KR101345509B1 - 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자 및 비수계 전해질 2차 전지 - Google Patents
니켈 복합 수산화물 입자 및 비수계 전해질 2차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101345509B1 KR101345509B1 KR1020137025405A KR20137025405A KR101345509B1 KR 101345509 B1 KR101345509 B1 KR 101345509B1 KR 1020137025405 A KR1020137025405 A KR 1020137025405A KR 20137025405 A KR20137025405 A KR 20137025405A KR 101345509 B1 KR101345509 B1 KR 101345509B1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 680
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 238
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 108
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 77
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
니켈 복합 수산화물의 입자를 제조하는 제조 방법으로서, 니켈 복합 산화물의 입자에서의 금속의 원자비에 대응하는 금속의 원자비를 갖는 금속 화합물을 포함하는 실질적으로 착이온 형성제를 포함하지 않는 핵 생성용 수용액의 액온 60℃에서의 pH를 11.5∼13.2가 되도록 제어하여 1차 입자를 포함하는 핵을 생성하는 핵 생성 공정과, 상기 핵 생성 공정에서 얻어진 상기 핵을 함유하는 입자 성장용 수용액의 액온 60℃에서의 pH를 9.5∼11.0이 되도록 제어하여, 상기 핵의 외면에 상기 핵을 형성하는 1차 입자보다 큰 판상 1차 입자를 포함하는 외각부를 형성시키는 입자 성장 공정을 포함한다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 니켈 복합 수산화물을 제조하는 다른 공정의 개략 플로우차트이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 니켈 복합 수산화물로부터 리튬니켈 복합 산화물을 제조하는 공정의 개략 플로우차트이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 니켈 복합 수산화물을 제조하고 나서, 비수계 전해질 2차 전지를 제조하기까지의 공정의 개략 플로우차트이다.
도 5는 실시예 및 비교예의 결과를 나타낸 표이다.
도 6의 (A)는 본 발명의 니켈 복합 수산화물의 SEM 사진(관찰 배율 1,000배)이고, (B)는 본 발명의 리튬니켈 복합 산화물의 SEM 사진(관찰 배율 1,000배)이다.
도 7의 (A)는 본 발명의 니켈 복합 수산화물의 단면 사진(관찰 배율 10,000배)이고, (B)는 본 발명의 리튬니켈 복합 산화물의 단면 사진(관찰 배율 10,000배)이다.
도 8은 전지 평가에 사용한 코인형 전지(1)의 개략 단면도이다.
도 9는 임피던스 평가의 측정 예와 해석에 사용한 등가 회로의 개략 설명도이다.
2 : 케이스
3 : 전극
3a : 정극
3b : 부극
3c : 세퍼레이터
Claims (21)
- 하기 화학식(I)로 표시되는 니켈 복합 수산화물의 입자를 제조하는 제조 방법으로서,
상기 니켈 복합 수산화물의 입자에서의 금속의 원자비에 대응하는 금속의 원자비를 갖는 금속 화합물을 포함하는 실질적으로 착이온 형성제를 포함하지 않는 핵 생성용 수용액의 pH를 액온 25℃ 기준으로 11.5∼13.2가 되도록 제어하여 1차 입자를 포함하는 핵을 생성하는 핵 생성 공정과,
상기 핵 생성 공정에서 얻어진 상기 핵을 함유하는 입자 성장용 수용액의 pH를 액온 25℃ 기준으로 9.5∼11.0이 되도록 제어하여, 상기 핵의 외면에 상기 핵을 형성하는 1차 입자보다 큰 판상 1차 입자를 포함하는 외각부를 형성시키는 입자 성장 공정
을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법:
Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2+α (I)
(식 중, 0≤x≤0.22, 0≤y≤0.15, x+y<0.3, 0≤α≤0.5, M은 첨가 원소로, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo 및 W으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종의 원소를 나타냄) - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 핵 생성 공정이 종료된 후의 상기 핵 생성용 수용액의 pH를 조정함으로써, 상기 입자 성장용 수용액을 형성시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 입자 성장에 적합한 수용액을 형성하고, 상기 수용액에 상기 핵 생성 공정에서 형성된 핵을 첨가하여, 상기 입자 성장용 수용액을 형성시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법.
- 제1항, 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 상기 핵 생성 공정 후에, 상기 입자 성장용 수용액의 액체부의 일부를 배출한 후, 상기 입자 성장 공정을 행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법.
- 제1항, 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 상기 핵 생성 공정 및 상기 입자 성장 공정에서, 각 수용액의 온도를 60℃ 이상으로 유지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법.
- 제1항, 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 상기 입자 성장 공정에서 얻어진 니켈 복합 수산화물에, 분자 중에 1종 이상의 상기 첨가 원소를 갖는 화합물을 피복하는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자의 제조 방법.
- 하기 화학식(I)로 표시되는 니켈 복합 수산화물을 포함하고, 복수의 1차 입자가 응집하여 형성된 구형의 2차 입자이고,
상기 2차 입자는,
평균 입경이 2∼7 ㎛이고, 입도 분포의 분산을 나타내는 지표인 [(d90-d10)/평균 입경]이 0.55 이하이고,
1차 입자로 이루어지는 중심부와, 상기 중심부의 외측에 상기 중심부를 형성하는 1차 입자보다 큰 판상 또는 침상의 1차 입자로 이루어지는 외각부를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자:
Ni1-x-yCoxMy(OH)2+α (I)
(식 중, 0≤x≤0.22, 0≤y≤0.15, x+y<0.3, 0≤α≤0.5, M은 첨가 원소로, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo 및 W으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종의 원소를 나타냄) - 제7항에 있어서, 상기 중심부를 형성하는 1차 입자는 평균 입경 0.01∼0.3 ㎛이고,
상기 판상 1차 입자는 평균 입경 0.3∼3 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자. - 제7항에 있어서, 상기 중심부를 형성하는 1차 입자는 판상 또는 침상 또는 둘다인 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자.
- 제7항, 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서, 상기 2차 입자는 상기 외각부의 두께가 0.3∼3 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자.
- 제7항, 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서, 상기 2차 입자는, 1종 이상의 상기 첨가 원소가, 그 내부에 균일하게 분포하거나 또는 그 표면을 균일하게 피복하고 있거나 또는 둘다인 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자.
- 제7항, 제8항 또는 제9항에 있어서, 제1항에 기재된 제조 방법에 의해 생성된 것인 것을 특징으로 하는 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자.
- 하기 화학식(II)로 표시되고, 리튬니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 정극 활물질의 제조 방법으로서,
제7항에 기재된 니켈 복합 수산화물 입자를 열처리하는 공정과,
상기 열처리 후의 입자를 리튬 화합물과 혼합하여 리튬 혼합물을 형성하는 혼합 공정과,
상기 혼합 공정에서 형성된 상기 리튬 혼합물을, 700∼850℃의 온도에서 소성하는 소성 공정
을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법:
LitNi1-x-yCoxMyO2 (II)
(식 중, 0.95≤t≤1.15, 0≤x≤0.22, 0≤y≤0.15, x+y<0.3, M은 첨가 원소로, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo 및 W으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종의 원소를 나타냄) - 제13항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 혼합물에 포함되는 리튬의 원자수와 리튬 이외의 금속의 원자수의 합과의 비(리튬의 원자수/리튬 이외의 금속의 원자수의 합)를, 0.95/1∼1.15/1로 조정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 소성 공정 후에 수세하여 여과, 건조시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제13항, 제14항 또는 제15항에 있어서, 상기 소성 공정 전에, 상기 리튬 화합물과 상기 열처리 후의 입자가 반응할 수 있는 온도에서 가소성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 하기 화학식(II)로 표시되고, 리튬 함유 복합 산화물에 의해 구성되는 리튬니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 정극 활물질로서,
평균 입경이 2∼8 ㎛이고, 입도 분포의 분산을 나타내는 지표인 [(d90-d10)/평균 입경]이 0.65 이하이고,
반응 면적의 크기를 나타내는 지표인 [비표면적×평균 입경]이 5.5 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질:
LitNi1-x-yCoxMyO2 (II)
(식 중, 0.95≤t≤1.15, 0≤x≤0.22, 0≤y≤0.15, x+y<0.3, M은, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo 및 W으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종의 원소를 나타냄) - 제17항에 있어서, 상기 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질로서, 리튬니켈 복합 산화물 입자의 중심부에 공간부와 상기 공간부의 외측에 상기 리튬니켈 복합 산화물로 이루어지는 외각부를 갖는 중공 입자인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 리튬니켈 복합 산화물 입자의 단면에 있어서, 외각부의 평균 두께가 0.3∼3 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제17항, 제18항 또는 제19항에 있어서, 제13항의 제조 방법에 의해 생성된 것인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제17항, 제18항 또는 제19항에 기재된 비수계 전해질 2차 전지용 정극 활물질에 의해 형성된 정극을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 2차 전지.
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