JP7386651B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7386651B2 JP7386651B2 JP2019159780A JP2019159780A JP7386651B2 JP 7386651 B2 JP7386651 B2 JP 7386651B2 JP 2019159780 A JP2019159780 A JP 2019159780A JP 2019159780 A JP2019159780 A JP 2019159780A JP 7386651 B2 JP7386651 B2 JP 7386651B2
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- catalyst
- exhaust gas
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 305
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 311
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 166
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 243
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 58
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 34
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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Description
以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の好適な実施形態を説明する。なお、本明細書において特に言及している事項以外の事柄であって本発明の実施に必要な事柄は、当該分野における従来技術に基づく当業者の設計事項として把握され得る。本発明は、本明細書に開示されている内容と当該分野における技術常識とに基づいて実施することができる。また、以下の図面において、同じ作用を奏する部材・部位には同じ符号を付し、重複する説明は省略又は簡略化することがある。各図における寸法関係(長さ、幅、厚み等)は、実際の寸法関係を必ずしも反映するものではない。また、本明細書において範囲を示す「A~B」(A,Bは任意の数値)の表記は、A以上B以下の意と共に、「好ましくはAより大きい」および「好ましくはBより小さい」の意を包含する。
図4は、第2実施形態の排ガス浄化用触媒30を筒軸方向Xに沿って切断した断面を拡大した断面図である。本実施形態の排ガス浄化用触媒30は、基材31と、基材31の表面に設けられた多層構造の触媒層40と、を備えている。基材31については、上記した第1実施形態の基材11と同様であってよい。なお、以下では、筒軸方向Xに触媒層40を2分し、流入口10aに近い方を前段部、流出口10bに近い方を後段部ということがある。また、第1実施形態と共通する部分の説明を省略または簡略化し、主に第1実施形態とは異なる部分について説明する。
(例1)
本実施形態では、1種類のスラリーを用い、基材上に単層構造の触媒層を形成した。具体的には、まず、ハニカム基材(コージェライト製、容積:700mL、基材の全長:84mm、セル数:600セル、セル形状:六角形、隔壁の厚み:2ミル)を用意した。なお、以下の説明において、「L-cat」とは、排ガス浄化用触媒の体積(基材の体積)1Lあたりの固形分量を意味している。
・OSC材:CeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物、CeO2=15~45質量%、Nd2O3、La2O3、Y2O3、Pr6O11がそれぞれ微量添加され、高耐熱化が施されたもの。
・非OSC材:La2O3-Al2O3複合酸化物、La2O3=1~10質量%
比較例1では、原料の粒径以外、全て例1と同一条件とした。すなわち、非OSC材として、Db=7μmのLa2O3-Al2O3複合酸化物を用い、かつ、OSC材として、Da=3μmのCeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物を用いてスラリー2を調製し、触媒層を形成したこと以外は例1と同様にして、比較例1の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。各例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒について、表1に纏めて示す。
上記排ガス浄化用触媒を筒軸方向に沿って切断し、試験片を切り出した。試験片を包埋研磨した後、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM:Scanning Electron Microscope)を用いて、基材および触媒層の断面を観察し、観察画像を得た。なお、観察倍率は1000倍を基本とし、粒径が小さい場合は、さらに4000倍、8000倍と観察倍率を上げて観察を行った。次に、観察画像を、オープンソースの画像解析ソフトウエアImage Jに取り込み、下記手順に従って画像解析を行い、非OSC材およびOSC材の平均粒子径Dx、Dyをそれぞれ計測した。結果を表1に示す。
(2)スケールバーに合わせてラインを引いた。
(3)セットスケールでピクセルと長さ(μm)を合わせた。
(4)解析対象の触媒層部分の画像を切り出した。
(6)adjustのthresholdにて、輝度を自動で2値化した。これにより、非OSC材とOSC材のそれぞれについて、自動でセグメンテーションを実施し、非OSC材は白色、OSC材は黒色にセグメンテーション(分類)した。
(7)OSC材(黒色)部分について、手動で空隙部分を除外する等、微調整を行った。そして、非OSC材およびOSC材のそれぞれについて、下記(8)~(14)を実施した。
(8)watershedにて、つながっている粒子を自動で分割した。
(9)analyze particleにて、分割した粒子の面積をそれぞれ取得した。なお、解析範囲は、0~無限大(μm2)、真円度は0~1.0、画像端の粒子は除外し、穴の開いた中空粒子は含めて計算した。
(10)Distributionにて、面積の頻度分布を表示した。なお、表示範囲は、0.005~30000(μm2)、分割数は720万とした。
(11)得られた面積の頻度分布を、真円近似で粒子径(直径)に変換した。
(12)粒子径から球形近似で体積を計算し、体積と頻度を掛けあわせた。
(13)粒子の全体積を積算し、各粒径の体積分率を算出し、体積頻度とした。
(14)粒子径と体積頻度とをプロットした体積頻度分布を作成し、体積頻度の積算が小粒径側から累積50%に相当する点を平均粒子径(体積基準)とした。
各例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒をV型8気筒(排気量:4600cc)のガソリンエンジンに取り付け、平均エンジン回転数3000rpm、触媒床温度1000℃で50時間の耐久試験を行った。耐久試験後、L型4気筒(排気量:2500cc)のガソリンエンジンを備えた触媒評価装置を用いて、ガソリン車両の模擬排ガスにおけるNOx浄化性能を評価した。この触媒評価装置は、排ガス浄化用触媒への流入ガスおよび排ガス浄化用触媒からの流出ガスの成分を分析することができる。具体的には、各例に係る排ガス浄化用触媒を触媒評価装置に設置し、平均エンジン回転数3000rpmで空燃比(A/F)14.6の模擬排ガスを供給しながら、室温(25℃)から600℃までの昇温特性(昇温速度20℃/min)を測定した。このときの流入ガスおよび流出ガスにおけるNOx濃度の比から、NOx浄化率を測定した。そして、NOx浄化率が50%となった温度(NOx-T50)を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
(例2)
本実施形態では、相互に組成が異なる2種類のスラリーを用い、基材上に上下2層構造の触媒層を形成した。
具体的には、まず、例1と同じOSC材、非OSC材およびハニカム基材を用意した。次に、硝酸Pd溶液(Pdで0.6g/L-cat)と、非OSC材(Db=0.5μm、35g/L-cat)と、OSC材(Da=9μm、50g/L-cat)と、硫酸バリウム(5g/L-cat)と、Al2O3系バインダとを水溶媒中に分散させ、撹拌混合することによって、スラリー3を調製した。次に、スラリー3を上記ハニカム基材の入側の端部から流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことで、隔壁全長の90%に当たる部分に材料をコーティングした。これを120℃の乾燥機で2時間加熱乾燥して水分を飛ばした後、500℃の電気炉で2時間焼成し、上流側から筒軸方向Xに沿って下層を形成した。
比較例2では、下層の原料の粒径以外、全て例2と同一条件とした。すなわち、下層を形成する際に、非OSC材として、Db=7μmのLa2O3-Al2O3複合酸化物を用い、かつ、OSC材として、Da=3μmのCeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物を用いてスラリーを作製したこと以外は例2と同様にして、比較例2の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。また、試験例1と同様にして、担持材料の平均粒子径Dx、Dyの計測とNOx浄化性能の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
(例3)
本実施形態では、相互に組成が異なる3種類のスラリーを用い、基材上に、排ガスの流れ方向の上流側と下流側とで構成が異なる触媒層(下層)を形成した後、その上に上層を形成して、上下2層構造の触媒層を形成した。
具体的には、まず、例1と同じ基材を用意した。次に、硝酸Pd溶液(Pdで0.5g/L-cat)とし、非OSC材の含有量を30g/L-catとし、OSC材の含有量を50g/L-cat)とし、硫酸バリウムの含有量を15g/L-catとしたこと以外はスラリー1と同様にして、スラリー5を調製した。次に、スラリー5を上記ハニカム基材の出側の端部から流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことで、隔壁全長の70%に当たる部分に材料をコーティングした。これを120℃の乾燥機で2時間加熱乾燥して水分を飛ばした後、500℃の電気炉で2時間焼成し、下流側から筒軸方向Xに沿って出側下層を形成した。
入側下層および出側下層を形成する際に、非OSC材およびOSC材として、表3に示す平均粒子径Da、Dbのものをそれぞれ用いたこと以外は例3と同様にして、例4~9、比較例3~7、9の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。
入側下層および出側下層を形成する際に、非OSC材として、平均粒子径Dbが異なる2種類の粉末(平均粒子径Db=0.5μmおよび40μmのLa2O3-Al2O3複合酸化物)を用い、かつ、OSC材として平均粒子径Daが異なる2種類の粉末(平均粒子径Da=0.5μmおよび9μmのCeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物)を、1:1の体積比で用いたこと以外は例3と同様にして、比較例8の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。なお、平均粒子径Da、Dbは、2種類の粉末の算術平均とした。また、試験例1と同様にして、担持材料の平均粒子径Dx、Dyの計測とNOx浄化性能の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
(比較例10)
入側下層および出側下層を形成する際に、非OSC材には触媒金属を担持しなかったこと以外は例3と同様にして、比較例10の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。また、試験例1と同様にして、担持材料の平均粒子径Dx、Dyの計測とNOx浄化性能の評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
(例10)
上層を形成する際に、非OSC材として、平均粒子径Dbが0.5μmのものを用い、かつ、OSC材として、平均粒子径Daが12μmのものを用いたこと以外は例3と同様にして、例10の排ガス浄化用触媒を得た。また、試験例1と同様にして、担持材料の平均粒子径Dx、Dyの計測とNOx浄化性能の評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
10、30 排ガス浄化用触媒
11、31 基材
20、40 触媒層
21 担持材料
22 OSC材
23 非OSC材(OSC材以外の担体)
41 下層
41a 入側下層
41b 出側下層
42 上層
Claims (10)
- 基材と、前記基材の上に設けられている触媒層と、を備え、
前記触媒層は、触媒金属と、前記触媒金属を担持している担持材料と、を含み、
前記担持材料は、酸素吸蔵能を有するOSC材と、OSC材以外の担体と、を含み、
前記OSC材の電子顕微鏡観察に基づく体積基準の平均粒子径Dxは、1.5μm以上であり、かつ、前記OSC材以外の担体の電子顕微鏡観察に基づく体積基準の平均粒子径Dyよりも大きく、
前記OSC材以外の担体の前記平均粒子径Dyは、0.7μm以上2μm以下である、
排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記OSC材以外の担体の前記平均粒子径Dyに対する前記OSC材の前記平均粒子径Dxの比(Dx/Dy)が、1.3以上20以下である、
請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記OSC材を100質量部としたときに、前記OSC材以外の担体の含有割合が、25~200質量部である、
請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記OSC材の前記平均粒子径Dxが、15μm以下である、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記OSC材がセリアを含むCe含有酸化物である、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記OSC材以外の担体がアルミナを含むAl含有酸化物である、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記触媒層は、前記基材の表面に形成されており、
前記触媒層の上に前記触媒層とは異なる種類の前記触媒金属を含む第2の触媒層が形成されている、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記触媒層は、前記触媒金属としてPdを含み、
前記第2の触媒層は、前記触媒金属としてRhを含む、
請求項7に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 排ガスが流入する流入口から排ガスが流出する流出口に向かう排ガスの流れ方向において、前記触媒層は、上流側と下流側とに組成が異なる前記触媒層をそれぞれ備えている、
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記排ガスの流れ方向に前記触媒層を2分し、前記流入口に近い方を前段部とし、前記流出口に近い方を後段部としたときに、
前記前段部が、前記後段部よりも多くの前記OSC材以外の担体を含む、
請求項9に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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