JP7459184B2 - 基板を接合する装置および方法 - Google Patents
基板を接合する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7459184B2 JP7459184B2 JP2022126879A JP2022126879A JP7459184B2 JP 7459184 B2 JP7459184 B2 JP 7459184B2 JP 2022126879 A JP2022126879 A JP 2022126879A JP 2022126879 A JP2022126879 A JP 2022126879A JP 7459184 B2 JP7459184 B2 JP 7459184B2
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Description
本明細書の以下の過程では、まず、プレートと基板とを備えた保持装置に関する本発明の実施形態を説明する。本発明によれば、後に、このような形式の保持装置を2つ有している1つの装置も開示される。この場合、本発明によるプレートは、両保持装置の一方でのみ、または両方の保持装置で使用されてよい。1つのプレートのみが使用される場合、このプレートは、上側の、しかしながら好適には下側の保持装置に位置していてよい。本発明による好適な実施形態は、本発明による2つのプレートを、それぞれ、1つの基板とこれに対応する保持装置との間で使用することにある。
第1の基板および/または第2の基板は、有利には半径方向対称である。基板は任意のいかなる直径をも有することができるが、基板直径は特に1インチ、2インチ、3インチ、4インチ、5インチ、6インチ、8インチ、12インチ、18インチであり、または18インチよりも大きい。第1の基板および/または第2の基板の厚さは、1μm~2000μm、有利には10μm~1500μm、より有利には100μm~1000μmである。特別な実施形態では、基板が、方形の形状または少なくとも円形の形状とは異なる形状を有していてもよい。基板とは、以下の過程では特にウェハであると理解される。
別の、特に独立的な態様は、プレートの構成、および基板と保持装置との間でのプレートの使用にある。特にプレートは、基板とは反対側の面で、保持装置の湾曲手段もしくは湾曲変更手段の上に配置されている。したがって、基板は直接変形されるのではなく、基板の変形は、湾曲変更手段によるプレートの変形により間接的に行われる。
プレートはとりわけ、材料パラメータによって、例えば純度、固有剛性、平坦性、および変形可能性によって特徴付けられる。プレートは、保持装置と、保持装置上に位置固定された/位置固定可能な基板との間に位置する。プレートは、一方では、望ましくない外的影響によって変形されないように、かつこのプレートの上に位置する基板に十分な支持力を提供することができるように十分厚く形成され、他方では、目標通りに作用する力(圧縮空気、真空、機械的、ニューマチック的、または電気的なアクチュエータ)によって湾曲されるように十分薄く形成される。プレートは、凸状かつ/または凹状の形状にすることができる。
・金属、特に
○Cu、AG、Au、Al、Fe、Ni、Co、Pt、W、Cr、Pb、Ti、Ta、Zn、Sn、
・半導体、特に
○Ge、Si、αスズ、フラーレン、B、Se、Te、
・化合物半導体、特に
○GaAs、GaN、InP、InxGal-xN、InSb、InAs、GaSb、AlN、InN、GaP、BeTe、ZnO、CuInGaSe2、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、Hg(l-x)Cd(x)Te、BeSe、HgS、AlxGal-xAs、GaS、GaSe、GaTe、InS、InSe、InTe、CuInSe2、CuInS2、CuInGaS2、SiC、SiGe、
・特に上記材料のいずれか1つの酸化物
・合金、特に鋼、好適には、
○特殊鋼
○工具鋼
○熱間加工鋼
○高速度鋼
・プラスチック、特に
○熱可塑性プラスチック、好適には、
□ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)
□ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)
□ポリイミド
□ポリアミドイミド
○熱硬化性プラスチック
○エラストマー
・セラミック、特に
○酸化アルミニウム Al2O3、
○ジルコニア ZrO2、
○炭化ケイ素、特に、
□反応結合シリコンフィルタード炭化ケイ素 SiSiC、
□炭化ケイ素 SiC
□窒化ケイ素 Si3N4
□酸窒化結合炭化ケイ素 NSiC
□焼結炭化ケイ素 SSiC
・ガラス
接合時の、特に接合開始時の第1のおよび/または第2のプレートの曲率半径は、特に0.01mよりも大きく、好適には0.1mよりも大きく、さらに好適には1mよりも大きく、さらに好適には10mよりも大きく、さらに好適には100mよりも大きく、最も好適には1000mよりも大きい。
変形可能なプレートの厚さは特に、0.1~10mmであり、好適には0.25~8mmであり、さらに好適には0.5~6mmであり、最も好適には1~5mmである。
弾性率(ヤング率)は、線形弾性挙動における固体の変形の際の膨張と応力の関係を表す材料特性値である。プレートの弾性率は、0.01GPa~1100GPaであり、好適には、0.1GPa~800GPaであり、さらに好適には1GPa~600GPaであり、さらに好適には10GPa~500GPaであり、最も好適には100GPa~450GPaである。
プレートの粗さは、平均粗さ、二次元粗さ、または平均粗さ深さとして記載される。平均粗さ、二次元粗さ、および平均粗さ深さについて算出された値は、一般に、同じ測定距離もしくは測定面積について異なるが、同じオーダーの範囲内にある。したがって、粗さのための以下の数値範囲は、平均粗さ、または二次元粗さ、または平均粗さ深さに関する値として理解される。この場合、粗さは、100μm未満、好適には10μm未満、さらに好適には1μm未満、さらに好適には100nm未満、最も好適には10nm未満である。
特に独立した、または上記のものと組み合わせ可能な本発明による別の思想は、湾曲手段および/または湾曲変更手段としての変形エレメントの使用にある。
本発明の好適な構成によれば、プレートおよび/または保持装置は、湾曲を測定するための湾曲測定手段を有している。
・温度センサおよび/または
・圧力センサおよび/または
・距離センサ、である。
本発明によるさらなる実施形態では、プレートおよび/または保持装置は、基板および/またはプレートが、特に所定の区分で、温度調節され得るように形成される。温度調節により、特に、基板および/またはプレートの目標通りの付加的な変形が可能となる。基板とプレートの、もしくはプレートと保持装置との熱膨張係数が異なっているならば、基板は特にプレートの熱膨張に追従し、もしくはプレートは特に保持装置の熱膨張に追従する。好適には、基板および/またはプレートは、プレートに、もしくは保持装置に位置固定される前に、加熱および/または冷却手段によって予め温度調節され、もしくは所望の温度にもたらされる。
本発明によれば、プレート固定部が設けられており、これにより基板はプレートに位置固定される、または位置固定可能である。さらに、保持装置固定部が設けられており、これにより基板は、特にプレートを介して、保持装置に位置固定される、または位置固定可能である。両固定部は、本質的に同じであり、種類が同じであるので、一度のみ説明する。上記固定部の構造、グループ化、区域分けも、本発明によるプレートおよび保持装置に関して同じであってよい。しかしながら、異なるように構成されていることも考えられる。
・片面
・円のセグメント、
・特に三角形、四角形、または六角形としての、タイル張りのような区域。
・ピラミッド、特に三角錐または四角錐、
・円筒、特に平坦なまたは丸み付けされた頭部を備えた円筒、
・直方体、
・円錐、
・球シェル。
・温度センサおよび/または
・圧力センサおよび/または
・距離センサ、である。
・クランプによる機械的位置固定、および/または
・静電気的位置固定、および/または
・磁気的位置固定、および/または
・ゲルパック位置固定、である。
1つの実施形態によれば、保持装置および/またはプレートには突起構造が設けられている。突起は、特に均等かつ連続的に分配された、基板および/またはプレートのための支持個所の僅かな数を成す。これにより、基板および/またはプレートの汚染の可能性は回避され、同時に安定性は維持される。相応の突起保持装置は、この点に関して引用される国際公開第2015113641号に記載されている。
本明細書の次の過程では、本発明による接合機について言及するが、この接合機は、本発明による2つの保持装置から成り、この保持装置のうちの少なくとも一方は本発明によるプレートを有している。
本発明によれば、プレートの曲げを、ひいてはプレートに位置固定された基板の曲げを接合過程において正確に制御することができる。
・ねじ、および/または
・ピン、および/または
・アンカーボルト、および/または
・金属薄板、および/または
・特別に製作された成形エレメント。
1u,1u’ 下側の保持装置
1s 保持面
2,2’ 固定エレメント
3 センサ
4o 第1の/上側の基板
4u 第2の/下側の基板
4a 基板保持面
4k 接触面
5,5’ 湾曲エレメント
6’,6’’ 固定エレメント接続部
12 測定穴
13 接合機
14u,14o 実際湾曲
15u,15o 目標湾曲
16u,16o 圧力経過
17o 上側のプレート
17u 下側のプレート
18 シールリング
19,19’ 制限エレメント
20 第1のプレート面
21 第2のプレート面
p1,p1’ 圧力
Claims (21)
- 第1の基板(4o)を第2の基板(4u)に、前記基板(4o,4u)の互いに向き合う接触面(4k)で接合する方法であって、前記第1の基板(4o)を第1の保持装置(1o)に保持し、前記第2の基板(4u)を第2の保持装置(1u)に保持し、
前記第2の保持装置(1u)は、前記第2の基板(4u)と前記第2の保持装置(1u)の表面との間に配置されている変形可能なプレート(17u)を有する、
方法において、
前記第2の基板(4u)を前記プレート(17u)と共に、接合前または接合中、または接合前かつ接合中に、前記第2の保持装置(1u)に対して変形させ、
前記第2の基板(4u)を前記プレート(17u)の変形により変形させ、
前記プレート(17u)の厚さは、0.1~10mmであり、
前記第2の保持装置(1u)の周囲で専ら前記プレート(17u)の周縁の領域に配置された負圧供給可能な複数の第1の固定手段(2)を個別に駆動制御することにより、前記プレート(17u)を前記接触面(4k)とは反対を向く面で負圧により前記第2の保持装置(1u)に位置固定する、
ことを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記第1の基板(4o)と前記第1の保持装置(1o)との間にプレート(17o)が配置されており、前記第1の基板(4o)を前記プレート(17o)と共に、接合前または接合中、または接合前かつ接合中に、前記第1の保持装置(1o)に対して変形させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記変形を、前記接触面(4k)の接触前に、前記接触面(4k)に対して鏡像対称的または同心的、または鏡像対称的かつ同心的であるように調節または制御、または調節かつ制御する、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記変形のうちの少なくとも1つを、流体圧負荷により、前記プレート(17u,17o)を負荷する湾曲手段(5,5’)によって調節または制御する、または調節かつ制御する、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記プレート(17u,17o)のうちの少なくとも1つを、円環状に、前記保持装置(1u,1o)の周囲に配置された第1の固定手段(2)により位置固定する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記プレート(17u、17o)のうちの少なくとも1つを、リング状に前記保持装置(1u,1o)の周囲で専ら前記プレート(17o,17u)の周縁の領域に配置された第1の固定手段(2)によって位置固定する、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記基板(4u,4o)のうちの少なくとも1つを、前記プレート(17u,17o)の、前記保持装置(1o,1u)の前記第1の固定手段(2)に接続された第2の固定手段(2’)によって位置固定する、請求項5または6記載の方法。
- 前記基板(4u,4o)のうちの少なくとも1つを、前記プレート(17u,17o)の、前記保持装置(1o,1u)の前記第1の固定手段(2)に接続された同様の形式の第2の固定手段(2’)によって位置固定する、請求項5または6記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの前記基板(4o,4u)のうちの少なくとも1つの、および前記プレート(17o,17u)のうちの少なくとも1つの前記変形を、距離センサを含むセンサを含む湾曲測定手段によって検出する、請求項1、2、5、6、7または8記載の方法。
- 前記プレート(17u)の曲率半径は、調節可能である、請求項1,2,5、6または7記載の方法。
- 第1の基板(4o)を第2の基板(4u)に、前記基板(4o,4u)の互いに向かい合う接触面(4k)で接合する装置であって、
前記第1の基板(4o)を保持する第1の保持装置(1o)および前記第2の基板(4u)を保持する第2の保持装置(1u)を有しており、
前記第2の保持装置(1u)は、変形可能なプレート(17u)を備え、
前記プレート(17u)は、前記第2の基板(4u)と前記第2の保持装置(1u)の表面との間に配置されている、装置において、
前記第2の保持装置(1u)は、前記第2の保持装置(1u)の周囲で専ら前記プレート(17u)の周縁の領域に配置された負圧供給可能な複数の第1の固定手段(2)を有し、前記プレート(17u)は、前記複数の第1の固定手段(2)を個別に駆動制御することによって、前記接触面(4k)とは反対を向く面で負圧により前記第2の保持装置(1u)に位置固定され、
前記プレート(17u)を前記第2の基板(4u)と共に、前記第2の保持装置(1u)に対して変形させるための湾曲変更手段を備え、前記湾曲変更手段が、接合中に制御可能であり、前記第2の基板(4u)は、前記プレート(17u)の変形により変形させられ、前記プレート(17u)の厚さは、0.1~10mmである、ことを特徴とする、装置。 - 前記第1の基板(4o)と前記第1の保持装置(1o)との間にプレート(17o)が配置されており、前記第1の基板(4o)は前記プレート(17o)と共に、接合前または接合中、または接合前かつ接合中に、前記第1の保持装置(1o)に対して変形可能であるように形成されている、請求項11記載の装置。
- 前記第1の保持装置(1o)および前記第2の保持装置(1u)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記変形を調節または制御、または、調節かつ制御するために、機械的な湾曲手段および流体圧負荷手段のうちの少なくとも1つを有している、請求項11または12記載の装置。
- 前記第1の保持装置(1o)および前記第2の保持装置(1u)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記プレート(17o,17u)を位置固定するために、リング状に配置された第1の固定手段(2)を有している、請求項11または12記載の装置。
- 前記プレート(17o,17u)のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記保持装置(1o,1u)の前記第1の固定手段(2)に接続される第2の固定手段(2’)を有している、請求項14記載の装置。
- 前記プレート(17u,17o)のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記保持装置(1o,1u)の前記第1の固定手段(2)に接続されている同様の第2の固定手段(2’)を、前記基板(4u,4o)の位置固定のために有している、請求項14記載の装置。
- 前記プレート(17o,17u)のうちの少なくとも1つは、0.01GPa~1100GPaのヤング率を有している、請求項11または12記載の装置。
- 前記変形は、距離センサを含むセンサを含む湾曲測定手段によって検出可能である、請求項12記載の装置。
- 前記プレート(17u)の曲率半径は調節可能である、請求項12または18記載の装置。
- 第1の固定手段(2)によって、請求項11から19までのいずれか1項記載の装置の保持装置(1u,1o)に第1のプレート面(20)で固定され、かつ第2の固定手段(2’)によって、前記第1のプレート面(20)に対して対向配置された第2のプレート面(21)で第1のまたは第2の基板(4o,4u)に固定されるプレートであって、前記プレートは、変形可能であり、かつ、少なくとも1つの固定エレメント接続部(6’,6’’)を、前記第2の固定手段(2’)と前記保持装置(1o,1u)との流体技術的な接続のために有しており、前記プレートの変形は調節可能であり、前記プレートの厚さは、0.1~10mmである、プレート。
- 前記プレートの曲率半径は調節可能である、請求項20記載のプレート。
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