JP6920000B2 - 生体電極組成物、生体電極、及び生体電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
生体電極組成物、生体電極、及び生体電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6920000B2 JP6920000B2 JP2018154698A JP2018154698A JP6920000B2 JP 6920000 B2 JP6920000 B2 JP 6920000B2 JP 2018154698 A JP2018154698 A JP 2018154698A JP 2018154698 A JP2018154698 A JP 2018154698A JP 6920000 B2 JP6920000 B2 JP 6920000B2
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Description
主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂と導電性材料を含有する生体電極組成物であって、
前記導電性材料が、下記式(1)−1、(1)−2で示されるフルオロスルホン酸の塩、(1)−3で示されるスルホンイミドの塩、及び(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物である生体電極組成物を提供する。
主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂と導電性材料を含有する生体電極組成物であって、
前記導電性材料が、下記式(1)−1、(1)−2で示されるフルオロスルホン酸の塩、(1)−3で示されるスルホンイミドの塩、及び(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物である生体電極組成物である。
本発明の生体電極組成物は、導電性材料(高分子型イオン性材料)及び主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂(主鎖の炭素原子から分岐する側鎖に2つの珪素含有基をペンダントするウレタン樹脂)を含有するものである。以下、各成分について、更に詳細に説明する。
本発明の生体電極組成物に添加される導電性材料として配合される塩は、下記式(1)−1、(1)−2で示されるフルオロスルホン酸の塩、(1)−3で示されるスルホンイミドの塩、(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物である。
本発明の生体電極組成物に配合される樹脂は、上述した導電性材料や、カーボンなどの導電性向上剤を保持し、導電性を向上させるための成分であり、軟らかくて柔軟性と伸縮性があり、肌の動きに合わせて接触し、場合によっては粘着性も必要である。このような材料として、主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂を用いる。その中でもウレタンゲルベースの樹脂(ウレタンゲル組成物)が好ましく用いられる。また、水の影響を受けずに生体電極としての機能を発現するために、撥水性も必要であるため、シリコーンウレタンゲルが好ましく用いられる。
また、本発明の生体電極組成物には、有機溶剤を添加することができる。有機溶剤としては、特に限定されないが、具体的には、トルエン、キシレン、クメン、1,2,3−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,4−トリメチルベンゼン、1,3,5−トリメチルベンゼン、スチレン、αメチルスチレン、ブチルベンゼン、sec−ブチルベンゼン、イソブチルベンゼン、シメン、ジエチルベンゼン、2−エチル−p−キシレン、2−プロピルトルエン、3−プロピルトルエン、4−プロピルトルエン、1,2,3,5−テトラメチルトルエン、1,2,4,5−テトラメチルトルエン、テトラヒドロナフタレン、4−フェニル−1−ブテン、tert−アミルベンゼン、アミルベンゼン、2−tert−ブチルトルエン、3−tert−ブチルトルエン、4−tert−ブチルトルエン、5−イソプロピル−m−キシレン、3−メチルエチルベンゼン、tert−ブチル−3−エチルベンゼン、4−tert−ブチル−o−キシレン、5−tert−ブチル−m−キシレン、tert−ブチル−p−キシレン、1,2−ジイソプロピルベンゼン、1,3−ジイソプロピルベンゼン、1,4−ジイソプロピルベンゼン、ジプロピルベンゼン、3,9−ドデカジイン、ペンタメチルベンゼン、ヘキサメチルベンゼン、ヘキシルベンゼン、1,3,5−トリエチルベンゼン等の芳香族系炭化水素系溶剤、n−ヘプタン、イソヘプタン、3−メチルヘキサン、2,3−ジメチルペンタン、3−エチルペンタン、1,6−ヘプタジエン、5−メチル−1−ヘキシン、ノルボルナン、ノルボルネン、ジシクロペンタジエン、1−メチル−1,4−シクロヘキサジエン、1−ヘプチン、2−ヘプチン、シクロヘプタン、シクロヘプテン、1,3−ジメチルシクロペンタン、エチルシクロペンタン、メチルシクロヘキサン、1−メチル−1−シクロヘキセン、3−メチル−1−シクロヘキセン、メチレンシクロヘキサン、4−メチル−1−シクロヘキセン、2−メチル−1−ヘキセン、2−メチル−2−ヘキセン、1−ヘプテン、2−ヘプテン、3−ヘプテン、n−オクタン、2,2−ジメチルヘキサン、2,3−ジメチルヘキサン、2,4−ジメチルヘキサン、2,5−ジメチルヘキサン、3,3−ジメチルヘキサン、3,4−ジメチルヘキサン、3−エチル−2−メチルペンタン、3−エチル−3−メチルペンタン、2−メチルヘプタン、3−メチルヘプタン、4−メチルヘプタン、2,2,3−トリメチルペンタン、2,2,4−トリメチルペンタン、シクロオクタン、シクロオクテン、1,2−ジメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3−ジメチルシクロヘキサン、1,4−ジメチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、ビニルシクロヘキサン、イソプロピルシクロペンタン、2,2−ジメチル−3−ヘキセン、2,4−ジメチル−1−ヘキセン、2,5−ジメチル−1−ヘキセン、2,5−ジメチル−2−ヘキセン、3,3−ジメチル−1−ヘキセン、3,4−ジメチル−1−ヘキセン、4,4−ジメチル−1−ヘキセン、2−エチル−1−ヘキセン、2−メチル−1−ヘプテン、1−オクテン、2−オクテン、3−オクテン、4−オクテン、1,7−オクタジエン、1−オクチン、2−オクチン、3−オクチン、4−オクチン、n−ノナン、2,3−ジメチルヘプタン、2,4−ジメチルヘプタン、2,5−ジメチルヘプタン、3,3−ジメチルヘプタン、3,4−ジメチルヘプタン、3,5−ジメチルヘプタン、4−エチルヘプタン、2−メチルオクタン、3−メチルオクタン、4−メチルオクタン、2,2,4,4−テトラメチルペンタン、2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサン、2,2,5−トリメチルヘキサン、2,2−ジメチル−3−ヘプテン、2,3−ジメチル−3−ヘプテン、2,4−ジメチル−1−ヘプテン、2,6−ジメチル−1−ヘプテン、2,6−ジメチル−3−ヘプテン、3,5−ジメチル−3−ヘプテン、2,4,4−トリメチル−1−ヘキセン、3,5,5−トリメチル−1−ヘキセン、1−エチル−2−メチルシクロヘキサン、1−エチル−3−メチルシクロヘキサン、1−エチル−4−メチルシクロヘキサン、プロピルシクロヘキサン、イソプロピルシクロヘキサン、1,1,3−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,1,4−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,2,3−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,2,4−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、アリルシクロヘキサン、ヒドリンダン、1,8−ノナジエン、1−ノニン、2−ノニン、3−ノニン、4−ノニン、1−ノネン、2−ノネン、3−ノネン、4―ノネン、n−デカン、3,3−ジメチルオクタン、3,5−ジメチルオクタン、4,4−ジメチルオクタン、3−エチル−3−メチルヘプタン、2−メチルノナン、3−メチルノナン、4−メチルノナン、tert−ブチルシクロヘキサン、ブチルシクロヘキサン、イソブチルシクロヘキサン、4−イソプロピル−1−メチルシクロヘキサン、ペンチルシクロペンタン、1,1,3,5−テトラメチルシクロヘキサン、シクロドデカン、1−デセン、2−デセン、3−デセン、4−デセン、5−デセン、1,9−デカジエン、デカヒドロナフタレン、1−デシン、2−デシン、3−デシン、4−デシン、5−デシン、1,5,9−デカトリエン、2,6−ジメチル−2,4,6−オクタトリエン、リモネン、ミルセン、1,2,3,4,5−ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエン、α−フェランドレン、ピネン、テルピネン、テトラヒドロジシクロペンタジエン、5,6−ジヒドロジシクロペンタジエン、1,4−デカジイン、1,5−デカジイン、1,9−デカジイン、2,8−デカジイン、4,6−デカジイン、n−ウンデカン、アミルシクロヘキサン、1−ウンデセン、1,10−ウンデカジエン、1−ウンデシン、3−ウンデシン、5−ウンデシン、トリシクロ[6.2.1.02,7]ウンデカ−4−エン、n−ドデカン、2−メチルウンデカン、3−メチルウンデカン、4−メチルウンデカン、5−メチルウンデカン、2,2,4,6,6−ペンタメチルヘプタン、1,3−ジメチルアダマンタン、1−エチルアダマンタン、1,5,9−シクロドデカトリエン、1,2,4−トリビニルシクロヘキサン、イソパラフィン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、2−オクタノン、2−ノナノン、2−ヘプタノン、3−ヘプタノン、4−ヘプタノン、2−ヘキサノン、3−ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、メチルn−ペンチルケトン等のケトン系溶剤、3−メトキシブタノール、3−メチル−3−メトキシブタノール、1−メトキシ−2−プロパノール、1−エトキシ−2−プロパノール等のアルコール系溶剤、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソペンチルエーテル、ジ−n−ペンチルエーテル、メチルシクロペンチルエーテル、メチルシクロヘキシルエーテル、ジ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジ−secブチルエーテル、ジ−sec−ペンチルエーテル、ジ−tert−アミルエーテル、ジ−n−ヘキシルエーテル、アニソール等のエーテル系溶剤、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、乳酸エチル、ピルビン酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、3−メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3−エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、酢酸tert−ブチル、プロピオン酸tert−ブチル、プロピレングリコールモノtert−ブチルエーテルアセテート等のエステル系溶剤、γ−ブチロラクトン等のラクトン系溶剤などを挙げることができる。
本発明の生体電極組成物には、導電性を更に高めるために、導電性向上剤として、カーボン材料を添加することができる。カーボン材料としては、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ等を挙げることができ、これらのいずれか又は両方であることが好ましい。カーボンナノチューブは単層、多層のいずれであってもよく、表面が有機基で修飾されていても構わない。カーボン材料の添加量は、樹脂100質量部に対して1〜50質量部の範囲とすることが好ましい。
また、本発明の生体電極組成物には、カーボン材料以外の導電性向上剤を添加することもできる。具体的には、樹脂を金、銀、白金等の貴金属でコートした粒子や金、銀、白金等のナノ粒子、インジウムスズの酸化物(ITO)、インジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)、スズ酸化物、亜鉛酸化物等の金属酸化物の粒子、銀ナノワイヤーなどを挙げることができる。
また、本発明では、導電性基材と該導電性基材上に形成された生体接触層とを有する生体電極であって、前記生体接触層が、上述の本発明の生体電極組成物の硬化物である生体電極を提供する。
本発明の生体電極は、導電性基材を有するものである。この導電性基材は、通常、センサーデバイス等と電気的に接続されており、生体から生体接触層を介して取り出した電気信号をセンサーデバイス等まで伝導させる。
本発明の生体電極は、導電性基材上に形成された生体接触層を有するものである。この生体接触層は、生体電極を使用する際に、実際に生体と接触する部分であり、導電性と撥水性を有するウレタン樹脂である。生体接触層は、上述の本発明の生体電極組成物の硬化物であり、即ち、上述の樹脂及び導電性材料(塩)、更には必要に応じてカーボン材料等の添加剤を含有する主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂層である。
また、本発明では、導電性基材と該導電性基材上に形成された生体接触層とを有する生体電極の製造方法であって、前記導電性基材上に、上述の本発明の生体電極組成物を塗布し、硬化させることで前記生体接触層を形成する生体電極の製造方法を提供する。
カーボンブラック:デンカ社製 デンカブラックHS−100
多層カーボンナノチューブ:Sigma−Aldrich社製 直径0.7〜1.1nm、長さ300〜2,300nmのもの
金コート粒子:積水化学社製 ミクロパールAU(直径3μm)
銀コート粒子:三菱マテリアル社製 銀コート粉(直径30μm)
表1に記載の組成で、イオン性ポリマー、ヒドロキシ化合物、及び添加剤(導電性向上剤)を混合、脱気し、最後にイソシアネート化合物を混合し、生体電極溶液(生体電極溶液1〜15、比較生体電極溶液1〜3)を調製した。
直径3cm、厚さ0.2mmのアルミニウム製の円板の上にアプリケーターを用いて生体電極溶液を塗布し、オーブンを用いて窒素雰囲気下100℃で60分間ベークして硬化させて、1つの生体電極溶液につき生体電極を4枚作製した。このようにして得られた生体電極は、図3(a)、(b)に示されるように、一方の面には生体接触層3を有し、他方の面には導電性基材としてアルミニウム製の円板8を有するものであった。次に、図3(b)に示されるように、生体接触層で覆われていない側のアルミニウム製の円板8の表面に銅配線9を粘着テープで貼り付けて引き出し電極とし、これをインピーダンス測定装置に接続した。図4に示されるように、人の腕の肌と生体接触層側が接触するように生体電極1’を2枚貼り付けて、その間隔を15cmとした。ソーラトロン社製の交流インピーダンス測定装置SI1260を用い、周波数を変えながら初期インピーダンスを測定した。次に、残りの2枚の生体電極を純水中に1時間浸漬し、浸漬直後に上記と同様の方法で肌上のインピーダンスを測定した。周波数1,000Hzにおけるインピーダンスを表2に示す。
上記の導電性評価試験で作製した生体電極において、生体接触層の厚さをマイクロメーターを用いて測定した。接触角計を用いて生体接触層表面の水との接触角を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
4…導電性材料、 5…カーボン材料、 6…ウレタン樹脂、 7…生体、
8…アルミニウム製の円板、 9…銅配線。
Claims (13)
- 主鎖にウレタン結合及び主鎖の炭素原子の1つから分岐する2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂と導電性材料を含有する生体電極組成物であって、
前記導電性材料が、下記式(1)−1、(1)−2で示されるフルオロスルホン酸の塩、(1)−3で示されるスルホンイミドの塩、及び(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物であることを特徴とする生体電極組成物。
- 前記式(1)−1、(1)−2で示されるフルオロスルホン酸の塩、(1)−3で示されるスルホンイミドの塩、及び(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位が、下記式(2)で示される繰り返し単位a1〜a7から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記導電性材料が、前記式(1)−4で示されるスルホンアミドの塩の繰り返し単位を有する高分子化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂が、下記式(3)で示される構造を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂が、下記式(4)で示されるポリエーテル主鎖を有している構造を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記主鎖にウレタン結合及び2つの側鎖の両方に珪素含有基を有する樹脂が、下記式(5)で示されるジオール化合物と、末端がヒドロキシ基のポリエーテル化合物と、イソシアネート基を有する化合物との反応物であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記生体電極組成物が、更に有機溶剤を含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記生体電極組成物が、更にカーボン材料を含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 前記カーボン材料が、カーボンブラック及びカーボンナノチューブのいずれか又は両方であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の生体電極組成物。
- 導電性基材と該導電性基材上に形成された生体接触層とを有する生体電極であって、前記生体接触層が、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物の硬化物であることを特徴とする生体電極。
- 前記導電性基材が、金、銀、塩化銀、白金、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、スズ、タングステン、鉄、銅、ニッケル、ステンレス、クロム、チタン、及び炭素から選ばれる1種以上を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の生体電極。
- 導電性基材と該導電性基材上に形成された生体接触層とを有する生体電極の製造方法であって、前記導電性基材上に、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極組成物を塗布し、硬化させることで前記生体接触層を形成することを特徴とする生体電極の製造方法。
- 前記導電性基材として、金、銀、塩化銀、白金、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、スズ、タングステン、鉄、銅、ニッケル、ステンレス、クロム、チタン、及び炭素から選ばれる1種以上を含むものを用いることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の生体電極の製造方法。
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