JP6636436B2 - アプタマー構築体 - Google Patents
アプタマー構築体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6636436B2 JP6636436B2 JP2016550266A JP2016550266A JP6636436B2 JP 6636436 B2 JP6636436 B2 JP 6636436B2 JP 2016550266 A JP2016550266 A JP 2016550266A JP 2016550266 A JP2016550266 A JP 2016550266A JP 6636436 B2 JP6636436 B2 JP 6636436B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aptamer
- cells
- dox
- cancer
- aptamers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N mithramycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1C[C@@H](O[C@H](C)[C@H]1O)OC=1C=C2C=C3C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C(O)C=1C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@](C)(O)C3)C2)C1)[C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- WDVSHHCDHLJJJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proflavine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N)=CC=C3C=C21 WDVSHHCDHLJJJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N actinomycin D Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)C1=C(N)C(=O)C(C)=C2OC(C(C)=CC=C3C(=O)N[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)=O)C(C)C)=C3N=C21 RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- UPBAOYRENQEPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[5-[[5-[(3-amino-3-iminopropyl)carbamoyl]-1-methylpyrrol-3-yl]carbamoyl]-1-methylpyrrol-3-yl]-4-formamido-1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CN1C=C(NC=O)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CN(C)C(C(=O)NC2=CN(C)C(C(=O)NCCC(N)=N)=C2)=C1 UPBAOYRENQEPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD55612 Natural products N1C(O)C2CC(C=CC(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N anthramycin Chemical compound N1[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2CC(\C=C\C(N)=O)=CN2C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C(O)=C12 VGQOVCHZGQWAOI-HYUHUPJXSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 4'-epidoxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XJGFWWJLMVZSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-aminoacridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=NC2=C1 XJGFWWJLMVZSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epirubicin Natural products COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4CC(O)(CC(OC5CC(N)C(=O)C(C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Description
本明細書中で引用又は参照される全ての文献は、本明細書中で言及されるあらゆる製品のあらゆる製造者の説明書、記載、製品仕様書、及び製品シート、又は本明細書中に参照によって組み込まれるあらゆる文献と共に、それらの全体が参照によって本明細書中に組み込まれる。
用語「及び/又は」、例えば、「X及び/又はY」は、「X及びY」又は「X又はY」のいずれかを意味すると理解されるものとし、双方の意味又はいずれか一方の意味への明確な支持を与えるととられるものとする。
アプタマーは、いくつかの固有の性質により、幅広い分子生物学用途に用いられる、潜在的医薬剤としての魅力的なツールとなる。第一に、殆どのアプタマーは、高い親和性で標的に結合し、ピコモルからナノモルの範囲の典型的な解離定数が実証される。アプタマーの結合部位は、標的分子の裂け目(cleft)及び溝(groove)を含み、拮抗活性が、現在入手可能な多くの医薬剤と非常に類似する。第二に、アプタマーは、広範囲の温度及び保存条件の全体にわたって構造的に安定し、その固有の三次構造を形成する能力が維持される。第三に、アプタマーは、モノクローナル抗体を産生するのに必要とされる高価で作業集約的な生物系と対照的に、化学的に合成され得る。
本開示のアプタマーを調製する種々の方法が、当業者によく知られているであろう。Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment、「SELEX(商標)」は、例えば米国特許第5,475,096号及び米国特許第5,270,163号、並びに国際出願PCT/US91/04078号(それぞれ、参照によって本明細書中に具体的に組み込まれる)に記載される、所望されるあらゆる標的用の核酸リガンドを製造する方法である。
結合親和性は、分子の互いとの結合又は親和性の強度の尺度を記載する。標的及び他の分子に関する本明細書中のアプタマーの結合親和性は、Kdの観点から定義される。解離定数は、当該技術において知られている方法によって決定され得、例えば、Caceci, M.ら、Byte (1984) 9:340-362に記載されるような方法によって、複雑な混合物であっても算出され得る。解離定数を測定する例が、例えば、表面プラスモン共鳴分析を記載する米国特許第7602495号、並びに米国特許第6562627号及び米国特許出願公開第2012/00445849号に記載されている。別の例において、Kdは、例えばWong及びLohman、(1993). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90、5428-5432によって開示される二重フィルターニトロセルロースフィルター結合アッセイを用いて確立される。アプタマーの結合親和性を決定する方法はまた、例えば、Stoltenburg Rら(2005) Anal Bioanal Chem 383:83-91、Tran DTら(2010) Molecules 15、1127-1140、及びCho Mら(2013) PNAS 110(46): 18460-18465に記載されている。
ホスホジエステルの形態のオリゴヌクレオチドが、所望の効果が顕在化する前に、エンドヌクレアーゼ及びエキソヌクレアーゼ等の細胞内酵素及び細胞外酵素によって体液中で急速に分解する虞があるという点で、治療薬としての核酸の使用における1つの潜在的問題に直面した。本開示はまた、ヌクレアーゼ消化からの保護等の、アプタマーの1つ又は複数の特性を向上させるように設計された、本明細書中に記載される類似体、及び/又はさらなる修飾を含む。
本開示のアプタマー分子は、標的分子(例えば、癌幹細胞を有するCD133)を分離且つ精製するための親和性リガンドとして、標的分子(例えば、癌幹細胞を有するCD133)を追跡、モニター、検出、且つ定量化するための、又は、治療効果を達成するために、生理的に関連する反応を阻害、許容、活性化、若しくは触媒するためのプローブとして、用いられ得る。これらは、医薬剤として作用し、特定の標的に結合し、且つ特定の分子を所望される部位へと導くことができる。
AC133として当初知られていたCD133は、糖タンパク質(Prominin 1としても知られている)である。これは、細胞突起に特異的に局在するペンタスパン膜貫通糖タンパク質のメンバーである。CD133は、造血幹細胞、内皮前駆細胞、神経膠芽腫、ニューロン幹細胞及びグリア幹細胞、カリエス小児脳腫瘍(carious pediatric brain tumor)、並びに成体の腎臓、乳腺、気管、唾液腺、胎盤、消化管、精巣、及び他の細胞型において発現される。
幹細胞の分化による成体細胞再生の最もよく知られている例は、造血系である。造血幹細胞及び前駆細胞等の発生的に未熟な前駆体は、分子シグナルに応答して、変化に富む血液細胞型及びリンパ球様細胞型を徐々に形成する。幹細胞は、上皮組織及び間葉組織を含めた、他の組織においても見出される。癌幹細胞は、例えば、正常な幹細胞における遺伝的障害の結果として、又は、幹細胞及び/若しくは分化細胞の調節異常増殖によって、これらのいずれの細胞型からも生じ得る。
本開示のアプタマーは、対象から得られた生体試料由来の癌幹細胞を濃縮するのに用いられてよい。典型的に、対象は、腫瘍を有する、又は癌幹細胞を含有する腫瘍を有することが疑われる対象である。用語「濃縮された」若しくは「濃縮」又はその変形は、本明細書中で、細胞(例えば試料中の細胞)の未処置集団と比較した場合に、ある特定の細胞型(すなわち、癌幹細胞)の割合が増大している細胞集団を記載するために用いられる。
本開示のアプタマーは、診断目的及び/又は検出目的でin vitroにおいて用いて、悪性組織における癌幹細胞の存在を判定することができる。本方法は、CD133+癌幹細胞の存在について生体試料を調査することを含む。例えば、生体試料は、本開示の標識付きアプタマー、又は本開示のアプタマー-Doxと接触してよく、試料中で細胞に特異的に結合するアプタマーの能力が判定される。結合は、CD133を有する癌幹細胞の存在を示す。本開示のアプタマーはまた、対象に、検出可能なシグナルを与えるリポーター基で標識化されている本開示のアプタマーを投与することによって、腫瘍をin vivoで局在化させるのに用いられてもよい。代わりに、又は加えて、ドキソルビシンが(特に遠赤外波長にて)固有の蛍光活性を有するので、この特徴が診断に利用されてよい。その後、結合アプタマーは、フローサイトメトリ、顕微鏡検査、外部シンチグラフィ、放射断層撮影、光学イメージング、又は放射性核(radionuclear)走査を用いて検出されてよい。本方法は、疾患の程度に関して対象において癌を病期分類するのに、そして治療に応じた変化をモニターするのに用いられてよい。
本開示のアプタマーは、部分構造と結合させることができ、当該部分構造をCD133+細胞、好ましくは癌幹細胞へと導くのに用いられてよい。部分構造の例として、癌幹細胞を殺すのに用いられ得る毒素、放射性核種、又は化学療法剤が挙げられる。
本開示は更に、本明細書中に記載されるように、アプタマー、診断剤、又はセラノスティック剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。本開示の医薬組成物として、アプタマーの医薬的に有効な量を医薬的に許容可能なキャリア及び/又は賦形剤中に含む、保存又は投与のために調製された組成物が挙げられる。組成物の賦形剤又は他の要素の選択は、投与のために用いられる経路及び装置に従って適合され得る。
本開示のアプタマー分子は、本明細書中に開示される任意の方法に従って、単独で、又は、1つ若しくは複数のさらなるアプタマーと組み合わせて用いられてよい。一例において、本開示のアプタマー分子は、癌幹細胞の検出、精製又は濃縮を促進するアプタマーと組み合わされてよい。一例において、さらなるアプタマーは、Shigdar Sら(2011). Cancer Sci 102(5): 991-998に記載される配列EpDT3 5' -GCGACUGGUUACCCGGUCG-3'を含む。別の例において、さらなるアプタマーは、異なる標的、例えばEpCAMに結合する。
本開示はまた、本明細書中に開示される方法を実行するための診断キットを提供する。一例において、診断キットは、CD133発現細胞(例えば、癌幹細胞)を検出するための、本明細書中に記載されるアプタマー又は診断剤を含む。
細胞株及び細胞培養
アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC、米国、VA、Manassas)から購入したHT-29(ヒト結腸直腸癌細胞)及びHEK293T(ヒト胎児腎臓細胞)を、ダルベッコ修飾イーグル培地(DMEM、Invitrogen社、豪州、Victoria)中で維持し、10%胎仔ウシ血清(FCS、米国、Hyclone社)を補った。細胞を、5%CO2の水飽和大気中で37℃にてインキュベートした。
出発CD133アプタマーの生成は、Shigdar Sら(2013) Cancer Letters 330:84-95に記載されているように行った。アプタマーのステム領域配列を、図1に示すDNAステムに置き換えた。
CD133アプタマーの二次元構造を、VIENNAソフトウェア(http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at/)を用いて予測した。この構造は、アプタマー-薬剤コンジュゲートの特徴付けについて、より正確且つ効率的な調製を導いた。化学療法剤ドキソルビシン(DOX)(SIGMA-ALDRICH社)とのコンジュゲーションのために設計したCD133アプタマーを、IBA社(独国)から合成し、-80℃にて保存した。コンジュゲーションの前に、アプタマーを85℃での5分間の加熱によって折り畳み、10分間にわたってゆっくり室温に冷却してから、37℃にて15分間インキュベートした。その後、DOXを、50mM NaCl及び2.5mM MgCl2を含有するコンジュゲーション緩衝液中でアプタマーとよく混合し、オービタルミキサー/インキュベータ(RATEK社)中で75r.p.m.にて2時間37℃にてインキュベートした。その後、コンジュゲートを、Sephadex(登録商標)G-50カラム(SIGMA-ALDRICH社)に通し、アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートを、遊離DOXから分離した。アプタマー-DOXコンジュゲートはしたがって、アプタマーのステム領域のDNA配列中にインターカレートされている1つ又は複数のDOX分子を含有する。
DOXの本来の蛍光、及びCD133アプタマーとのインターカレーション後の続く消光を、紫外線分光法(UV-Spec)によって、DOXコンジュゲーション及び安定性の程度の測定に利用した。コンジュゲーションプロセスは、様々なアプタマー-Doxモル比(0、0.01、0.04、0.08、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、及び0.6)を用いて研究し、遊離DOXの標準曲線に基づいて、UV-Spec又は蛍光プレートリーダを用いて分析した。
様々なアプタマー/DOXモル比でのDOXロード効率を、コンジュゲート中のDOXをアセトニトリルで抽出してから、HPLCを用いてDOXを定量化することによって決定した。簡潔に、Sephadex G-50カラムから溶出した30マイクロリットルのアプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートを、90μlのアセトニトリルで希釈して、1分間ボルテックスした。その後、この溶液を、21000×gにて5分間遠心分離し、上澄みの50μlを150μL PBS中に希釈してよく混合してから、21000×gにて5分間の別の遠心分離にかけた。100マイクロリットルの上澄みを回収し、逆相クロマトグラフィーにかけ、HPLCを用いたC-18カラムによって、DOX濃度を決定した。DOXは、HPLCにおいて、オンラインUV検出器を用いて定量化した。較正標準曲線を、標準DOX溶液により同じ条件下で作成した。薬剤ロード効率(DLE)を以下の式によって算出した:
アプタマー-DOXコンジュゲートからのDOXのin vitro放出を、Slide-A-Lyzer Dialysis Cassette(分子量カットオフ3.5kDa、Thermo SCIENTIFIC社、カタログ番号: 66333)による透析法を用いて決定した。アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲート(400μL、1μg/ml DOX)をカセット中に加えた。透析カセットを、PBS、及び10% FCSを有するPBSに対して、pH 8、7.4又は5.0にて37℃で、暗所において穏やかに撹拌しながら透析した。種々の時点(10分、0.5時間、1時間、4時間、8時間、24時間及び48時間)にて、媒体の30マイクロリットルアリコートを、放出動態の分析用に外部緩衝液から回収し、30μLの新鮮な媒体に置き換えた。DOX濃度は、DOX濃度対その蛍光強度の標準曲線に従って、蛍光強度をDOXの質量に変換することによって、蛍光プレートリーダ(PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences社)を用いて決定した。アプタマー-DoxからのDOXの累積的放出を、放出されたDOXのパーセンテージとして表し、時間の関数としてプロットした。
非特異的結合を最小にするために、1×105HT29又はHEK293T細胞を最初に、ブロッキング緩衝液(10% FCS、1% BSA、及び1% tRNAを有するPBS)と20分間インキュベートした。その後、細胞を洗浄緩衝液(5% FBS及び2.5mM MgCl2を含有するPBS)で2回洗浄し、CD133アプタマー、ネガティブコントロールアプタマー、CD133アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲート、又はネガティブコントロールアプタマー-Doxコンジュゲート[全て、コンジュゲーション緩衝液(50mM NaCl及び2.5mM MgCl2)中でCy5により標識化した]と氷上で1時間インキュベートした。
共焦点顕微鏡検査に備えて24時間、HT29及びHEK293Tの双方について、8チャンバスライド内のウェルあたり8×105細胞を播種した。細胞を、ブロッキング緩衝液(10% FCS、1mg/mL BSA、0.1mg/mL tRNAを有するPBS)で20分間インキュベートした後に、洗浄緩衝液(5% FBS、2.5mM MgCl2、及び5mM NaClを含有するPBS)で2回洗浄してから、コンジュゲーション緩衝液中200nMアプタマー、ネガティブコントロールアプタマー、アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲート、又はネガティブコントロールアプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートと37℃にて30分間インキュベートした。インキュベーションの最終15分の間に、Bisbenzimide Hoechst 33342(3mg/ml)(Sigma社)を細胞に加えた。アプタマー溶液を除去し、細胞をそれぞれPBS中で5分間3回洗浄してから、FluoView FV10iレーザースキャン共焦点顕微鏡(Olympus社)を用いて視覚化した。
細胞をトリプシン消化により80%コンフルエンスにて収穫し、遠心分離(1000×g 5分間)の後、DMEM/F12無血清培地中に単一細胞として再懸濁させた。細胞を、96ウェルのウルトラローアタッチメントプレート中に、ウェルあたり5、10、50、100、500、及び1000細胞、又は腫瘍塊形成のためには、6ウェルのウルトラローアタッチメントプレート中に4000細胞/ウェルの密度でプレーティングした。3つの実験群を用いた:腫瘍塊培地コントロール、遊離DOX処置(1、1.5、及び2μΜ)、及びアプタマー-Dox処置(遊離DOXの同濃度に等しい1、1.5、及び2μΜ)。37℃にて24時間のインキュベーションの後、上澄みを取り出し、等容量の新鮮なCSC培地に置き換えた。腫瘍塊は、直径が50μmを超え、境界が明瞭な細胞凝集体と定義した。腫瘍塊の形成頻度及びサイズは、播種の3日後に記録した。CSCの頻度は、ELDAウェブサイト(http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/software/elda/index.html.)を用いて算出した。6ウェルインキュベーションにおける腫瘍塊形成頻度は、式F=生じた腫瘍塊の数/プレーティングした単一細胞の数(Fは、腫瘍塊形成頻度である)に従って算出した。
データ及び結果は、特に明記しない限り、平均及び標準偏差(平均±S.D.)として報告した。異なる群間の平均値の差異は、SPSS 13.0プログラムを用いた一元配置分散分析法(ANOVA)を用いて分析した。0.05未満のP値を、統計的に有意であるものとみなした。
CD133アプタマーとのDOXのコンジュゲーション
現在の癌治療薬の主な問題は、癌幹細胞(CSC)を標的とできないことである。新規のCSC標的剤を開発するために、それ自体でCSCを標的とすることができない、一般的に使用されている化学療法薬DOXを、CD133細胞表面マーカーに対するアプタマーにコンジュゲートした。アプタマーの結合親和性及び特異性、並びに薬剤の細胞毒性を評価することによって、機能性を維持するコンジュゲートされたアプタマーの能力を試験した。
DOX-アプタマーコンジュゲートのin vitro安定性
薬剤放出の制御及び維持は、薬剤送達系にとって重要である。本発明者は以前に、アプタマーがエンドサイトーシスを介して、おそらく、pHが6.0から5.09であるエンドソーム及びリソソームコンパートメント中に内在化されることを示した[Shigdar Sら(2011) Cancer science 102:991-998]。したがって、あるpH範囲でのアプタマー-DoxコンジュゲートからのDOXのin vitro放出プロフィールを、PBS及び胎仔ウシ血清(FCS)を有するPBS中で調査した。図4及び図5に示すように、アプタマー-Doxからのin vitroにおけるDOX放出はpHに依存し、若干の初期バースト放出を伴う、安定に継続する放出パターンを示した。pH 7.4(循環系において見出される生理的pH)にて、インターカレートしたDOXの、アプタマーからの最小放出が、PBS中で48時間後に検出された。同様に、アプタマー-DoxからのDOX放出は、pH 8.0ではかなり低かった。しかしながら、pH 5.0では、DOXの放出は、PBS中で劇的に増大した。循環における条件を模倣するために、DOX放出を、FCSを補ったPBS中で測定し(図5)、様々なpHに対するDOX放出に関して、図4と一致することがわかった。このようなpH依存放出挙動は望ましい。というのも、DOXが、in vivo全身循環の中性環境においてアプタマーとコンジュゲートしたままであるはずであり、そして腫瘍細胞中への内在化の後に、後期エンドソーム/リソソームの酸性環境において放出されるはずであるからである。
アプタマーコンジュゲートの平衡解離定数の決定
DOXの結合がCD133に対するアプタマーの結合親和性及び特異性を妨げるかを判定するために、蛍光標識化Cy5アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートを、HT29結腸直腸癌細胞とインキュベートして、フローサイトメトリ分析によって平衡解離定数(KD)を決定した(図6)。解離定数の研究に用いたCD133アプタマーを図7に示す。
アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートの細胞内在化
細胞中に受動的に拡散する遊離の薬剤を流出させる、細胞膜上に存在するABC輸送体の発現の上昇は、CSCにおいて化学療法抵抗性の基礎をなす重要な機構の1つである。そのような防御力を克服する一方法が、エンドサイトーシスを介して細胞毒性薬剤を送達することによって、細胞膜ベースの薬剤流出ポンプを迂回することである。細胞内に薬剤を効率的に送達するCD133アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートの能力を評価するために、コンジュゲートの内在化を、共焦点顕微鏡検査によって定性的に分析した(図8)。内在化の評価のために用いたアプタマー及びDOX処置を図9に示す。
in vitro自己再生細胞を除去する際のアプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートの能力の確立
表現型発現ではなく、機能的能力が、CSCを分析するのに重要である。これは、CSCの特性が、癌型、腫瘍増殖のステージ、及び集団内の異質性に応じて変化し得る一方、細胞の完全な後代を自己再生し、且つ生じさせる能力は保持されるためである[Kreso A及びO'Brien CA, Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology (John Wiley and Sons社、2007)]。自己再生(CSCの重要な性質)を促進する条件下で細胞をコンディショニングし、且つ最終分化細胞を除去することによって、腫瘍塊のin vitro形成は、自己再生能力の良好な指標となる(上記Kresoら)。先の研究は、DOXがCSCを殺すのに効果的でないことを確認した(Zeppernick Fら(2008) Clin Cancer Res 14:123-129、Zhuang Xら(2012) BMC Cancer 12:1-16)。CD133アプタマーコンジュゲートがCSCに対するDOXの細胞毒性能力を向上させることができたかを評価するために、腫瘍塊形成アッセイを、先に記載するように実行した。従来の薬剤DOXと新たに開発したアプタマー-Doxコンジュゲート間のCSC標的化の差異を分析するために、公開されているIC50値に基づくDOXの濃度を用いた[Poljakova Jら(2008) Interdisciplinary toxicology 1:186-189; Shen Fら(2008) The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 324:95-102; Oudard Sら(1991) Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 28:259-265]。この目的で、種々の濃度のHT29細胞を、ウルトラローアタッチメントプレート内に播種した。96ウェルのウルトラローアタッチメントプレートでは、細胞を、500/ウェル、200/ウェル、100/ウェル、50/ウェル、10/ウェル、及び5/ウェルの連続希釈密度で播種した。6ウェルのウルトラローアタッチメントプレートでは、細胞を2000/ウェル又は4000/ウェルの密度で播種した。細胞を、1、1.5若しくは2μMの遊離DOX、又は等しい濃度のアプタマー-Doxとインキュベートした。3日後、腫瘍塊のサイズ(図10)及び腫瘍塊を形成したウェルの数(図11)を評価した。より高い細胞播種量では塊形成の明らかな阻害はなかったが(図11)、アプタマー-Doxで処置した細胞とコントロール及び遊離DOXで処置した細胞との間に腫瘍塊サイズの有意な低下があった(図10)。
配列番号2は、DOXをコンジュゲートすることができるCD133アプタマーの配列である。
配列番号3は、CD133アプタマーのループ領域のコアヌクレオチド配列である。
配列番号4は、ある長さの交互のCGヌクレオチドによって5'及び3'がフランキングされるハイブリッドRNA/DNA CD133アプタマーの配列であり、3'逆向きdTを含有する。
配列番号5は、ハイブリッドRNA/DNA CD133アプタマーの配列である。
Claims (20)
- CD133に特異的に結合し、配列5'-X-ACGUAUACUAU-Y-3'(配列番号1)を含むアプタマーであって、X及びYの配列が、塩基対形成することができるように相補的であり、X及びYが個々に、インターカレーションにより少なくとも1つの部分構造の付加を可能とするのに十分な少なくとも4つの交互のCGヌクレオチドを含み、前記交互のCGヌクレオチドが対を形成する際に前記アプタマーのステム領域を含む、アプタマー。
- X及びYが4から15の間の交互のCGヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1に記載のアプタマー。
- 配列5'-CGCGCGCCGCACGUAUACUAUGCGGCGCGCG-3'(配列番号2)を含む、又は配列番号2の配列からなる、請求項1又は2に記載のアプタマー。
- 前記部分構造が、DNA染色、又は化学療法処置に用いられる分子である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 前記分子が、ドキソルビシン、アドリアマイシン、ベルベリン、プロフラビン、ミトキサントロン、ダウノルビシン、サリドマイド、ダクチノマイシン、ダウノマイシン、アクチノマイシンD、9-アミノアクリジン、アムルビシン、アムサクリン、アントラマイシン、ベルビン、ブレオマイシン、エリプチシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、メタピリロ、ミトラマイシン、マイトマイシン、マイトマイシンC、ミトキサントロン、ミトキサントロン、ピラルビシン、ピキサントロン、プリカマイシン、プロフラビン、プロディジオシン、サリドマイド、ボレロキシン、バルルビシン、ゾルビシン、クロルフェニラミン、プロディシオシン、メタピリリノ、マイトマイシン、ジスタマイシン、ダンチノマイシン、ジスタマイシン、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン及び他のプラチナ誘導体、Hoechst 33258、ベレニル、DAPI、又は臭化エチジウムからなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載のアプタマー。
- 化学療法処置において使用される前記分子が、アプタマーのステム領域にインターカレートされる際に、CD133に対して約24nM以下の平衡解離定数(K D )を示す、請求項4又は5に記載のアプタマー。
- アプタマー安定性を高める1つ又は複数の修飾を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 配列5'-ACGUAUACUAU-3'(配列番号3)である、ループ領域におけるピリミジンヌクレオチド塩基(C及び/又はU)が、2'-フルオロ(2'-F)修飾されている、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 3'末端を、リン酸基、リン酸エステル、又は逆向きdT(invdT-3')と結合させた、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 配列5'-X-A(2'fC)G(2'-fU)A(2'fU)A(2'fC)(2'fU)A(2'fU)-Y-(inv dT)-3'(配列番号4)を含み、Cが5-メチルdCであり、f=2'-フルオロであり、inv dT=逆向きdTである、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 配列5'-mCGmCGmCGmCmCGmCA(2'fC)G(2'-fU)A(2'fU)A(2'fC)(2'fU)A(2'fU)GmCGGmCGmCGmCG-(inv dT)-3'(配列番号5)を含み、C=5-メチルdCであり、f=2'-フルオロであり、inv dT=逆向きdTである、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- in vitroでCD133+細胞に特異的に結合する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 前記CD133+細胞が癌幹細胞である、請求項12に記載のアプタマー。
- 前記細胞が、対象から得られた生体試料中に存在する、請求項12又は13のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーを含む診断剤又はセラノスティック剤。
- Doxがアプタマーのステム領域にインターカレートしている、アプタマー-Doxコンジュゲートである、請求項15に記載のセラノスティック剤。
- 癌を有する、又は癌を有することが疑われる対象から得られた生体試料中のCD133発現細胞及び/又は癌幹細胞を同定するin vitro方法であって、前記細胞を、検出可能な標識と結合させた請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーと接触させる工程を含む方法。
- 免疫グロブリン若しくはそのフラグメント、治療剤、薬剤若しくは生理活性剤、毒素、又は放射性核種、siRNA、DNAザイム、又はリボザイムからなる群から選択される活性がある部分構造と更に結合させた、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- それを必要とする対象における癌の処置において使用するための、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーを含む組成物又は請求項15若しくは16に記載のセラノスティック剤。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー又は請求項15若しくは16に記載のセラノスティック剤の治療的に有効な量を、医薬的に許容可能なキャリア及び/又は賦形剤と共に含む組成物。
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US20150233932A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2015-08-20 | Ching-Ping Tseng | Methods, Systems, and Compositions for Enrichment of Rare Cells |
US11008575B2 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2021-05-18 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | DNA aptamers against cancer and uses thereof in delivery of therapy and diagnosis of cancer |
US11845938B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2023-12-19 | City Of Hope | Aptamer compositions and the use thereof |
CN105925687A (zh) * | 2016-05-15 | 2016-09-07 | 陈博 | 一种用于儿科的肺吸虫病诊断的试剂盒及其诊断方法 |
EP3332812A1 (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-13 | Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn | Nucleic acid-based assembly and use of the assembly in cancer therapy |
CA3062250A1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Augmanity Nano Ltd | Treatment of rapidly evolving biological entities |
CN108866061A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-23 | 中山大学附属第五医院 | 一种识别肝癌细胞的核酸适配体及其筛选方法与用途 |
WO2020065404A2 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Augmanity Nano Ltd | Methods and compositions for selection of functional aptamers |
CN109536503B (zh) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-03-02 | 浙江省肿瘤医院 | 一种靶向结合cd133蛋白的核酸适配体及其筛选方法和用途 |
CN109439665B (zh) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江省肿瘤医院 | 一种靶向结合cd133蛋白的核酸适配体药物偶联物及其用途 |
CN109536505B (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-11-09 | 暨南大学 | 鬼臼毒素的核酸适配体及其应用 |
KR102154683B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-09-11 | 주식회사 압타머사이언스 | 글리피칸-3 특이적 변형 압타머 및 이의 용도 |
CN110885828B (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2024-04-05 | 方斌 | 一种白喉毒素的核酸适配体dt01及其应用 |
CN110904112B (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2024-04-02 | 福州市长乐区宝爱冬医学技术有限公司 | 一种白喉毒素的核酸适配体dt03及其应用 |
CN111505287B (zh) * | 2020-05-07 | 2023-04-07 | 军事科学院军事医学研究院军事兽医研究所 | 以乙醛脱氢酶作为信号转导系统检测食源性病原菌的生物传感器及其制备方法和应用 |
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CA2938776A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
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AU2015213483A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
AR099303A1 (es) | 2016-07-13 |
US20160355820A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
CN106164293A (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
EP3102708B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
ES2851924T3 (es) | 2021-09-09 |
SG11201606379UA (en) | 2016-09-29 |
EP3102708A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
WO2015117201A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
AU2015213483B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
US10221420B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
CN106164293B (zh) | 2020-03-27 |
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