JP6964566B2 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、パワーモジュール(耐圧(定格電圧)が600V以上)のキーコンポーネントであるIGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)またはダイオードなどのバイポーラ系パワー半導体素子を有する、半導体装置において、以下の特徴(a)−(d)を有する縦構造領域に関する。
図5から図17はIGBTの製造方法を示す断面図である。なお、これらの図面は活性セル領域R1における製造方法を示している。
図18から図26は、図3に示すRFCダイオードの製造方法を示す断面図である。
図30から図32は、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置であるIGBT、PINダイオードおよびRFCダイオードの断面図である。図30から図32は、それぞれ図4に示した活性セル領域R1内のA2−A2断面に沿った断面図であり、それぞれ図1から図3に示したIGBT、PINダイオードおよびRFCダイオードの活性セル領域R1内の構成を示している。なお、図31のE−E断面が、<発明の原理>で述べた図27から図29の深さの横軸に相当する。図30から図32に示すN−ドリフト層14は、不純物濃度が1.0×1012cm−3から5.0×1014cm−3で、FZ(Floating Zone)法で作製されたFZウエハを用い形成される。デバイスの厚みtDは、40μmから700μmである。図30に示すIGBTにおいて、Pベース層9とN層11との接合が主接合となる。また、図31に示すPINダイオードおよび図32に示すRFCダイオードにおいて、Pアノード層10とN−ドリフト層14との接合が主接合となる。また、図32に示すRFCダイオードにおいて、Pアノード層10、N−ドリフト層14、Nバッファ層15、およびN+カソード層17がPINダイオード領域31を構成し、Pアノード層10、N−ドリフト層14、Nバッファ層15、およびPカソード層18がPNPトランジスタ領域32を構成する。
実施の形態2では、図2に示したRFCダイオードにおいて、好ましい特性を示す第2バッファ層15bsの不純物プロファイルについて説明する。好ましい特性とは、オフ状態の耐圧遮断能力を上げ、高温でのリーク電流低減による低オフロスと高温動作を実現し、ターンオフ(リカバリー)動作時のsnap−off現象と、その後の発振現象を抑制し、安全動作領域の保証温度を低温側へ拡大し、リカバリー動作時の破壊耐量向上を実現することである。
実施の形態3では、第2バッファ層15bsの実効ドーズ量Dosebと、IGBTまたはRFCダイオードの性能との関係を示す。IGBTとRFCダイオードの構造は、図30および図32に示した通りである。実効ドーズ量Dosebは、例えば(10)式で定義される。
b)実効トータルドーズ量:1.0×1010cm−2≦Doseb≦1.0×1012cm−2
c)第2バッファ層15bsを構成する各サブバッファ層15b1−15bnの不純物プロファイルは、IGBTであればPコレクタ層16、PINダイオードであればN+カソード層17、RFCダイオードであればN+カソード層17またはカソード層18の方向へ裾を引く不純物プロファイルとする。
耐圧4500VクラスのPINダイオードのNバッファ層15に、実施の形態1から3で示した活性化アニール条件、種々の構造パラメータ、および条件a)−c)を適用したときのダイオード性能の結果を、図79から図81に示す。図中のバツ印は、対象デバイスが破壊したポイントを示している。また、これらの図において、スイッチング条件はVCC=3600V、JF=0.1JA、dj/dt=280A/cm2μs、dV/dt=23000V/μs、Ls=2.0μH、298Kとする。また、これらの図では、Nバッファ層15が第1バッファ層15aのみで構成されたPINダイオードの特性を、比較例として示している。
実施の形態5の半導体装置は、図4に示すパワー半導体の構成要素と実施の形態1から実施の形態4に示す特徴的なNバッファ層15との関係により、IGBTおよびダイオードのターンオフ時の遮断能力のさらなる向上を図っている。
Claims (5)
- 一方主面および他方主面を有し、第1導電型のドリフト層を主要構成部として含む半導体基体と、
前記半導体基体内において、前記ドリフト層に対し他方主面側に前記ドリフト層に隣接して形成される第1導電型のバッファ層と、
前記半導体基体の他方主面上に形成される、第1および第2導電型のうち少なくとも一つの導電型を有する活性層と、
前記半導体基体の一方主面上に形成される第1電極と、
前記活性層上に形成される第2電極と、を備え、
前記バッファ層は、
前記活性層と接合し、不純物濃度のピーク点を1つ有する第1バッファ層と、
前記第1バッファ層および前記ドリフト層と接合し、不純物濃度のピーク点を少なくとも1つ有し、前記第1バッファ層より最大不純物濃度が低い第2バッファ層とを備え、
前記第1バッファ層の前記ピーク点の不純物濃度は、前記ドリフト層の不純物濃度よりも高く、
前記第2バッファ層の不純物濃度は、前記第2バッファ層の全領域において前記ドリフト層の不純物濃度よりも高く、
前記第2バッファ層の実効トータルドーズ量は、1.0×10 10 cm −2 以上1.0×10 12 cm −2 以下であり、
耐圧が4500V以下である、
半導体装置。 - 前記第2バッファ層は、不純物濃度のピーク点をそれぞれ一つ有する複数のサブバッファ層の積層構造であり、
前記複数のサブバッファ層のうち最も他方主面側のサブバッファ層である第1サブバッファ層は前記第1バッファ層と接合し、
各前記複数のサブバッファ層の最大不純物濃度は、前記他方主面側に隣接する前記サブバッファ層の最大不純物濃度と等しいか、より大きい、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1サブバッファ層の不純物濃度のピーク点は、前記第1サブバッファ層の中央部より、前記第1サブバッファ層と前記第1バッファ層との接合部に近い位置にある、
請求項2に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第2バッファ層のキャリアライフタイムは、前記第1バッファ層のキャリアライフタイムより小さい、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、
(a)半導体基体の一方主面上に第1電極を形成する工程と、
(b)工程(a)の後、第1電極の形成面を保護する保護膜を形成する工程と、
(c)工程(b)の後、前記半導体基体の他方主面を研磨またはエッチングして前記半導体基体の厚みを制御する工程と、
(d)工程(c)の後、前記半導体基体の他方主面側から第1イオンを注入する工程と、
(e)工程(d)の後、前記半導体基体をアニールすることにより前記第1イオンを活性化させて前記第1バッファ層を形成する工程と、
(f)工程(e)の後、前記半導体基体の他方主面側から第2イオンを注入する工程と、
(g)工程(f)の後、前記半導体基体をアニールすることにより前記第2イオンを活性化させて第2バッファ層を形成する工程と、
(h)工程(g)の後、前記半導体基体の他方主面に第2電極を形成する工程と、を備え、
前記工程(g)におけるアニール温度は、370℃以上420℃以下である、
半導体装置の製造方法。
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