KR101858763B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 재료 및 그 제조 방법, 그리고 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 및 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 정극 재료 및 그 제조 방법, 그리고 리튬 이차 전지용 정극 및 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101858763B1 KR101858763B1 KR1020127025320A KR20127025320A KR101858763B1 KR 101858763 B1 KR101858763 B1 KR 101858763B1 KR 1020127025320 A KR1020127025320 A KR 1020127025320A KR 20127025320 A KR20127025320 A KR 20127025320A KR 101858763 B1 KR101858763 B1 KR 101858763B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- transition metal
- positive electrode
- element selected
- secondary battery
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. LiMn2O4 or Li(MxMn2-x)O4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4 or Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
도 2 는 실시예 2 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM 화상 (사진) 이다.
도 3 은 비교예 1 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM 화상 (사진) 이다.
도 4 는 비교예 2 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM 화상 (사진) 이다.
도 5 는 실시예 3 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM 화상 (사진) 이다.
도 6 은 비교예 3 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM 화상 (사진) 이다.
도 7(a) 는 실시예 3 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 SEM-EDX 화상 (사진) 이며, 도 7(b) 는 그 분체의 SEM-EDX 스펙트럼이다.
도 8 은 실시예 3 에서 제조된 리튬니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물 분체의 세공 분포 곡선이다.
도 9 는 본원 발명에서 말하는 「입자 내부」에 관한 모식도이다.
Claims (24)
- 리튬 이온의 삽입·탈리가 가능한 기능을 갖는 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물을 함유하는 분체로서, 상기 분체의 입자 내부에, 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소, 그리고, 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소에서 유래하는 SEM-EDX 법에 의한 피크를 갖는 화합물을 함유하고,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 2 종 이상의 조성을 갖는 일차 입자로 구성되는 이차 입자로 이루어지는 분체로서, 상기 이차 입자의 적어도 내부에, 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소, 그리고, 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소에서 유래하는 SEM-EDX 법에 의한 피크를 갖는 화합물의 일차 입자를 함유하고,
상기 이차 입자의 표면 부분의 Li, S, Se, Te, Po, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 원소 이외의 금속 원소의 합계에 대한 S, Se, Te 및 Po 원소의 합계의 몰비가, 이차 입자 전체의 그 몰비의 500 배 이하인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 리튬 이온의 삽입·탈리가 가능한 기능을 갖는 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물을 함유하는 분체로서, 상기 분체의 입자 내부에, 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소, 그리고, 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소에서 유래하는 SEM-EDX 법에 의한 피크를 갖는 화합물을 함유하고,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 2 종 이상의 조성을 갖는 일차 입자로 구성되는 이차 입자로 이루어지는 분체로서, 상기 이차 입자의 적어도 내부에, 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소, 그리고, 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소에서 유래하는 SEM-EDX 법에 의한 피크를 갖는 화합물의 일차 입자를 함유하고,
상기 이차 입자의 표면 부분의 Li, S, Se, Te, Po, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 원소 이외의 금속 원소의 합계에 대한 Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 원소의 합계의 몰비가, 이차 입자 전체의 그 몰비의 1.05 배 이상인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소가, S, Se, Te 및 Po 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 주기율표 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소가, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 세공 분포 곡선에 있어서, 세공 반경 80 ㎚ 이상 800 ㎚ 미만에서 피크를 갖는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 주기율표 제 3 주기 이후의 제 16 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소가, S, Se, Te 및 Po 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 주기율표 제 5 주기 및 제 6 주기의 제 5 ∼ 7 족 원소에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소가, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 세공 분포 곡선에 있어서, 세공 반경 80 ㎚ 이상 800 ㎚ 미만에서 피크를 갖는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
BET 비표면적이 0.5 ㎡/g 이상, 3 ㎡/g 이하인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
부피 밀도가 1.2 g/㎤ 이상, 2.8 g/㎤ 이하인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 층상 구조를 갖는 리튬니켈망간코발트계 복합 산화물 또는 스피넬 구조를 갖는 리튬망간계 복합 산화물인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
추가로, 조성이, 하기 조성식 (A) 또는 (B) 로 나타내는 것을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체.
Li1+xMO2···(A)
(단, 상기 식 (A) 중, x 는 0 이상, 0.5 이하, M 은 Li, Ni 및 Mn, 또는, Li, Ni, Mn 및 Co 로 구성되는 원소이며, Mn/Ni 몰비는 0.1 이상, 5 이하, Co/(Mn+Ni+Co) 몰비는 0 이상, 0.35 이하, M 중의 Li 몰비는 0.001 이상, 0.2 이하이다)
Li[LiaM'bMn2-b-a]O4+δ···(B)
(단, 상기 식 (B) 중, a, b 및 δ 은, 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.3, 0.4 ≤ b ≤ 0.6, -0.5 ≤ δ ≤ 0.5 를 만족시키고, M' 는, Ni, Cr, Fe, Co 및 Cu 에서 선택되는 천이 금속 중 적어도 1 종을 나타낸다) - 제 1 항에 있어서,
산소 함유 가스 분위기하에 있어서, 소성 온도 1000 ℃ 이상에서 소성하여 얻어지는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
추가로, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소를 함유하는 화합물과, B 및 Bi 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소를 함유하는 화합물을 병용 첨가한 후, 소성하여 얻어지는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
BET 비표면적이 0.5 ㎡/g 이상, 3 ㎡/g 이하인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
부피 밀도가 1.2 g/㎤ 이상, 2.8 g/㎤ 이하인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물이, 층상 구조를 갖는 리튬니켈망간코발트계 복합 산화물 또는 스피넬 구조를 갖는 리튬망간계 복합 산화물인, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
추가로, 조성이, 하기 조성식 (A) 또는 (B) 로 나타내는 것을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체.
Li1+xMO2···(A)
(단, 상기 식 (A) 중, x 는 0 이상, 0.5 이하, M 은 Li, Ni 및 Mn, 또는, Li, Ni, Mn 및 Co 로 구성되는 원소이며, Mn/Ni 몰비는 0.1 이상, 5 이하, Co/(Mn+Ni+Co) 몰비는 0 이상, 0.35 이하, M 중의 Li 몰비는 0.001 이상, 0.2 이하이다)
Li[LiaM'bMn2-b-a]O4+δ···(B)
(단, 상기 식 (B) 중, a, b 및 δ 은, 0 ≤ a ≤ 0.3, 0.4 ≤ b ≤ 0.6, -0.5 ≤ δ ≤ 0.5 를 만족시키고, M' 는, Ni, Cr, Fe, Co 및 Cu 에서 선택되는 천이 금속 중 적어도 1 종을 나타낸다) - 제 2 항에 있어서,
산소 함유 가스 분위기하에 있어서, 소성 온도 1000 ℃ 이상에서 소성하여 얻어지는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
추가로, Mo, W, Nb, Ta 및 Re 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소를 함유하는 화합물과, B 및 Bi 에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종의 원소를 함유하는 화합물을 병용 첨가한 후, 소성하여 얻어지는, 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체. - 제 1 항 내지 제 2 항, 제 5 항 내지 제 22 항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 리튬 이차 전지 정극 재료용 리튬 천이 금속계 화합물 분체 및 결착제를 함유하는 정극 활물질층과 집전체를 갖는, 리튬 이차 전지용 정극.
- 리튬을 흡장·방출 가능한 부극, 리튬염을 함유하는 비수 전해질, 및 리튬을 흡장·방출 가능한 정극을 구비한 리튬 이차 전지로서, 상기 정극이 제 23 항에 기재된 리튬 이차 전지용 정극인, 리튬 이차 전지.
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