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(2400-50 ㎝-1)(PP415-P7: 맨위; PP415-P8: 맨위로부터 두 번째; PP415-P9: 맨위로부터 세 번째; PP415 P10: 맨위로부터 네 번째; PP415 P11: 중간; PP415-P15: 맨아래로부터 네 번째; PP415-P17: 맨아래로부터 세 번째; PP415-P21: 맨아래로부터 두 번째; PP415-P24: 맨아래). 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 71 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1750-1000 ㎝-1)(PP415-P7: 맨위)은 비결정성 형태(부류 1)의 스펙트럼(PP415-P1: 맨아래)과 명백히 상이하다. 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 72 - 부류 2(샘플 PP415-P19: 맨위), 부류 3(샘플 PP415-P6: 맨위로부터 두 번째), 부류 4(샘플 PP415-P13: 맨아래로부터 두 번째), 및 부류 5(샘플 PP415-P14: 맨아래)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1750-1000 ㎝-1)은 서로 현저하게 상이하다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 73 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 샘플들의 PXRD 패턴(2-32 °2θ)(PP415-P7: 맨위; PP415-P8: 맨위로부터 두 번째; PP415-P10: 맨위로부터 세 번째; PP415 P15: 맨위로부터 네 번째; PP415-P17: 중간; PP415-P18: 맨아래로부터 네 번째; PP415-P19: 맨아래로부터 세 번째; PP415-P21: 맨아래로부터 두 번째; PP415-P24: 맨아래). 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 74 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 샘플들의 PXRD 패턴(11-21 °2θ)(PP415-P7: 맨위; PP415-P8: 맨위로부터 두 번째; PP415-P10: 중간; PP415-P21: 맨아래로부터 두 번째; PP415-P24: 맨아래). 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 75 - 부류 2(PP415-P19: 맨위), 부류 3(샘플 PP415-P6: 맨위로부터 두 번째), 부류 4(샘플 PP415-P13: 맨아래로부터 두 번째), 및 부류 5(샘플 PP415-P14: 맨아래)의 PXRD 패턴(2-32 °2θ)은 명백하게 상이하다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 76 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P7의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 77 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P21의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 78 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P24의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 79 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P29의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 80 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P47의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 81 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P48의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 82 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P7) 및 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 2)(맨위, 샘플 PP415-P30)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1800-700 ㎝-1)은 유사하며, 그래프 내에서 거의 구분될 수 없는 단지 작은 차이만을 나타낸다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 맨위해서 비율화한다.
도 83 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2), 샘플 PP415-P7(맨아래)의 패턴과 비교된, 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 2), 샘플 PP415-P30(맨위)의 PXRD 패턴. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 84 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 건조된 샘플 PP415-P30의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 85 - 건조된 샘플 PP415-P18(밝은 회색)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼은 원래 샘플 PP415-P15(어두운 회색)의 스펙트럼과 동일하고 유사하며 그래프 내에서 거의 구분될 수 없는 단지 작은 차이만을 나타낸다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 위해서 비율화하였다.
도 86 - 건조된 샘플 PP415-P18의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 원래 샘플 PP415-P15의 패턴(맨아래)과 작은 차이를 나타내지만, 둘 다 용매화물 형태(부류 2)이다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 87 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P18의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 88 - 샘플 PP415-P17의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(맨위)은 건조된 샘플 PP415-P19(중간) 및 PP415-P32(맨아래)의 스펙트럼들과 거의 동일하며 그래프 내에서 거의 구분될 수 없는 단지 작은 차이만을 나타낸다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 위해서 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 89 - 건조된 샘플 PP415-P19의 PXRD 패턴(중간)은 원래 샘플 PP415-P17의 패턴(맨위)과 상이하지만 여전히 부류 2 형태에 상응한다. 추가의 건조된 샘플 PP415-P32의 패턴(맨아래)은 보다 낮은 S/N 비를 갖는 보다 넓은 피크를 나타낸다. 상기 물질은 덜 결정성이나, 여전히 부류 2 형태에 상응한다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 90 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P19의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 91 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P32A의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 92 - 샘플 PP415-P21의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(맨위)은 건조된 샘플 PP415-P28(중간) 및 PP415-P34(맨아래)의 스펙트럼들과 동일하다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 위해서 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 93 - 건조된 샘플 PP415-P28(중간) 및 PP415-P34(맨아래)의 PXRD 패턴은 보다 낮은 S/N 비를 갖는 보다 넓은 피크들을 보이며, 이는 원래 샘플 PP415-P21의 패턴(맨위)에 비해 상기 샘플들의 보다 낮은 결정성을 가리킨다. 상기 패턴들은 다소 상이하지만 여전히 부류 2 형태에 상응한다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 94 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 건조된 샘플 PP415-P28의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 95 - 용매화물 형태(부류 2)에 상응하는, 건조된 샘플 PP415-P34의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 96 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)의 샘플들(PP415 P6: 맨위; PP415-P12: 중간; PP415-P20: 맨아래)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(2400-50 ㎝-1). 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 97 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)의 샘플들(PP415 P6: 맨위; PP415-P12: 맨위로부터 두 번째; PP415-P20: 맨아래로부터 두 번째)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1750-1000 ㎝-1)은, 예를 들어 ∼1690 ㎝-1에서 단지 약간의 차이로 서로 매우 유사하지만, 부류 1(PP415-P1: 맨아래)과는 명백히 상이하다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 98 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)의 샘플들(PP415 P6: 맨위; PP415-P12: 중간; PP415-P20: 맨아래)의 PXRD 패턴(2-32 °2θ). 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 99 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)의 샘플들(PP415 P6: 맨위; PP415-P12: 중간; PP415-P20: 맨아래)의 PXRD 패턴(13.5-18.5 °2θ)은 작은 차이를 나타낸다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 100 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P6의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 101 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P12의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 102 - 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3), 샘플 PP415-P25의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 103 - 추가로 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3), 샘플 PP415-P33의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 104 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(맨위, 샘플 PP415-P6), 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(중간, 샘플 PP415-P25), 및 추가로 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P33)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1800-700 ㎝-1)은 동일하다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 105 - 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(맨위, 샘플 PP415-P6), 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(중간, 샘플 PP415-P25), 및 추가로 건조된 용매화물 형태(부류 3)(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P33)의 PXRD 패턴(4-24 °2θ). 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 106 - 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P13의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 107 - 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(어두운 회색, 샘플 PP415-P13) 및 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)의 건조된 물질(밝은 회색, 샘플 PP415-P26)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1800-700 ㎝-1)은 동일하며 완벽하게 겹친다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하였다.
도 108 - 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P13의 기준(reference) 패턴(맨위)과 비교된, 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P26의 PXRD 패턴(맨아래). 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 109 - 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P26의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 110 - 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(맨위, 샘플 PP415-P35), 및 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(중간, 샘플 PP415-P36 및 맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P37)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1800-700 ㎝-1)은 서로 상응한다. 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 111 - 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(맨위, 샘플 PP415-P35), 및 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(중간, 샘플 PP415-P36 및 맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P37)의 PXRD 패턴(4-24 °2θ)은 서로 일치한다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 112 - 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P36의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 113 - 건조된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P37의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 114 - 탈용매화된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P37의 DVS 등온선.
도 115 - DVS 측정후, 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P37의 PXRD 패턴(맨아래)은 상기 DVS 측정 전 물질(맨위)에 비해 변하지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 116 - 탈용매화된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4)(샘플 PP415-P37)의 DSC 써모그램.
도 117 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1), 샘플 PP415-P1과 탈용매화된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P36과의 ∼1:1 혼합물의 DSC 써모그램.
도 118 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1), 샘플 PP415-P1과 탈용매화된 아세토나이트릴 용매화물 형태(부류 4), 샘플 PP415-P36(실험 번호: PP415-P39)과의 ∼1:1 혼합물의 DSC 써모그램. 가열 단계(단계 1)를 173 ℃에서 30 분간 정지시키고(단계 2) 이어서 재개하였다(단계 3).
도 119 - THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P14의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 120 - THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)(파선, 샘플 PP415-P14), THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)의 건조된 물질(점선, 샘플 PP415-P27), 및 비결정성 형태(부류 1)(실선, 샘플 PP415-P1)의 FT-라만 스펙트럼(1800-1100 ㎝-1). 상기 스펙트럼을 비교를 위해서 비율화하였으며, 상기 스펙트럼은 작은 크기 변화를 보이나 스펙트럼 모양의 상응하는 변화는 거의 보이지 않는다.
도 121 - THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5), 샘플 PP415-P14(맨아래)의 패턴과 비교된, 건조된 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5), 샘플 PP415-P27(맨위)의 PXRD 패턴. 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 122 - 건조된 THF 용매화물(부류 5)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P27의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 123 - 샘플 PP415-P41의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)의 패턴(중간, 샘플 PP415-P14)에 상응하나 헵탄 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P19)에는 상응하지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 124 - 샘플 PP415-P45의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)의 패턴(중간, 샘플 PP415-P14)에 상응하나 헵탄 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P19)에는 상응하지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 125 - 샘플 PP415-P41의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)에 상응한다. 샘플 PP415-P41을 1일 동안 건조시킨 후에(맨위로부터 두 번째, 샘플: PP415-P44), 상기 물질은 주로 비결정성이다. 낮은 강도를 갖는 일부 넓은 피크들이 남아있는다. 밤새 추가로 건조시킨 후에(맨아래로부터 두 번째, 샘플 PP415-P44a), 이들 넓은 피크의 강도는 추가로 감소된다. 비결정성 형태(부류 1)를 기준으로서 나타낸다(맨아래, 샘플: PP415-P42). 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 126 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P44a의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 127 - 샘플 PP415-P45의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)에 상응한다. 샘플 PP415-P45를 1일 동안 건조시킨 후에(맨위로부터 두 번째, 샘플: PP415-P46), 상기 물질은 주로 비결정성이다. 낮은 강도를 갖는 일부 넓은 피크들이 남아있는다. 총 4일을 건조시킨 후에(맨아래로부터 두 번째, 샘플 PP415-P46a), 상기 패턴은 변하지 않고 남아있는다. 비결정성 형태(부류 1)를 기준으로서 나타낸다(맨아래, 샘플: PP415-P42). 상기 패턴을 비율화하지 않았으나 비교를 목적으로 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 128 - 비결정성 형태(부류 1)에 상응하는, 샘플 PP415-P46a의 TG-FTIR 써모그램.
도 129 - 샘플 PP415-P42의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 비결정성 형태(부류 1)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P1)에 상응한다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 130 - 샘플 PP415-P43의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 등구조(isostructural) 용매화물 형태(부류 2)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P19)에 상응하나 THF 용매화물 형태(부류 5)의 패턴(중간, 샘플 PP415-P14)에는 상응하지 않는다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 131 - 샘플 PP415-P47(맨위) 및 PP415-P48(중간)의 PXRD 패턴은 등구조 용매화물 형태(부류 2)(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P19)의 패턴에 본질적으로 상응하지만, 약간의 차이가 존재한다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
도 132 - 샘플 PP415-P49의 PXRD 패턴(맨위)은 비결정성 형태(부류 1)의 패턴(맨아래, 샘플 PP415-P1)에 상응한다. 상기 패턴을 비교를 목적으로 비율화하고 y-방향으로 오프셋하였다.
부류 | 특징 | 건조 실험의 결과 |
부류 1 | 비결정성 형태 | -- |
부류 2 | 등구조 용매화물(예를 들어 헵탄) | 건조가 성공적이지 않음 |
부류 3 | 등구조 용매화물(예를 들어 에탄올) | 건조가 성공적이지 않음 |
부류 4 | MeCN 용매화물 & 탈용매화된 용매화물 | 건조가 성공적이고, 구조가 불변함 |
부류 5 | THF 용매화물 | 건조가 비결정성 형태를 생성시킴 |
염색 강도a | 블레오마이신 대조군 | RTA 408(3 ㎎/㎏) | RTA 408(10 ㎎/㎏) |
최소 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
순함 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
보통 | 7 | 7 | 1 |
그룹 | 동물의 수 | 방사선(0일) | 처리 | 처리 스케줄 |
1 | 수컷 9 | -- | 비처리 | -- |
2 | 수컷 10 | 30 Gy | 비처리 | -- |
3 | 수컷 14 | 30 Gy | 비히클 대조군(참깨 오일) | -5에서 -1일 및 1에서 30일 |
4 | 수컷 14 | 30 Gy | RTA 408 - 0.01% 또는 3 ㎎/㎏ | -5에서 -1일 및 1에서 30일 |
5 | 수컷 14 | 30 Gy | RTA 408 - 0.1% 또는 10 ㎎/㎏ | -5에서 -1일 및 1에서 30일 |
6 | 수컷 14 | 30 Gy | RTA 408 - 1% 또는 30 ㎎/㎏ | -5에서 -1일 및 1에서 30일 |
그룹 | 동물의 수 | 방사선(0-2, 5-7일) | 처리 | 처리 스케줄 |
1 | 수컷 9 | -- | 비처리 | -- |
2 | 수컷 14 | 6 x 10 Gy | 비처리 | -- |
3 | 수컷 18 | 6 x 10 Gy | 비히클 대조군(참깨 오일) | QD -5에서 30일 |
4 | 수컷 18 | 6 x 10 Gy | RTA 408 - 0.01% | QD -5에서 30일 |
5 | 수컷 18 | 6 x 10 Gy | RTA 408 - 0.1% | QD -5에서 30일 |
6 | 수컷 18 | 6 x 10 Gy | RTA 408 - 1% | QD -5에서 30일 |
그룹 | %일수 ≥ 2 | %일수 ≥3 |
방사선 없음, 처리 없음 | 0 % | 0 % |
방사선, 처리 없음 | 66% | 31% |
방사선, 참깨 오일 | 60% | 33% |
방사선, RTA 408 (0.01%) | 54% | 29% |
방사선, RTA 408 (0.1%) | 40% | 13% |
방사선, RTA 408 (1%) | 21% | 6% |
샘플 | 물질 | 양 | 제공받은 날 |
PP415-P1 | 63415, 배치 #: 0141-66-1; MW = 554.7 g/mol, C33H44F2N2O3 |
5.0 g | 2011년 3월 25일 |
PP415-P40 | 63415, 배치 #: 2083-69-DC; MW = 554.7 g/mol, C33H44F2N2O3 |
5.0 g | 2011년 5월 27일 |
방법 | 결과 |
FT-라만 | 기준으로서 사용될 것이다 |
PXRD | 예리한 피크 패턴 없음, 물질은 비결정성이다 |
TG-FTIR | ~0.9 중량-% (~0.1 당량) EtOH, 미량의 H2O, 25℃ 내지 200℃, T > 290℃에서 분해 |
칼-피셔 | 0.5 중량-% H2O |
1H-NMR | 구조와 일치함, ~0.08 당량 EtOH |
DSC | 첫 번째 가열 스캔: 유리 전이Tg = 152.7℃ (DCp = 0.72 J/g℃); 두 번째 가열 스캔: 유리 전이 Tg = 149.7℃ (DCp = 0.45 J/g℃) |
DVS | 약간 흡습성; Dm = +0.4% (50%→85% r.h.); FT-라만 및 PXRD 불변 |
용매 | 용해도 S [ mg / mL ] |
톨루엔 | S > 200 |
DCM | S > 200 |
EtOAc | S > 210 |
아세톤 | S > 230 |
MeCN | S > 230 |
DMF | S > 210 |
MeOH | S < 210 |
EtOHa | 105 < S < 210 |
2PrOH | 16 < S < 19 |
DEE | S ≥ 1d |
헵탄 | S < 1 |
H2O | S < 1 |
2PrOH / H2O (9:1)b | 7.9 < S < 8.5 |
MeCN / H2O (2:3)c | S < 1 |
EtOAc / 헵탄 (1:1)a | 100 < S < 200 |
톨루엔 / DEE (1:1)a | S > 220 |
254 nm 에서 | 242 nm 에서 | |||||||
용매 | 7 d | 2 d | 24 h | 6 h | 7 d | 2 d | 24 h | 6 h |
아세톤 | 99.6% | 99.6% | 99.6% | 99.6% | 99.7% | 99.7% | 99.6% | 99.6% |
EtOAc | 99.8% | 99.8% | 99.8% | 99.7% | 99.8% | 99.9% | 99.8% | 99.7% |
MeOH | 99.8% | 99.8% | 99.7% | 99.8% | 99.8% | 99.9% | 99.7% | 99.8% |
MeCN | 97.7% | 99.5% | 99.3% | 99.4% | 97.4% | 99.5% | 99.3% | 99.3% |
트윈 1%b | 97.7% | 97.1% | 95.1% | 97.6% | 98.7% | 98.7% | 96.2% | 99.1% |
SDS 1%c | 99.7% | 99.6% | 99.7% | 99.7% | 99.8% | 99.7% | 99.7% | 99.7% |
CTAB 1% | 99.3% | 99.4% | 99.4% | 99.6% | 99.3% | 99.4% | 99.4% | 99.7% |
샘플 | 조건 | 시점 | PXRD 결과 |
PP415-P2a | 개방, 25 ℃ / ~62% r.h. | 1 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P2b | 개방, 25 ℃ / ~62% r.h. | 2 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P2c | 개방, 25 ℃ / ~62% r.h. | 4 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P3a | 개방, 40 ℃ / ~75% r.h. | 1 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P3b | 개방, 40 ℃ / ~75% r.h. | 2 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P3c | 개방, 40 ℃ / ~75% r.h. | 4 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P4a | 폐쇄, 60 ℃ | 1 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P4b | 폐쇄, 60 ℃ | 2 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P4c | 폐쇄, 60 ℃ | 4 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P5a | 폐쇄, 80 ℃ | 1 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P5b | 폐쇄, 80 ℃ | 2 w | 비결정성 |
PP415-P5c | 폐쇄, 80 ℃ | 4 w | 비결정성 |
샘플 | 용매/혼합물 | FT -라만 부류 | PXRD 집단 |
PP415-P6 | 2PrOH | 3 | 3 |
PP415-P7 | 1:2 EtOAc/헵탄 | 2 | 2 |
PP415-P8 | 1:2 아세톤/헥산 | 2 | 2 |
PP415-P9 | 1:3 톨루엔/DEE | 2d | -- |
PP415-P10 | 1:3 MeOH/TBME | 2 | 2 |
PP415-P11 | 1:2 MEK/사이클로헥산 | 2d | -- |
PP415-P12 | 9:1 EtOH/H2Oa | 3 | 3 |
PP415-P13 | 7:3 MeCN/H2Ob | 4d | 4 |
PP415-P14 | ~1:1 THF/H2Oc | 5d | 5 |
PP415-P29 | 1:2 EtOAc/TEA | 2 | 2 |
PP415-P31 | 9:1 PEG/H2O | 1 | 1 |
PP415-P35 | 7:3 MeCN/H2Ob | 4d | 4 |
샘플 | 용매/혼합물 | 조건 | FT -라만 부류 | PXRD 집단 |
PP415-P20 | ~2:1 아세톤/H2O | 55 ℃ →5 ℃ | 3b | 3 |
PP415-P21 | ~1:5 EtOH/사이클로헥산 | 75 ℃ →5 ℃ | 2 | 2 |
PP415-P22 | ~1:3 MeCN/톨루엔 | 75 ℃ →5 ℃a | 1b | -- |
PP415-P23 | 1:3 EtOAc/다이옥산 | 75 ℃ →5 ℃a | 1b | -- |
PP415-P24 | 1BuOH | 75 ℃ →5 ℃ | 2b | 2 |
샘플 | 용매/혼합물 | FT -라만 부류 | PXRD 집단 |
PP415-P15 | 1:2 DCM/IPE | 2a | 2 |
PP415-P16 | 1:2 MeOH/톨루엔 | 1a | -- |
PP415-P17 | 1:3 EtOAc/헵탄 | 2a | 2 |
샘플 | 출발 물질(부류) | 조건 | 결과 |
PP415-P18 | PP415-P15 (2) | r.t., 2-10 mbar, ~2 h | 2 |
PP415-P19 | PP415-P17 (2) | r.t., 2-10 mbar, ~2 h | 2 |
PP415-P25 | PP415-P6 (3) | r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
3 |
PP415-P26 | PP415-P13 (4) | r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
4 |
PP415-P27 | PP415-P14 (5) | r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
1a |
PP415-P28 | PP415-P21 (2) | r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
2b |
PP415-P30 | PP415-P7 (2) | 50-70 ℃, 1-10 mbar, 3 d | 2 |
PP415-P32 | PP415-P19 (2) | 80 ℃, <1×0-3 mbar, 3 d | 2b |
PP415-P33 | PP415-P25 (3) | 80 ℃, <1×0-3 mbar, 3 d | 3 |
PP415-P34 | PP415-P28 (2) | 80 ℃, <1×0-3 mbar, 3 d | 2b |
PP415-P36 | PP415-P35 (4) | 80 ℃, <1×10-3 mbar, 3 d | 4c |
PP415-P37 | PP415-P35 (4) | 80 ℃, N2 flow, 3 d | 4c |
PP415-P44a | PP415-P41 (5) | 80 ℃, 100 mbar, 2 d | 1a |
PP415-P46a | PP415-P45 (6) | 80 ℃, 100 mbar, 4 d | 1a |
부류 | 특징 | 건조 실험의 결과 |
부류 1 | 비결정성 형태 | -- |
부류 2 | 등구조 용매화물(예를 들어 헵탄) | 건조가 성공적이지 않음 |
부류 3 | 등구조 용매화물(예를 들어 에탄올) | 건조가 성공적이지 않음 |
부류 4 | MeCN 용매화물 & 탈용매화된 용매화물 | 건조가 성공적이고, 구조가 불변함 |
부류 5 | THF 용매화물 | 건조가 비결정성 형태를 생성시킴 |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매 | 특성화 | 건조 |
PP415-P31 | 현탁액 평형화 | 9:1 PEG/H2O | 라만, PXRD | -- |
PP415-P22 | 느린 냉각a | ~1:3 MeCN/톨루엔 | vis. obs., 라만 | -- |
PP415-P23 | 느린 냉각 | 1:3 EtOAc/다이옥산 | vis. obs., 라만 | -- |
PP415-P16 | 증발/침전 | 1:2 MeOH/톨루엔 | vis. obs., 라만 | -- |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매 | 특성화 | 건조 |
PP415-P7 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:2 EtOAc/헵탄 | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | x |
PP415-P8 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:2 아세톤/헥산 | 라만, PXRD | -- |
PP415-P9 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:3 톨루엔/DEE | 라만, PXRD | -- |
PP415-P10 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:3 MeOH/TBME | 라만, PXRD | -- |
PP415-P11 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:2 MEK/사이클로헥산 | 라만 | -- |
PP415-P29 | 현탁액 평형화 | EtOAc/TEA | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | -- |
PP415-P15 | 증발/침전 | 1:2 DCM/IPE | 라만, PXRD | x |
PP415-P17 | 증발/침전 | 1:3 EtOAc/헵탄 | 라만, PXRD | x |
PP415-P21 | 느린 냉각 | ~1:5 EtOH/사이클로헥산 | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | x |
PP415-P24 | 증발/침전 | 1BuOH | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | -- |
PP415-P43a | 증발 | (8:2) THF/헥산 | PXRD | -- |
PP415-P47a | 증발 | EtOAc | PXRD, TG-FTIR | -- |
PP415-P48a | 증발 | 에틸 포메이트 | PXRD, TG-FTIR | -- |
출발 물질 | 건조 | 건조된 물질 | |||
샘플 | 용매 함량 | 조건 | 샘플 | 용매 함량 | 부류 |
PP415-P7 | EtOAc/헵탄 (~7.5%) |
50-70 ℃, 1-10 mbar, 3 d | PP415-P30 | 헵탄 (~2.5%) |
2 |
PP415-P15 | IPE (알지 못함) |
r.t., 2-10 mbar, ~2 h | PP415-P18 | IPE (~7.0%) |
2 |
PP415-P17 | EtOAc(?)/헵탄 (알지 못함) |
r.t., 2-10 mbar, ~2 h | PP415-P19 | 헵탄 (~7.6%) |
2 |
PP415-P19 | 헵탄 (~7.6%) |
80 ℃, <1×10-3 mbar, 3 d | PP415-P32 | 헵탄 (~2.2%) |
2a |
PP415-P21 | 사이클로헥산 (~5.8%) |
r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
PP415-P28 | 사이클로헥산 (~3.0%) |
2a |
PP415-P28a | 사이클로헥산 (~3.0%) |
80 ℃, <1×10-3 mbar, 3 d | PP415-P34 | 사이클로헥산 (~2.3%) |
2a |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매/혼합물 | 특성화 | 건조 |
PP415-P6 | 현탁액 평형화 | 2PrOH | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | X |
PP415-P12 | 현탁액 평형화 | 9:1 EtOH/H2O | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | -- |
PP415-P20 | 느린 냉각 | ~2:1 아세톤/H2O | 라만, PXRD | -- |
출발 물질 | 건조 | 건조된 물질 | |||
샘플 | 용매 함량 | 조건 | 샘플 | 용매 함량 | 부류 |
PP415-P6 | 2PrOH (~5.4%) | r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
PP415-P25 | 2PrOH (~5.4%) | 3 |
PP415-P25 | 2PrOH (~5.4%) | 80 ℃, <1×10-3 mbar, 3 d | PP415-P33 | 2PrOH (~4.8%) | 3 |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매 | 특성화 | 건조 |
PP415-P13 | 현탁액 평형화 | 7:3 MeCN/H2O | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | X |
PP415-P35 | 현탁액 평형화 | 7:3 MeCN/H2O | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | X |
출발 물질 | 건조 | 건조된 물질 | |||
샘플 | 용매 함량 | 조건 | 샘플 | 용매 함량 | 부류 |
PP415-P13 | MeCN (~3.4%) |
r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
PP415-P26 | MeCN (~2.8%) |
4 |
PP415-P35 | MeCN (~2.9%) |
80 ℃, <1×10-3 mbar, 3 d | PP415-P36 | MeCN/H2Oa (~0.6%) |
4 |
PP415-P35 | MeCN (~2.9%) |
80 ℃, N2 흐름, 3 d | PP415-P37 | MeCN/H2Oa (~0.9%) |
4 |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매 | 특성화 | 건조 |
PP415-P14 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:1 THF/H2O | 라만, PXRD, TG-FTIR | X |
PP415-P41b | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:1 THF/H2O | PXRD | X |
PP415-P45b ,c | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:1 THF/H2O | PXRD | X |
출발 물질 | 건조 | 건조된 물질 | |||
샘플 | 용매 함량 | 조건 | 샘플 | 용매 함량 | 부류 |
PP415-P14 | THF & H2O (~36 wt.-%) |
r.t., ~3 mbar, ~5 d; 60 ℃, 5-10 mbar, 2×1 h; 40-50 ℃, 5-20 mbar, ~1 d |
PP415-P27 | -- (~0.3 wt.-%) |
1 (+5)a |
단계 | 샘플 | 방법 | 조건 | 결과 |
1 | PP415-P41 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:1 THF/H2O, 24 ℃, 3 d | 부류 5 |
PP415-P45 | 현탁액 평형화 | 1:1 THF/H2O, r.t. 1 d | 부류 5 | |
2 | PP415-P44a | 건조 | 100 mbar, 80 ℃, 2 d | 부류1a; 0.9 중량-% THF |
PP415-P46a | 건조 | 100 mbar, 80 ℃, 4 d | 부류 1a; 0.4 중량-% H2O |
샘플 | 방법 | 용매 | 조건 | 결과 |
PP415-P42 | 증발 | THF | N2 흐름, 1 d | 부류 1 |
PP415-P43 | 증발 | 8:2 THF/헥산 | N2 흐름, 1 d | 부류 2 |
PP415-P47 | 증발 | EtOAc | N2 흐름, 1 d | 부류 2 |
PP415-P48 | 증발 | 에틸 포메이트 | N2 흐름, 1 d | 부류 2 |
PP415-P49 | 침전 | 아세톤 | H2O 욕, 5 ℃ | 부류 1 |
컬럼 | 조르박스 이클립스(Zorbax Eclipse) XDB-C18, 3×150 mm, 5 ㎛ (CC19) | ||
용출제 A | H2O + 0.1% 포름산 | ||
용출제 B | MeCN + 0.1% 포름산 | ||
구배 | 0 분 10.0 분 15.0 분 15.1 분 20.0 분 |
50% A 10% A 0% A 50% A 50% A |
50% B 90% B 100% B 50% B 50% B |
흐름 | 0.75 mL/분 | ||
주입 부피 | 10 ㎕ | ||
파장 | 254 nm, 242 nm, 210 nm | ||
포착 시간 | 20 분 | ||
실행 시간 | 20 분 | ||
컬럼 온도 | 25 ℃ | ||
체류 시간 | 8.9-9.0 분 |
Claims (109)
- 하기 화학식의 화합물의 다형태:
상기에서, 상기 다형태는 5.6±0.2, 7.0±0.2, 10.6±0.2, 12.7±0.2 및 14.6±0.2 °2θ에서의 피크들을 포함하는 X-선 분말 회절 패턴(CuKα)을 갖는 용매화물이거나,
상기에서, 상기 다형태는 7.0±0.2, 7.8±0.2, 8.6±0.2, 11.9±0.2, 13.9±0.2(이중 피크), 14.2±0.2 및 16.0±0.2 °2θ에서의 피크들을 포함하는 X-선 분말 회절 패턴(CuKα)을 갖는 용매화물이거나,
상기에서, 상기 다형태는 7.5±0.2, 11.4±0.2, 15.6±0.2 및 16.6±0.2 °2θ에서의 피크들을 포함하는 X-선 분말 회절 패턴(CuKα)을 갖는 아세토나이트릴 반용매화물거나, 혹은
상기에서, 상기 다형태는 6.8±0.2, 9.3±0.2, 9.5±0.2, 10.5±0.2, 13.6±0.2 및 15.6±0.2 °2θ에서의 피크들을 포함하는 X-선 분말 회절 패턴(CuKα)을 갖는 용매화물이다. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 따른 화합물, 제 3 항에 따른 고체 형태, 또는 제 4 항에 따른 다형태를 포함하는 피부병 또는 피부 질환, 패혈증, 피부염, 골관절염, 암, 염증, 자가면역 질병, 신경퇴행성 질병, 중추신경계 질환, 미토콘드리아 기능장애, 염증성 장 질병, 이온화 방사선에의 국소화된 또는 전신 노출로부터의 합병증, 점막염, 급성 또는 만성 기관 부전, 간 질환, 췌장염, 눈 질환, 폐 질환 또는 당뇨병 치료용 약제.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 따른 화합물, 제 3 항에 따른 고체 형태, 또는 제 4 항에 따른 다형태로 이루어진 활성 성분, 및
약학적으로 허용 가능한 담체
를 포함하는 피부병 또는 피부 질환, 패혈증, 피부염, 골관절염, 암, 염증, 자가면역 질병, 신경퇴행성 질병, 중추신경계 질환, 미토콘드리아 기능장애, 염증성 장 질병, 이온화 방사선에의 국소화된 또는 전신 노출로부터의 합병증, 점막염, 급성 또는 만성 기관 부전, 간 질환, 췌장염, 눈 질환, 폐 질환 또는 당뇨병 치료용 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
경구, 지방내, 동맥내, 관절내, 두개내, 피내, 병변내, 근육내, 비내, 안내, 심막내, 복강내, 늑막내, 전립선내, 직장내, 척추강내, 기관내, 종양내, 탯줄내, 질내, 정맥내, 소낭내, 유리체내, 리포솜으로, 국소로, 점막으로, 비경구로, 직장으로, 결막하로, 피하로, 설하로, 국소로, 볼통과로, 경피로, 질내로, 크림 중에서, 액체 조성물 중에서, 카테터를 통해서, 세척을 통해서, 연속 주입을 통해서, 주입을 통해서, 흡입을 통해서, 주사를 통해서, 국소 전달을 통해서, 또는 국소화된 관류를 통해서 투여하기 위해 제형화된 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
경질 또는 연질 캡슐, 정제, 시럽, 현탁액, 유화액, 용액, 고체 분산액, 웨이퍼, 또는 엘릭서로서 제형화된 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
로션, 크림, 젤, 오일, 연고, 고약, 유화액, 용액 및 현탁액으로부터 선택된 제형으로서, 국소 투여를 위해 제형화된 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
활성 성분의 양이 0.01 내지 5 중량%인 약학 조성물. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
피부염, 열적 또는 화학적 화상, 만성 상처, 여드름, 탈모증, 탈모증 이외 모낭의 다른 질환, 수포성 표피박리증, 일광화상, 일광화상의 합병증, 피부 착색 질환, 노화-관련된 피부 상태, 수술후 상처, 피부 손상 또는 화상으로부터의 흉터, 건선, 자가면역 질병 또는 이식편대 숙주병의 피부학적 발현, 피부암, 및 피부세포의 과잉증식을 수반하는 질환 중에서 선택된
피부병 또는 피부질환인 것인,
약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 피부염이 알러지성 피부염, 아토피성 피부염, 화학물질 노출로 인한 피부염, 또는 방사선-유발된 피부염인 것인,
약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
류마티스성 관절염, 루푸스, 크론병 및 건선으로부터 선택된 자가면역 질병인 것인, 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가 신경퇴행성 질병인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가 중추신경계 질환인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 17 항에 있어서,
상기 중추신경계 질환이 발작 장애인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 18 항에 있어서,
상기 발작 장애가 간질인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
지방간 질환 및 간염 중에서 선택된 간 질환인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
포도막염, 황반 변성, 녹내장, 당뇨성 황반 부종, 안검염, 당뇨성 망막병증, 각막 내피의 질병 또는 질환, 수술후 염증, 안구 건조증, 알러지성 결막염 및 결막염의 한 형태 중에서 선택된 눈 질환인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
폐 염증, 폐 섬유증, COPD, 천식, 낭성 섬유증 및 특발성 폐 섬유증 중에서 선택된 폐 질환인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가 방사선 요법 또는 화학요법으로부터 발생하는 점막염인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
암종, 육종, 림프종, 백혈병, 흑색종, 중피종, 다발성 골수종 및 정상피종 중에서 선택된 암인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 상태가
방광, 혈액, 뼈, 뇌, 유방, 중추신경계, 자궁경부, 결장, 자궁내막, 식도, 방광, 생식기, 비뇨생식관, 두부, 신장, 후두, 간, 폐, 근육 조직, 경부, 구강 또는 코 점막, 난소, 췌장, 전립선, 피부, 비장, 소장, 대장, 위, 고환 및 갑상선의 암 중에서 선택된 암인 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 24 항에 있어서,
환자를 방사선 요법 또는 화학요법으로 치료하기 전에 또는 직후에 약학 조성물을 투여하는 것으로 사용되며, 상기 화학요법이 제 6 항의 활성성분을 포함하지 않는 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 26 항에 있어서,
상기 화학요법이 치료 유효량의 5-플루오로유라실 또는 도세탁셀을 환자에게 투여함을 포함하는 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 26 항에 있어서,
상기 약학 조성물의 환자에의 투여가 방사선 요법 또는 화학요법의 부작용을 감소시키는 것인 약학 조성물. - 제 28 항에 있어서, 상기 부작용이 점막염 및 피부염인 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제 6 항에 있어서, 환자의 암을 치료하는데 사용하기 위한 약학 조성물.
- 제 30 항에 있어서, 상기 암이 흑색종인 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제 30 항에 있어서, 환자가 또한 면역요법 중이기도 한 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 상기 면역요법이 수지상 세포-기재 면역요법 또는 양자 T-세포 면역요법인 것인 약학 조성물.
- 제 32 항에 있어서, 상기 면역요법이 암 표적화 항체인 것인 약학 조성물.
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