KR0165651B1 - 전기화학 디바이스 - Google Patents
전기화학 디바이스 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR0165651B1 KR0165651B1 KR1019960040087A KR19960040087A KR0165651B1 KR 0165651 B1 KR0165651 B1 KR 0165651B1 KR 1019960040087 A KR1019960040087 A KR 1019960040087A KR 19960040087 A KR19960040087 A KR 19960040087A KR 0165651 B1 KR0165651 B1 KR 0165651B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- cerium oxide
- cathode
- barium cerium
- oxygen sensor
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- RKMSYLGAZSHVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ba+2].[Ce+3] RKMSYLGAZSHVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 101150058765 BACE1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QHYZMECWQQPVHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Gd+3].[Ce+3].[Ba+2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Gd+3].[Ce+3].[Ba+2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] QHYZMECWQQPVHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IFKAROTVVUBMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ba].[Ce] Chemical compound [Ba].[Ce] IFKAROTVVUBMBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIMSGZOBLPKOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Gd].[Ce].[Ba] Chemical compound [Gd].[Ce].[Ba] JIMSGZOBLPKOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTZMBHJQLAYDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Y+3].[Ba++].[Ce+3] KJTZMBHJQLAYDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 본 발명은, 바륨세륨계 산화물의 층, 상기 바륨세륨계 산화물의 층 한편 면에 형성된 캐소우드, 및 상기 바륨세륨계 산화물의 층의 다른쪽에 형성된 애노우드를 구비하고, 상기 애노우드와 캐소우드의 최소한 한쪽이, 상기 바륨세륨계 산화물과의 열팽창계수의 차를 완화하는 구성을 가지는 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 애노우드와 캐소우드 중 최소한 한쪽이, 상기 바륨세륨계 산화물의 층 표면에 형성된 제1박막전극과, 다시 그 위에 형성된 제2전극이 2층구조를 가지는 적층 구조인 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 애노우드와 캐소우드 중 최소한 한쪽이, 금, 은, 동, 및 탄소로서 이루어지는 군에서 선박되는 1종과 백금과의 혼합물로 구성되어 있는 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 혼합물중의 백금의 혼합비율이 5원자% 이하인 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 바륨세륨계 산화물이, 식 BaCe1-xMxO3-a(단, M은, Sc, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, 및 Er로서 이루어지는 군으로부터 선발되는 최소한 1종의 원소이며, 0x1, 0a1이다.)로 표시되는 산화물인 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제5항에 있어서, x가 0.16≤x≤0.23인 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 M이 Gd이며, x값이 0.16≤x≤0.23인, 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 바륨세륨계 산화물이 BaCe0.8Gd0.2O3-a(0a1)로 표시되는 산화물인 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 애노우드 또는 캐소우드의 제1박막전극이, Pt, Pd, Au 또는 Ag로서 이루어지는 전기화학 디바이스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 캐소우드측에 확산 산소량을 제한하는 기구를 가지는, 한계전류식 산소센서.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP95-251232 | 1995-09-28 | ||
JP7251232A JPH0989836A (ja) | 1995-09-28 | 1995-09-28 | 電気化学デバイス |
JP96-35235 | 1996-02-22 | ||
JP8035235A JP3048914B2 (ja) | 1996-02-22 | 1996-02-22 | 電気化学デバイス |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR970016573A KR970016573A (ko) | 1997-04-28 |
KR0165651B1 true KR0165651B1 (ko) | 1999-03-30 |
Family
ID=26374178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019960040087A KR0165651B1 (ko) | 1995-09-28 | 1996-09-16 | 전기화학 디바이스 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5720864A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0766085B1 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR0165651B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69612531T2 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3680232B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-31 | 2005-08-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体電解質と、これを用いた燃料電池、水素ポンプ、酸素濃度センサおよび水蒸気濃度センサ |
DE19750123C2 (de) * | 1997-11-13 | 2000-09-07 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Sensoranordnung für die Temperaturmessung |
US6228521B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Utah Research Foundation | High power density solid oxide fuel cell having a graded anode |
DE19960954B4 (de) * | 1999-12-17 | 2004-02-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Messfühler aus einem keramischen Schichtsystem |
WO2004084332A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-17 | 2004-09-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池 |
US6946213B2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2005-09-20 | Nextech Materials, Ltd. | Perovskite electrodes and method of making the same |
DE102005049775A1 (de) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-04-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor zur Messung der Konzentration einer Gaskomponente in einem Gasgemisch und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode eines solchen Sensors |
CN103875119B (zh) * | 2011-10-12 | 2016-04-20 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
CN104950029B (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2018-10-23 | 达特传感器(深圳)有限公司 | 氧传感器 |
CN105717183A (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-06-29 | 扬州大学 | 一种无酶葡萄糖传感器及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4851303A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1989-07-25 | Sri-International | Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts |
US5134042A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1992-07-28 | Sri International | Solid compositions for fuel cells, sensors and catalysts |
GB2206571A (en) * | 1987-07-09 | 1989-01-11 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Barium cerate doped with gadolinium |
JPS6487510A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1989-03-31 | Nippon Denso Co | Protonic conductive solid electrolyte |
US5001021A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-03-19 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Ceria electrolyte composition |
JP2882104B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-17 | 1999-04-12 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | プロトン伝導体およびその製造方法 |
KR970003280B1 (ko) * | 1991-11-26 | 1997-03-17 | 도오교오 요오교오 가부시끼가이샤 | 용융금속중의 수소용해량 측정용 센서 프로우브 및 수소농도 측정방법 |
JPH05209859A (ja) * | 1992-01-30 | 1993-08-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 限界電流式酸素センサの作動装置 |
EP0582830B1 (de) * | 1992-07-31 | 1997-03-19 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Planarer Sensor aus Keramikmaterial zum Nachweis von brennbaren Gasen |
US5403461A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1995-04-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Solid electrolyte-electrode system for an electrochemical cell |
DE4314323C2 (de) * | 1993-04-30 | 1998-01-22 | Siemens Ag | Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle mit verbesserter Festelektrolyt/Elektroden-Grenzfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mehrschichtaufbaus mit verbesserter Festelektrolyt/Elektroden-Grenzfläche |
DE4315749B4 (de) * | 1993-05-11 | 2005-01-27 | Mst Micro-Sensor-Technologie Gmbh | Elektrochemischer Sensor mit einem Festelektrolyten zur Messung der Gaskonzentration |
JP3340526B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-23 | 2002-11-05 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | バリウムセリウム系酸化物固体電解質用の還元極およびその製造法 |
JP2932916B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-14 | 1999-08-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
JPH07218468A (ja) * | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-18 | Fujikura Ltd | 限界電流式酸素センサ |
EP0677741A3 (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1996-05-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Oxygen sensor. |
-
1996
- 1996-09-16 KR KR1019960040087A patent/KR0165651B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-19 DE DE69612531T patent/DE69612531T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-19 EP EP96115032A patent/EP0766085B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-20 US US08/717,451 patent/US5720864A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0766085B1 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
KR970016573A (ko) | 1997-04-28 |
EP0766085A2 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
US5720864A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
DE69612531D1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
DE69612531T2 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
EP0766085A3 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
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