JP6966455B2 - 侵襲的且つ非侵襲的な処置上のスキンケアのための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
侵襲的且つ非侵襲的な処置上のスキンケアのための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6966455B2 JP6966455B2 JP2018539307A JP2018539307A JP6966455B2 JP 6966455 B2 JP6966455 B2 JP 6966455B2 JP 2018539307 A JP2018539307 A JP 2018539307A JP 2018539307 A JP2018539307 A JP 2018539307A JP 6966455 B2 JP6966455 B2 JP 6966455B2
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Description
Application Data Sheetに特定されたあらゆる及び全ての優先権主張、或いはそれらに対する補正は、37 CFR 1.57の下で参照により本明細書に組み込まれるものとする。本出願は、2016年2月4日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/291,376号、及び2016年3月3日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/303,332号の利益を主張するものである。前述の出願の各々は、その全体において参照により本明細書に組み込まれ、それぞれ本明細書の一部を明確に構成するものである。前述の出願は、その全体において参照により本明細書に組み込まれ、本明細書の一部を明確に構成するものである。
皮膚の修復、健康な皮膚の促進、皮膚の再生、及び創傷治癒の向上のための組成物及び方法を含む、スキンケア処置のための組成物及び方法が提供される。
用語「薬学的に許容可能な塩」及び「その薬学的に許容可能な塩」は、本明細書で使用されるように、広義語であり、当業者に与えられた通常及び慣習的な意味であり(及び特別な又はカスタマイズされた意味には限定されない)、及び、薬学的に許容可能な非毒性の酸又は塩基から調製される塩を制限無しに指し示すものである。適切な薬学的に許容可能な塩は、金属塩、例えば、アルミニウム、亜鉛、リチウムなどのアルカリ金属塩、ナトリウム、及びカリウム塩、カルシウム塩及びマグネシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩といった塩;有機塩、例えば、リジン、N,N’−ジベンジルエチレンジアミン、クロロプロカイン、コリン、ジエタノールアミン、エチレンジアミン、メグルミン(N−メチルグルカミン)、プロカイン、及びトリスの塩;遊離酸と遊離塩基の塩;無機塩、例えば、硫酸塩、塩酸塩、及び臭化水素酸塩;及び、現在は広範囲の製薬学的用途に使用され、且つ例えばメルクインデックスなどの当業者に周知のソースに列挙されている他の塩を含む。任意の適切な構成要素は、無毒であり且つ望ましい活性に実質的に干渉しないのであれば、本明細書で議論される治療薬の塩を作るために選択することができる。塩に加えて、化合物の薬学的に許容可能な前躯体及び誘導体を利用することができる。薬学的に許容可能なアミド、低級アルキルエステル、及び保護された誘導体も、好ましい実施形態の組成物及び方法における使用に適切な場合がある。薬学的に許容可能な塩の形態で好ましい実施形態の化合物を投与することが可能かもしれないが、一般的に中性型で化合物を投与することが好ましい。
本明細書に記載される組成物は、皮膚の治療における使用、より具体的には、スキンケア処置、皮膚の再生の促進、及び創傷治癒の向上の促進に適している。前記組成物は、創傷治癒の向上(例えば、治癒までの時間の減少、結果として生じる瘢痕の出現の最小化など)が望ましい場合に、皮膚の穿刺、切開、又は皮膚への他の損傷(例えば、化学損傷、低温損傷、機械的損傷、光損傷、電気損傷、熱損傷、伸展裂創におけるような皮膚の変形から結果として生じる損傷など)に関与する外科的処置における使用に適している。前記組成物は、創傷(例えば、にきび瘢痕、熱傷瘢痕、他の皮膚瘢痕、慢性の治癒されない創傷)の治癒の向上における使用に適している。前記組成物は、真皮に影響を与える様々な皮膚科学的又は医学的な治療又は処置(例えば、光線治療、エクリン汗腺の除去、癌のための放射線治療)と組み合わせた使用に適している。本明細書に記載される組成物は、皮膚治療の手順に適しており、該手順は、限定されないが、審美的なレーザーによる皮膚の表面再生処置、レーザーによる毛の除去、額の持ち上げ手術(brow lift surgery)、ケミカルピーリング(例えば、グリコール酸アルファヒドロキシル酸でのピーリング、トリクロロ酢酸でのピーリング、フェノールでのピーリングなど)、腹壁形成術、気管支形成術(brachioplasty)、眼瞼形成術、乳房成形術、乳房固定術、しわ切除又は下部しわ切除、鼻形成術、大腿の持ち上げ手術(thigh lift surgery)、色素性母斑(奇胎)切除術、皮膚切除術及び微小皮膚切除術、レチノイド処置(例えばイソトレチノイン、オールトランス型レチノイン酸での処置など)、ヒアルロン酸注射、ボツリヌス毒素注射、フィラー処置(例えば、しわを埋めるための処置など)、硬化療法、殿部の増大手術、マイクロニードリング、入墨、及び、毛の除去、増毛、及び再生のための任意の及び全ての他の処置(例えば、経口又は局所のミノキシジルと併せる)、感染(局所、経口、又は注射可能な抗生物質と組み合わせる)、皮膚の若返り又は表面再生、ざ瘡の除去又は減少、毛細血管破綻、酒さ、しわの減少、細孔の減少、セルライト及び他の皮膚の脂質沈着の切除、いぼ及び真菌(fungus)の除去、過形成性瘢痕とケロイドを含む瘢痕の菲薄化又は除去、異常色素沈着(例えばポートワイン母斑)の処置、刺青除去、皮膚の不一致(例えば、構造、色、色調、弾性、水和性など)の処置、及び汎用ローション、例えばハンドローション、フェイスローション、ボディーローションなどを含む。
本明細書に記載されるような組成物は、日光性角化症又は癌性の皮膚病変の他の特定の形態の処置に関連した使用に適している。日光角化症とも呼ばれる日光性角化症は、太陽の紫外線から損傷により引き起こされた鱗片状の堅い増殖又は病変である。これらは典型的に、顔、むき出しの頭皮、口唇、及び手の後部などの太陽にさらされる部分に生じるものであり、大抵は構造上持ち上げられ粗いものであり、疣贅に似ている。大部分は赤くなるが、一部は黄褐色、桃色、及び/又は、肉の色(flesh−toned)となる。未処置のままの場合、日光性角化症のうち最大10パーセントが扁平上皮癌に進行する。より稀な例において、日光性角化症はまた、基底細胞癌腫に変わる場合もある。略全ての日光性角化症は、皮膚癌(良性又は悪性の増殖又は腫瘍)になる前に早期に処置された場合に、排除され得る。様々な処置の選択肢が利用可能であり、これらは増殖の特徴及び患者の年齢と健康に依存する。
本明細書に記載されるペプチド組成物は、ケミカルピーリング処置との組み合わせにおいて有用である。ケミカルピーリングは、顔、頚部、又は手の上の皮膚の外観を良くするために使用される技術である。皮膚を剥離させ、最終的にはがれさせるために、化学溶液が皮膚に適用される。新たな皮膚は通常、より滑らかとなり、古い皮膚よりもしわが少ない。新たな皮膚はまた、一時的に太陽に対しより敏感となる。3つの基本的なタイプのケミカルピーリングが存在する。表面的なピーリングは、皮膚をそっと剥離するように皮膚の外層のみに浸透させるために、アルファヒドロキシ酸又は別の軽度の酸を利用することができる。この処置は、顔、頚部、胸、又は手をリフレッシュさせるのと同様に、軽度の皮膚変色及び粗めの皮膚の外観を良くするために使用される。中間のピーリングにおいて、グリコール酸又はトリクロロ酢酸が、損傷を受けた皮膚細胞を除去するように皮膚の外層及び中間層に浸透させるために適用される。この処置は、顔のシミ、微細線、及びしわ、そばかす、並びに中程度の皮膚変色を改善するために使用される。これはまた、粗めの皮膚を滑らかにし、且つ幾つかの前癌性の皮膚増殖、例えば本明細書に別記されるような日光性角化症を処置するために使用される。深部のピーリングにおいて、トリクロロ酢酸又はフェノールが、損傷を受けた皮膚細胞を除去するように皮膚の中間層に深く浸透させるために適用される。この処置は、中程度の線、顔のシミ、そばかす、及び薄い瘢痕を除去する。患者は、皮膚の外観における劇的な改善を見るが、この処置は、皮膚の層に様々な程度の損傷を結果として生じさせかねない。本明細書に開示されるようなペプチド組成物は、ケミカルピーリングの前処置として(例えば、1−31日以上の間にわたり毎日、例えば、ケミカルピーリングを始める前に1、2、3、又は4週間にわたり毎日)、及び/又は、ケミカルピーリング後の後処置として(例えば、1−31日以上の間にわたり毎日、例えば、ケミカルピーリングの完了後に1、2、3、又は4週間にわたり毎日)、適用され得る。
特に、本明細書に記載される組成物は、分割される又は分割されない場合もある、切除的及び非切除的なレーザーによる表面再生治療の前及び/又は後での使用に適している場合がある。切除的なレーザー治療において、レーザー処置は、特定の標的とされた領域にある皮膚の外層を除去する。これら手順は、非切除的なレーザー治療よりも長い持続時間の創傷治癒プロセスを必要とし、これは皮膚の除去又は気化を引き起こさない。分割されていないレーザー治療は処置された皮膚の投射された表面積全体に作用する一方、分割されたレーザー治療は、迅速な治癒のために皮膚の触れられていない領域をもたらすために標的とされた領域の均一に分けられた部分に作用する。そのため、分割されたレーザー治療の結果、より少量の報告された瘢痕を伴うより少数の副作用がもたらされた。例えば、Preissig, J., Hamilton, K., Markus, R., Current laser resurfacing technologies: A review that delves beneath the surface, Seminars in Plastic Surgery 2012, Vol. 26(3), pp. 109−116を参照。切除的なレーザー治療は、限定されないが、CO2、Er:YAG(エルビウム添加イットリウムアルミニウムガーネット)、エルビウム/CO2の組み合わせ、及び分割的なレーザー光熱分解(photothermolysis)レーザー表面再生処置を含み得る。CO2レーザーは、より高強度のレーザーでは可能な限り0.2μs−80μsの低さの、及びより低強度のレーザーでは最大10msのパルスで10,600nmの波長で光を発する。Er:YAGレーザーは、2,940nmの波長で光を発し、0.25から5msに及ぶパルスを持つ。CO2及びEr:YAGレーザーの組み合わせは、両方のタイプのレーザーでの処置の組み合わせに依存する。より短いパルスは、より高いエネルギー送達を促進し、且つ皮膚のより深くの切除を促進する。非切除的なレーザー治療は、ダイオード、エルビウムグラス、ツリウム繊維、及びNd:YAG(ネオジム添加イットリウムアルミニウムガーネット)レーザーを含み得る。これらの処置は、450μsから210msまでのパルスで1319から1927nmに及ぶ波長で光を発するレーザーを使用する。本明細書に開示されるようなペプチド組成物は、レーザー治療の前処置として処置(例えば、1−31日以上の間にわたり毎日、例えば、レーザー治療を始める前に1、2、3、又は4週間にわたり毎日)、及び/又は、レーザー治療後の後処置として(例えば、1−31日以上の間にわたり毎日、例えば、レーザー治療の完了後に1、2、3、又は4週間にわたり毎日処置)、適用され得る。
組成物の有効成分は2つ以上のペプチドを含む。組み合わせにおける第1のペプチドは、1つ以上のジペプチド、トリペプチド、及び/又はテトラペプチドであり、組み合わせにおける第2のペプチドは、1つ以上のペンタペプチド、ヘキサペプチド、及び/又はヘプタペプチドである。組成物は化粧品、薬用化粧品及び一般的なスキンケア組成物に使用されるか、又は医薬組成物中に提供されてもよい。健康な皮膚、皮膚の再生、及び創傷治癒の促進のために、ジペプチド、トリペプチド、又はテトラペプチドと、ペンタペプチド、ヘキサペプチド、又はヘプタペプチドとを含む組成物を使用する方法も、記載される。
組成物の一部は、薬物送達のための担体として利用することができる。本明細書に開示されるような無水組成物は、抗菌薬、抗原虫薬、抗真菌薬、抗ウイルス薬、殺精子剤、プロスタグランジン、及びステロイドなどの局所的に作用する薬物の送達に適切な送達のために、この点に関しては特に有用である。送達に適切な薬物は、ブロモクリプチン、シルデナフィル、オキシトシン、カルシトニン、黄体形成ホルモン放出ホルモン及びアナログ、インスリン、ヒト成長ホルモン、オキシブチニン、及びホルモン補充療法又は避妊のために使用されるステロイドを含む。抗真菌薬は、クロトリマゾール、エコナゾール、ミコナゾール、テルビナフィン、フルコナゾール、ケトコナゾール、及びアンフォテリシンを含む。抗生物質は、アモキシシリン、ドキシサイクリン、セファレキシン、シプロフロキサシン、クリンダマイシン、メトロニダゾール、アジスロマイシン、スルファメトキサゾール/トリメトプリム、アモキシシリン/クラブラン、及びレボフロキサシンを含む。抗生物質の種類(Classes)は、ペニシリン、テトラサイクリン、セファロスポリン、キノロン、リンコマイシン、マクロライド、スルホンアミド、糖ペプチド、アミノグリコシド、及びカルバペネムを含む。ホルモンのタイプは、5−αレダクターゼ阻害剤、副腎皮質ステロイド、コルチコトロピン、グルココルチコイド、ミネラルコルチコイド、副腎皮質ホルモン剤阻害剤、抗アンドロゲン、抗利尿ホルモン、抗生殖腺刺激性薬剤、抗甲状腺薬、アロマターゼ阻害剤、カルシトニン、エストロゲン受容体アンタゴニスト、ゴナドトロピン放出ホルモンアンタゴニスト、成長ホルモン受容体遮断薬、成長ホルモン、インスリン様成長因子、副甲状腺ホルモン及びアナログ、プロゲステロン受容体モジュレーター、プロラクチン阻害剤、選択的エストロゲン受容体モジュレーター、性ホルモン、アンドロゲン及びタンパク質同化ステロイド、避妊薬、エストロゲン、性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン、性腺刺激ホルモン、プロゲスチン、性ホルモンの組み合わせ、ソマトスタチン及びソマトスタチンアナログ、合成排卵刺激薬、及び甲状腺剤を含む。抗ウイルス剤は、アダマンタン抗ウイルス剤、抗ウイルス追加免疫、抗ウイルス剤の組み合わせ、抗ウイルス性インターフェロン、ケモカイン受容体拮抗薬、インテグラーゼ鎖移入阻害剤、様々な抗ウイルス剤、ノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤、NNRTI、NS5A阻害剤、ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤(NRTI)、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、及びプリンヌクレオシドを含む。
実施形態のペプチドの組み合わせは、様々な種類の製剤において利用することができる。少なくとも1つの賦形剤と組み合わせた、ジペプチド、トリペプチド、又はテトラペプチドと、ペンタペプチド、ヘキサペプチド、又はヘプタペプチドとを含む局所製剤が、提供される。賦形剤は、非水性又は水性担体、及び、保湿剤、pH調整剤、脱臭剤、香料、キレート剤、防腐剤、乳化剤、増粘剤、可溶化剤、経皮吸収促進剤、抗刺激薬、着色剤、界面活性剤、有用な薬剤、医薬品、及び皮膚の処置のための局所製剤と組み合わせての使用のための当該技術分野で既知の他の成分から選択された1以上の薬剤を、含み得る。好ましくは、前記製剤は、水性の刺激性接触皮膚炎又は損傷を受けた皮膚への適用後の刺痛感覚などの皮膚刺激を予防するための、無水製剤である。別の実施形態において、組成物は、防腐剤が特定の防腐剤に関連した皮膚刺激を回避するように利用される必要がなくなるように、製剤される(例えば防腐剤の無い製剤)。
<ペプチド>
2つ以上のペプチドの組み合わせを含む製剤は、例えば、レーザー治療、ケミカルピーリング、皮膚切除術、マイクロニードリング、及び他のそのような処置などの皮膚処置にさらされる患者において、皮膚への損傷、炎症、又は刺激(例えば、日焼け、皮膚炎、乾癬、ヘルペス病変、帯状疱疹、アレルギー反応、接触性皮膚炎など)を結果としてもたらす他の処置又は曝露にさらされる患者において、或いは、コラーゲン及び/又はエラスチンの刺激が有用な任意の皮膚状態において、健康な皮膚、皮膚の再生、及び創傷治癒の向上を促進するために提供さる。2つのペプチドの組み合わせを含む局所製剤において、第1のペプチド(例えばトリペプチド)は、純粋な形態で、或いは、ペプチド、例えば、50ppm以下〜1000、5000、10000、50000、100000、500000ppm以上、例えば100ppmのペプチドを含有する担体の形態で、組成物中に存在する。局所製剤は、0.01wt.%以下(例えば0.001wt.%)〜10wt.%以上、例えば、0.01wt.%〜0.02wt.%、0.03wt.%、0.04wt.%、0.05wt.%、0.1wt.%〜5wt.%、又は10wt.%の第1のペプチドを含み得る。第2のペプチド(例えばヘキサペプチド)は、純粋な形態で、或いは、ペプチド、例えば、50ppm以下〜1000、5000、10000、50000、100000、500000ppm以上、例えば100ppm、或いは他の適切な量を含有する担体の形態で、局所製剤の組成物中に存在する。局所製剤は、0.01wt.%以下(例えば0.001wt.%)〜10wt.%以上、例えば、0.01wt.%〜0.02wt.%、0.03wt.%、0.04wt.%、0.05wt.%、0.1wt.%〜5wt.%、又は20wt.%の第2のペプチドを含み得る。基剤におけるペプチドの量は、上方又は下方に調整され得る。
幾つかの実施形態において、オレウロペインなどのポリフェノールが組成物に加えられてもよい。オレウロペインは、オリーブの葉から分離されたポリフェノールである(例えば、Omar SH. Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Sci Pharm 2010; 78(2): 133−54; Al−Rimawi F, Yateem H, Afaneh I. Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing day cream containing olive leaves extract. International Journal of Development Research 2014; 4(10): 1996−2000; Kontogianni VG, Charisiadis P, Margianni E, Lamari FN, Gerothanassis IP, Tzakos AG. Olive leaf extracts are a natural source of advanced glycation end product inhibitors. Journal of medicinal food 2013; 16(9): 817−22を参照)。オレウロペインは、リポキシゲナーゼ活性及びロイコトリエンの産生の阻害によって主要な抗炎症作用を実証する。より具体的に、研究者は、オレウロペインが恐らくプロテアソームの構造変化を通じて、他の既知の化学的な活性化因子よってインビトロでのプロテアソーム活性をより効果的に向上することを実証した。この点で、それは活性酸素種(ROS)を減少させ、プロテアソーム媒介性の分解の増大及びオートファジー経路を介して酸化タンパク質の量を減らし、且つ複製老化の間にプロテアソーム機能を保持する。タンパク質への糖の結合の遮断を介したAGE形成の阻害、反応中間体の除去(scavenging)、又は確立されたAGE誘発性の架橋の破壊は、誘引性の治療/予防の標的を構成する。オレウロペインは、そのプロテアソーム増強機能を介してAGE形成を阻害し且つAGE産物を破壊すると実証された。オレウロペインは、局所製剤に利用されると、好ましくは約0.005重量%以下から約10.0重量%以上、典型的には約0.01重量%から約5.0重量%、例えば約0.05重量%から約0.1重量%で存在する。オレウロペインは治癒を促進するための組成物に有用である。オレウロペインは典型的に、その効果がボリュマイズに適合しない傾向があるという点で老化防止組成物において利用されないが、本明細書に記載されるような処置の前に皮膚をプレコンディショニングする(例えば、レーザー表面再生、ケミカルピーリングなど)ための製剤において都合良く利用され得る。
特定の実施形態において、非常に富化された膜リン脂質成分であるホスファチジルセリン(PS)などのリン脂質が、加えられてもよい。ホスファチジルセリンは、シグナル伝達酵素及び酸化防止活性の活性化など、様々な生理学的な役割を持つと知られている(例えば、Draelos, Z., Pugliese, P. Glycation and Skin Aging: A Review. Cosmetics & Toiletries Magazine 2011; June 2011: 1−6; Lee, S., Yang, J., Park Y., et al. Protective effect and mechanism of phosphatidylserine in UVB−induced human dermal fibroblasts. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 2013; 115(7): 783−90; He, M., Kubo, H., Morimoto, K., et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products binds to phosphatidylserine and assists in the clearance of apoptotic cells. EMBO reports 2011; 12(4): 358−64)。それは、プロコラーゲン形成を増大させるために用量に依存した方法でMMP−1を減少させることが分かっており、AGE標的の基質として作用し、結果として糖化効果から損傷をもたらす場合もある。アポトーシス細胞のクリアランスは、組織発達、ホメオスタシス、及び炎症の消散(resolution)に必要である。ホスファチジルセリンは細胞表面上に「eat me」シグナルを提供し、食細胞は細胞表面上のシグナルおよび食細胞は認識する、信号、終末糖化産物の受容体(RAGE)などの特異的な受容体の使用によってそのシグナルを認識する。これは後にPSに結合して、アポトーシス細胞及びAGEの終末産物のクリアランスを補助する。ホスファチジルセリンは、局所製剤に利用されると、好ましくは約0.005重量%以下から約10.0重量%以上、典型的には約0.01重量%から約5.0重量%、例えば約0.05重量%から約0.1重量%で存在する。
ペプチド及び本明細書に記載されるような他の成分を含む液体及びゲルは、化粧製品の分野で知られているような技術を使用して調製され得る。例えば、Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, edited by Andre O. Barel, Marc Paye, Howard I. Maibach, CRC Press, 2014を参照。その内容は全体において参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。様々な製剤が可能である。一例として、明確な化粧品ゲルスティック組成物(clear cosmetic gel stick composition)は、60%〜約90%の脂肪族多価アルコール(例えば、2から6の水酸基を含むC2−6アルコール);1−10%の石鹸;及び1−10%の水溶性皮膚軟化剤、例えば、好ましい実施形態のペプチドと組み合わせた主要成分としてのC8−22脂肪族アルコールのポリオキシアルキレンエーテルを含み得る。水性の押し出し可能なゲルは水油乳濁液技術に基づく。押し出し可能なゲルの式に導入された水の量を最小限にするために、活性な溶液の濃度が調整される。理想的には、ペプチドの高濃度の活性溶液(45−50%)が利用され得る。AP固形物のための搬送システムは典型的に、迅速に蒸発し且つ皮膚に残留物を残さないことから揮発性の環状シロキサンに基づく。揮発性の環状シロキサンの代わりとして、イソヘキサデカン又はC13−15イソアルカンを含む代替物を使用することができる。固化システムは、典型的な保管又は消費者の条件下で溶けないが、上質な肌感触をもたらし且つ容易な移動を可能にする、固形スティックを開発するために利用される。硬化カスターワックス、硬化植物油、及びポリエチレンなどの付加的なワックスの程度が異なる、シクロペンタシロキサンとステアリルアルコールの組み合わせが、利用され得る。
ウンデシレン酸ヘプチルは、ペプチドの浸透を向上させ、且つ製剤に絹のような感じをもたらすために利用され得る。他の脂肪酸エステルも利用することができ、例えば、メタン酸、酢酸、プロパン酸、ブタン酸、イソ酪酸、ペンタン酸、ヘキサン酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、ノナン酸、デカン酸、ミリストレイン酸、イソ吉草酸、パルミトレイン酸、サピエン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、バクセン酸、リノール酸、リノレライド酸(linoelaidic acid)、α−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、エルカ酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、リグノセリン酸、セロチン酸、中鎖脂肪酸、例えばC6−12脂肪酸などが利用され得る。局所製剤中に利用される時の典型的な量は、1重量%から4重量%である。ウンデシレン酸ヘプチルは、大半の製剤において都合良く利用され得る一方で、マイクロニードリングと組み合わせた使用のためのグライダー製剤(glider formulation)における随意の成分と考慮され得る。
トリ酢酸パンテニル/ナリンゲニンは、発赤及び皮膚を通じた水分損失を減らす天然植物抽出物である。局所製剤中に利用される時の抗刺激剤の典型的な量は、1重量%から4重量%である。
アルニカ抽出物は、芳香油、脂肪酸、チモール、プソイドグアヤノリドセスキテルペンラクトン(pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones)、及びフラバノン配糖体などの成分を含む。これは抗炎症作用を示す場合がある。局所製剤中に利用される時の抗炎症剤の典型的な量は、1重量%から4重量%である。
ドナリエラサリナ抽出物は、ベータカロチンなどの成分を含むこれは抗酸化作用を示す場合がある。局所製剤中に利用される時の抗酸化剤典型的な量は、0.1重量%から2重量%である。
製剤の特定の成分は、従来の製剤中で可溶化することが困難である傾向がある。例えば、ホスファチジルセリンおよびオレウロペインは、溶解性の問題を示すと知られている。シロキサンポリマー、例えば、カプリリルメチコンが、無水製剤中でこれらの2つの成分を可溶化することに特に有効であることが分かった。約0.05重量%から約0.1重量%のホスファチジルセリン及び/又は約0.05重量%から約0.1重量%のオレウロペインを含有している局所用組成物に関して、約0.5重量%から約1重量%の量のカプリリルメチコンは、無水製剤中でこれらの成分を可溶化することができる。
改変されたヘクトライト粘土などの、ヘクトライト粘土は、組成物に浸透力および吸着特性を与えるためにペプチドとともに使用することができ、エマルジョンを安定化させるのを助けることができる。ヘクトライトは、化学式Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2を有している。ベントナイトおよびケイ酸アルミニウムマグネシウムなどの他の粘土も利用することができる。
幾つかの実施形態では、ペプチドは、適切な担体、希釈剤、または賦形剤と混合することができ、投与経路および望まれる調製によって、湿潤剤、乳化剤、pH緩衝剤、ゲル化添加剤、粘度増強添加剤、防腐剤、薬剤、着臭剤、染料などの、補助物質を含有することができる。例えば、“Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy”, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 20th edition (June 1, 2003)および“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,” Mack Pub. Co.; 18th and 19th editions (December 1985, and June 1990, respectively)を参照。そのような調製物は、錯化剤、金属イオン、ポリ酢酸、ポリグリコール酸、ヒドロゲル、デキストランなどの、ポリマー化合物、リポソーム、マイクロエマルジョン、ミセル、単層または多重のベシクル、赤血球ゴーストまたはスフェロプラストを含むことができる。リポソーム製剤に適した脂質は、限定することなく、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、スルファチド、リソレシチン、リン脂質、サポニン、胆汁酸などを含む。そのような追加の成分の存在は、身体状態、溶解性、安定性、放出の速度、クリアランスの速度、および有効成分の浸透に影響を与え得る。
局所製剤の安定性試験は以下のように行うことができる。
産物はまた、3か月間−10℃(14°F)にさらされるべきである。
本明細書に提供される方法の幾つかの実施形態および組成物は、本明細書に提供されるペプチドを含むキットを含む。幾つかの実施形態では、キットは、投与する医師、他のヘルスケア専門家、患者、または介護者に提供することができる。幾つかの実施形態では、キットは、適切な局所製剤中にペプチド組成物を含有している容器、およびペプチド組成物を被験体に投与するための説明書を含む。キットはまた、随意に1つ以上の追加の治療薬または他の薬剤を含有することができる。例えば、局所形態でペプチド組成物を含有しているキットは、クレンザー、閉塞性保湿剤(occlusive moisturizers)、浸透保湿剤、日焼け止め、日焼け止めクリームなどの、他のスキンケア剤とともに提供され得る。キットは、バルク形態でペプチド組成物を含有し得るか、あるいは連続する又は順次の投与のための別個の投与量のペプチド組成物を含有することができる。キットは、随意に1つ以上の診断ツール、管理ツール、及び/又は使用のための説明書を含有することができる。キットは、ペプチド組成物および他の治療薬または有益な薬剤を投与するための説明書とともに、シリンジ、ポンプディスペンサー、単回用量パケット(single dose packets)などの、適切な送達デバイスを含有することができる。キットは、随意に、含まれるすべての治療薬または有益な薬剤の保存、再構成(適用可能な場合)、および投与のための説明書を含有することができる。キットは、被験体に与えられる投与の数または被験体に投与される異なる産物を反映する複数の容器を含むことができる。
本明細書に開示されるペプチドの局所投与は好適に利用され得るが、特定の実施形態では、全身投与が望ましい。そのような実施形態では、ペプチドは経口投与に適した組成物へと製剤されるが、他の投与経路も熟考される。
幾つかのペプチド含有局所製剤を、賦形剤と組み合わせた第1のペプチドおよび第2のペプチドを含んで調製した。そのように調製された製剤を、肌感触および安定性を含む、局所製剤としての使用のための適合性に関して評価した。製剤を以下の表でのように調製した。
一連の製剤を、粘性および安定性に対する様々な成分の影響を評価するために調製した。上に議論されるように、ホスファチジルセリンおよびオレウロペインは、可溶化するのが困難である。
レーザー創傷研究が行われ、被験体は前腕に3mmのエルビウムCO2レーザースポットを受けた。創傷治癒進行を創傷後の18日間観察した。被験体の半分は、無水のシリコンエラストマーゲルマトリックス中に1.0重量%のGKHと5.5重量%のVGVAPGを含有する局所製剤(本明細書では「二重ペプチド(dual peptide)」と呼ばれる)を使用して、少なくとも1日当たり1回、18日間自分の創傷を処置した。被験体のもう半分は、同じ創傷後の治療プロトコルに従ったが、二重ペプチド製剤の代わりに対照製剤を使用した。対照は、Beiersdorf社(Wilton、CT)のAquaphore(登録商標)(ペトロラタム、パンテノール、グリセリン、およびビサボロールを含む)か、あるいは無処置であった。図4Aでは、グラフは、創傷後18日の経過に二重ペプチド処置VS対照処置を受ける被験体の創傷の出現を描いている。創傷の出現は二重ペプチド処置を受けた被験体が優れていて、対照と比較すると2日目〜14日目に有意な差が見られた。図4Bでは、データは、上皮のコンフルエンスが2日目〜8日目に、二重ペプチド処置を受けた被験体が優れていて、その期間の各日の2つの処置では顕著な差が見られた。図4Cで描かれるデータは、1日目−14日目に、二重ペプチド処置を受けた被験体のほうが痂皮/痂皮形成が少なく、1日目−14日目に有意な差が見られた。
実施例2と同じプロトコルに従って研究が行われ、これは二重ペプチドと対照に加えて市販の創傷ケア処置(Aquaphor(登録商標))の試験を含んでいた。図5Aは二重ペプチド処置が1日目−18日目までは対照よりも優れており、2日目−11日目まではAquaphor(登録商標)よりも優れていたことを実証する痂皮/痂皮形成データを提供する。図5B−Dは、それぞれ二重ペプチド(図5B)、対照処置(図5C)、あるいはAquaphor(登録商標)(図5D)で処置した、3つの様々な創傷の4日目の創傷外観の写真である。写真は、二重ペプチド処置が創傷で最小量の痂皮または痂皮形成を示すことを実証する。
レーザー創傷研究が行われ、被験体は前腕の1mmのエルビウムCO2レーザースポットを受け取り、該スポットは表皮を貫通して真皮の奥深くに入り込んだ。被験体はレーザー創傷を受け取る前に局所麻酔注射を受けた。各被験体は、レーザー創傷を受け取る前に、2週間(創傷前の1日目−14日目)、一日複数回、二重ペプチドを適用された。被験体の半分は、レーザー創傷を受け取った後、9日間、一日少なくとも1回、二重ペプチド処置を受け、被験体のもう半分は、レーザー創傷を受け取った後、9日間、一日複数回、Aquaphor(登録商標)処置を受けた。図6A−Bは創傷の出現(図6A)と痂皮/痂皮形成(図6B)に関するデータを提供し、レーザー皮膚処置の前に二重ペプチドによる2週間の事前処理と、皮膚処置後に二重ペプチドあるいはAquaphor(登録商標)を用いる処置の創傷治癒の利点を実証するものである。図6Aでは、創傷後1日目−4日目、7日目、および9日目までの二重ペプチド対Aquaphor(登録商標)処置について創傷外観データが提供され、創傷後9日目に意味のある差が見られた。図6Bにおいて、二重ペプチド対Aquaphor(登録商標)処置に関する痂皮と痂皮形成の差が、創傷後1日目−4日目、7日目、および9日目までについて比較される。図6C−Dは、9日目の創傷後の二重ペプチド処置(図6C)と創傷後のAquaphor(登録商標)処置(図6D)の撮影された創傷の画像を提供し、優れた創傷治癒が二重ペプチドの事前処理と事後処理とに関連することを実証している。
ヒト被験体は顔向けの審美的なレーザー治療を受けた。レーザー治療はEncore UltraPulse(登録商標)ActiveFX(商標)CO2レーザーを利用した。処置プロトコルは顔用の審美的なレーザー治療の前に21日間の二重ペプチドの事前処理を含んでいた。処置後、患者は、1日目−14日目(本明細書に記載されるような「侵襲的なキット」)と、14日目以降(本明細書に記載されるような「非侵襲的なキット」)、二重ペプチドで処置された。写真は、処置前(図7A)、レーザー処置後4日目(図7B)、およびレーザー処置後9日目(図7C)の患者の画像を実証する。レーザー処置後9日目までに(処理後)、患者の皮膚は処置から完全に回復したように見える。
繊維芽細胞単層を48時間二重ペプチドに晒した。mRNAの産生を、対照への暴露に晒された1セットの繊維芽細胞の産生と比較した。48時間後、繊維芽細胞単層を収集し、mRNAを細胞溶解産物から抽出した。二重ペプチドにさらされた繊維芽細胞は、対照の繊維芽細胞の3倍よりも大きなエラスチン(ELN)mRNAレベルを有していた。二重ペプチドは繊維芽細胞を刺激して、対照と比較して、コラーゲン(COL1A1)mRNA産生の2倍以上の増加をもたらした。図8は、繊維芽細胞単層が二重ペプチド組成物に晒された場合の研究の結果を描く。1セットの繊維芽細胞を48時間二重ペプチドに晒し、第2のセットは48時間対照処置を受けた。その後、細胞を収集し、mRNAを細胞溶解産物から抽出しれた。エラスチン(ELN)mRNAのレベルは、対照繊維芽細胞よりも二重ペプチドで処置された細胞で3倍以上高かった。コラーゲン(COL1A1)mRNA産生は、対照繊維芽細胞と同じくらいで2倍以上であった。データは、二重ペプチドがコラーゲンとエラスチンのmRNAを著しくアップレギュレートすることを実証している。
プレコンディショニングの概念は創傷治癒で実践された創傷床調整の概念と同種である。プレコンディショニングは皮膚床調整と評することもある。慢性創傷における治療薬の治癒力を最大化するために、創傷床を郭清および調整しなければならず、創傷床の内部からの、あるいはこれらの慢性的な創傷によって生成された腐食性の創傷流体からのこうした治療薬の溶解と分解を回避するために、プロテアーゼとサイトカインの濃度は確実に水平になるようにする。例えば、Widgerow AD. Chronic wound fluid−−thinking outside the box. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2011; 19(3): 287−91を参照。
エラスチン産生に対する二重ペプチド製剤の影響を調査した。被験体は、2−3週間左前腕に二重ペプチドを毎日適用し、毎日の処置の結果として生検を得た。皮膚生検サンプルは、左前腕(二重ペプチド、図13B)の処置された部分と、右前腕(対照、図13A))の未処置の部分から得られた。免疫組織化学(IHC)技術を駆使して、エラスチンタンパク質の存在は、得られた20×と100×の拡大率で写真では茶色染色として見られる。写真が示すように、エラスチンタンパク質レベルの有意な増加は、二重ペプチド製剤対対照で処置された皮膚で観察された。有意に低いレベルのエラスチンは未処置の部分で観察された。
二重ペプチドで処置された皮膚中のプロコラーゲンに対する影響を調査した。二重ペプチドを用いる処置の開始前に、顔の皮膚のベースライン生検を得た。その後、被験体は2週間、顔に二重ペプチドを毎日適用し、第2の生検を得た。図14Aは、ベースライン条件としてIHCによってプロコラーゲンの低染色を示す皮膚生検写真(100×)であり、図14Bは、2週間の二重ペプチド処置後のプロコラーゲンの有意な増加レベルを示す皮膚生検写真(100×)である。
図15A−Bは、適用後3週間(図15B)に二重ペプチドで処置された皮膚の皮膚生検サンプルとベースラインサンプル(図15A)の写真(100×)を提供する。3週間の局所適用にわたる上部皮膚のコラーゲン形成の増加が観察され、日光弾力線維症は新しいコラーゲンにより押し下げられ、表皮外観は改善した。
図16A−Cは、適用後3週間(図16B)、適用後8週間(図16C)二重ペプチドで処置された顔の皮膚の皮膚生検サンプルとベースラインサンプル(図16A)の写真(100×)を提供する。弾性的な(elastotic)光老化弾性組織中にエラスチンを有するクライアントでは、二重ペプチドの局所適用は、8週間にわたってさほど凝集せず、かつ、より深い皮層へ顕著に分布するエラスチン材料をもたらす。
図17A−Dは、40×での適用後3週間二重ペプチドで処置された皮膚の皮膚生検サンプル(図17B)、40×のベースラインサンプル(図17)、100×での適用後3週間二重ペプチドで処置された皮膚Aの皮膚生検サンプル(図17D)、100×のベースラインサンプル(図17C)の写真を提供する。減少したMMP1の染色は耳介前領域で3週間にわたって観察された。
図18A−Bは、適用後3週間二重ペプチドで処置された皮膚の皮膚生検サンプル(図18B)とベースラインサンプル(図18A)の写真(100×)を提供する。増加したデコリンの染色は耳介前領域で3週間にわたって観察された。デコリンは原線維形成に影響を及ぼすと考えられ、さらに、フィブロネクチン、トロンボスポンディン、補体成分C1q、表皮成長因子受容体(EGFR)、および形質転換増殖因子ベータ(TGFベータ)と相互に作用する。デコリンはTGFベータ1の活性を増強または阻害すると示されている。デコリンの主要な機能は細胞周期中の調節を含む。
創傷治癒と製剤16A(上で提供される組成物)の被験体満足感を加速する際の有効性を評価するために、これは、Vaniplyレジメン(Pharmaceutical Specialties, Inc.,Rochester,MN)と比較して、Qスイッチアレキサンドライトと分割CO2のレーザー表面再生を用いる、高強度パルス光(IPL)および/またはパルスダイレーザー(PDL)の後の標準治療(SOC)と比較された。加えて、処置製剤が異なる−無菌性の防腐剤を含まない調製物(Vaniply)対活性なペプチド調製物と植物(製剤16A)を含む別の調製物−と、有害事象の分析を試みた。
28日目(P=0.08)と84日目の(P=0.02)の「皮膚の見え方でもっと自信をもたせてくれた」、
28日目と(P=0.08)と84日目(P=0.03)の「この処置レジメンを使用し続けよう」、
28日目(P=0.08)と84日目(P=0.03)の「他の人にこの処置を勧めよう」。
研究は、とりわけ処置の第一週におけるVaniplyレジメン(標準治療)と比較して、Qスイッチアレキサンドライトと分割CO2のレーザー表面再生(Pharmaceutical Specialties, Inc., Rochester, MN)を用いるIPLおよび/またはPDLの後の標準治療と比較して、創傷治癒とAlastin Procedure Enhancement System(「アラスチン(Alastin)」または製剤16A)の被験体の満足感を加速する際の有効性を評価するために行なれた。その目標は、Alastin群が7日間の期間内により早く治ったか、任意の有害事象に苦しんだか、同じ期間にわたって大きな徴候的な救済を経験したか、およびクライアントがSOC群よりも早く就労するかまたは社会に加わることができたかどうかを客観的に評価することであった。要約すると、研究は、侵襲性の表面再生処置後の中断時間と患者の経験の評価であった。エンドポイントは、調査者と被験体に評価された治癒の徴候と症状、および被験体に評価された処置に伴う快適さと満足感アンケートを含んでいた。
調査者報告からの全体的な分析は、表面再生レーザー治療後の最初の7日間(およびその時間までのすべての時点)にわたる皮膚の治癒と患者の経験は、予想された治癒結果と比較して、Alastin群において優れていたということであった。Alastin群は、すべての時間区間で標準治療よりも優れた皮膚の治癒を示し、7日目までに当該群はSOC(P=0.015)と比較して、統計的に有意な高度な治癒を示した。加えて、盲検の調査者により評価された治癒評点と報告された患者の経験は、処置後のすべての時点でSOC群よりもAlastin群においてより高く、再度、7日目までに統計的に有意(P=0.02)であった。治癒の評価と経験を含む調査者アンケートの結果は、それぞれ図19Aと図19Bで提示される。
「皮膚の見え方でもっと自信をもたせてくれた」−84日目(P=0.02)(質問11)、
「この処置レジメンを使用し続けよう」−84日目(P=0.03)(質問12)、
「他の人にこの処置を勧めよう」−84日目(P=0.03)(質問13)
Claims (8)
- 皮膚の修復あるいは回復を促進するための局所用組成物であって、該局所用組成物は、
82−92wt.%のシクロペンタシロキサン、ジメチコンクロスポリマー、
1−4wt.%のウンデシレン酸ヘプチル、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1、
0.25−1wt.%のカプリリルメチコン、
0.05−0.1wt.%のホスファチジルセリン/レシチン、及び
0.05−0.1wt.%のオレウロペインを含み、
損傷を受けたか、または老化した皮膚の再生または修復を促進する、局所用組成物。 - パルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12を含む2−5wt.%の第1の担体、及び
パルミトイルトリペプチド−1を含む2−5wt.%の第2の担体を含み、
前記第1の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第1の担体中のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12の濃度は100ppmであり、前記第2の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第2の担体中のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1の濃度は100ppmである、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。 - 1−4wt.%のトリ酢酸パンテニルおよびナリンゲニン、
1−4wt.%のアルニカモンタナ抽出物、及び
0.5−2wt.%のドナリエラサリナ抽出物、
を更に含む、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。 - 局所用組成物は無水である、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。
- EDTA二ナトリウム、ナイアシンアミド、カプリリルグリコール、カプリルヒドロキサム酸、グリセリン、フェノキシエタノール、エチルヘキシルグリセリン、コカミドプロピルベタイン、プロパンジオール、リン脂質、パルミチン酸イソプロピル、レシチン、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリエトキシル化アクリル酸塩、ポリソルベート20、スクアラン、ドナリエラサリナ抽出物、植物ステロール、オレア・エウロパエア果実油、加水分解エンドウ豆タンパク質、ブチロスパーマム・パーキー(シア)バター、セラミド3、トコフェロール、ブチレングリコール、パルミチン酸イソヘキシル、および/またはパルミチン酸イソプロピルを更に含む、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。
- パルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12とパルミトイルトリペプチド−1は線維芽細胞の機能性に対して相乗効果を与える、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。
- 85.9wt.%のシクロペンタシロキサン、ジメチコンクロスポリマー、
2.5wt.%のウンデシレン酸ヘプチル、
2.0wt.%のトリ酢酸パンテニル/ナリンゲニン、
2.0wt.%のアルニカモンタナ抽出物、
1.0wt.%のドナリエラサリナ抽出物、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1、
パルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12を含む3wt.%の第1の担体、
パルミトイルトリペプチド−1を含む3wt.%の第2の担体、
0.25−1wt.%のカプリリルメチコン、
0.05−0.1wt.%のホスファチジルセリン/レシチン、及び
0.05−0.1wt.%のオレウロペインを含み、
前記第1の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第1の担体中のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12の濃度は100ppmであり、前記第2の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第2の担体中のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1の濃度は100ppmである、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。 - 85.9wt.%のシクロペンタシロキサン、ジメチコンクロスポリマー、
2.5wt.%のウンデシレン酸ヘプチル、
2.0wt.%のトリ酢酸パンテニル/ナリンゲニン、
2.0wt.%のアルニカモンタナ抽出物、
1.0wt.%のドナリエラサリナ抽出物、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12、
0.01−10wt.%のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1、
パルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12を含む3wt.%の第1の担体、
パルミトイルトリペプチド−1を含む3wt.%の第2の担体、
0.25−1wt.%のカプリリルメチコン、
0.05−0.1wt.%のホスファチジルセリン/レシチン、
0.05−0.1wt.%のオレウロペイン、ならびに
1つ以上の薬学的に許容可能な担体、希釈剤、賦形剤、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物であって、
前記第1の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第1の担体中のパルミトイルヘキサペプチド−12の濃度は100ppmであり、前記第2の担体は、テトライソステアリン酸ペンタエリスリチル、カプリル酸/カプリン酸トリグリセリド、炭酸プロピレン、及びステアラルコニウムヘクトライトを更に含み、前記第2の担体中のパルミトイルトリペプチド−1の濃度は100ppmであり、
前記局所用組成物は、10000cPsから25000cPsの粘度を持ち、−10℃から25℃の温度試験の3つのサイクルにわたって安定性を維持する能力を持つ、請求項1に記載の局所用組成物。
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US9248160B1 (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2016-02-02 | Zo Skin Health, Inc. | Post-procedure skin care systems, compositions, and methods of use thereof |
AU2017215476B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2022-12-08 | ALASTIN Skincare, Inc. | Compositions and methods for invasive and non-invasive procedural skincare |
FR3052453B1 (fr) | 2016-06-14 | 2018-05-18 | Sederma | Peptide, composition le comprenant et utilisations notamment cosmetiques |
US10493011B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2019-12-03 | ALASTIN Skincare, Inc. | Peptide compositions and methods for ameliorating skin laxity and body contour |
CN107375041A (zh) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-24 | 苏州纳康生物科技有限公司 | 一种含多肽的护肤油凝胶 |
WO2020028694A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | ALASTIN Skincare, Inc. | Liposomal compositions and methods of use |
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CA3013459A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
JP7150120B2 (ja) | 2022-10-07 |
HK1257429A1 (zh) | 2019-10-18 |
AU2017215476A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
JP2019504083A (ja) | 2019-02-14 |
EP3411012A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
US20210205405A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
US10688147B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
WO2017136600A8 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
BR112018015897A2 (pt) | 2018-12-26 |
US10086035B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
US10286030B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
CN108883048A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
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