JP6550860B2 - Transparent heating plate, heating appliance and window for house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transparent heat generating plate having a pair of substrates and a heating element disposed between the pair of substrates, and a heater and a house window having the transparent heat generating plate.

  DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Conventionally, the appliance described, for example in patent document 1 or patent document 2 as an electric heating panel heater used for the window of a house is known. According to such a device, the function as heating and the functions such as snow melting, defrosting and antifogging of the window can be exhibited by energizing the heating wire in the panel and heating the device by its resistance heating. .

JP 2002-299013 A JP 2010-251230 A

  The transparent heat generating plate of the prior art is produced by heat-pressing a pair of glass plates by sandwiching the bonding layer and the heating wire therebetween. In addition, as the heating wire, a thin wire made of metal or the like manufactured in another process is used, and the thin wire is disposed between the pair of glass plates. Such a transparent heating plate assumes that heat is radiated from both sides. That is, it is assumed that it radiates from both of a pair of principal surfaces of a transparent heating board.

  By the way, depending on the application of the transparent heating plate, it may be considered sufficient to radiate heat only from the substrate on one side of the transparent heating plate. In the conventional transparent heating plate, not only one side that is desired to radiate for heating or melting snow, but also the side that does not need to be radiated, half of the radiation may be wasted. It was. The present invention has been made in consideration of these points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a transparent heating plate that allows efficient radiation from one side.

The transparent heating plate according to the present invention is
A first substrate having one or more layers;
A second substrate having one or more layers;
A transparent heating plate comprising: a heating element positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and generating heat when a voltage is applied.
The reflectance of the layer that forms one surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the first substrate is the reflectance of the layer that forms the other surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the second substrate. Higher than reflectance.

In the transparent heating plate according to the present invention,
The heating element includes a linear conductor formed in a pattern defining a plurality of opening areas,
The linear conductor may include two or more connection elements extending between two branch points to define the open area.

  A heating device according to the invention comprises any of the transparent heating plates according to the invention described above.

  A residential window according to the invention comprises any of the transparent heating plates according to the invention described above.

  According to the present invention, radiation can be efficiently emitted from one side of the transparent heating plate.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and schematically showing a window of a house provided with a transparent heating plate. FIG. 2 is a view showing the transparent heat generating plate from the normal direction of the plate surface. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the transparent heating plate taken along line III-III of FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the heating element from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing an example of the heating element. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the heating element from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing another example of the heating element.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings attached to the present specification, for the sake of easy illustration and understanding, the scale, vertical and horizontal dimensional ratios, etc. are exaggerated and changed from those of a real thing as appropriate.

  In the present specification, “sheet surface (plate surface, film surface)” refers to a target sheet when the target sheet-like (plate-like, film-like) member is viewed as a whole and generally. It refers to the surface that coincides with the planar direction of the sheet-like member (plate-like member, film-like member). Moreover, the normal direction to the sheet-like (film-like, plate-like) member means the normal direction to the sheet plane (film-like face, plate-like) of the sheet-like (film-like, plate-like) member Point to.

  In addition, as used in this specification, the shape and geometric conditions and the degree thereof are specified, for example, terms such as “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “identical”, length and angle values, etc. are strictly Without being bound by meaning, it should be interpreted including the extent to which similar functions can be expected.

  FIGS. 1 to 5 are views for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention and a modification thereof. Among these, FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a window for housing provided with a transparent heat generating plate, FIG. 2 is a view of the transparent heat generating plate as viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface, and FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the transparent heat generating plate of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an example in which a window 1 as an example of a window for a house is configured by a transparent heating plate 10 will be described. Also, the window 1 is connected to a power supply 7 located around it.

  The transparent heating plate 10 in the present embodiment is formed in a plate shape, and has a first surface 10 a and a second surface 10 b facing each other as a pair of main surfaces. The transparent heat generating plate 10 is disposed so that the first surface 10a faces the outdoors and the second surface 10b faces the indoors when used as a heating appliance. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the transparent heat-generating plate 10 includes the first and second substrates 20 and 30, and a sheet 40 with a heating element disposed between the first and second substrates 20 and 30, and It has a pair of joining layers 13 and 14 that join the substrates 20 and 30 and the sheet 40 with the heating element.

  The first substrate 20 has an infrared reflective film 21 and a substrate glass 22. The infrared reflective film 21 forms a first surface 10 a as one surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10, in particular, the outer surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10, as shown in FIG. 3. On the other hand, the second substrate 30 is made of the substrate glass 32, and the substrate glass 32 forms the second surface 10 b as the inner surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10.

  In order to energize the heating element 50, the sheet 40 with the heating element is provided on the base film 41, the heating element 50 provided on the surface of the base film 41 facing the first substrate 20 and including the linear conductor 51. And a pair of bus bars 45.

  Further, as well shown in FIG. 2, the transparent heating plate 10 has a wiring portion 15 for energizing the heating element 50. In the illustrated example, the power supply 7 supplies power to the heating element 50 from the wiring portion 15 through the bus bar 45 of the heating element-attached sheet 40 to cause the heating element 50 to generate heat by resistance heating. In the transparent heat generating plate 10 described here, the heat generated by the heat generating element 50 is suppressed from being radiated through the first surface 10a. That is, in the transparent heat generating plate 10 described here, a device for performing more radiation from the main surface 10b from one of the pair of main surfaces 10a and 10b is applied. This point will be described in detail later.

  In addition, "transparent" of a transparent heat-generating plate means having transparency to such a degree that one side of the transparent heat-generating plate can see through the other side through the transparent heat-generating plate. For example, it means having a visible light transmittance of 20% or more, more preferably 70% or more. Visible light transmittance is an average of transmittance at each wavelength when measured within a measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JISK0115 compliant product). Specified as a value.

  Further, in the present specification, the terms “plate”, “sheet”, and “film” are not distinguished from each other only based on the difference in names. For example, "heat generating element attached sheet" is a concept including a member that may be called a plate or a film, and thus "heat generating element attached sheet" is a "heating element attached plate (substrate)" or "heating element attached" It can not be distinguished only by the difference of a name and the member called film.

  Hereinafter, each component of the transparent heat generating plate 10 will be described.

  First, the first and second substrates 20 and 30 will be described. As described above, the first substrate 20 in the illustrated example is formed of a laminate including the infrared reflection film 21 and the substrate glass 22, and the second substrate 30 is formed of the substrate glass 32.

  When using for the window of a house like the example shown by FIG. 1, as for the substrate glass 22 and 32, it is preferable to use a thing with high visible light transmittance. Examples of the material of the substrate glasses 22 and 32 include soda lime glass and blue plate glass. The substrate glasses 22 and 32 preferably have a transmittance of 90% or more in the visible light region. However, the visible light transmittance of this part may be lowered by coloring the part or the whole of the substrate glass 22, 32 or the like. In this case, it is possible to block the direct sunlight and to make it difficult to view indoors outdoors.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the substrate glass 22 and 32 have a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. With such a thickness, substrate glasses 22 and 32 excellent in strength and optical characteristics can be obtained. The substrate glasses 22, 32 may be identically constructed of the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and configuration.

  Next, the infrared reflective film 21 will be described. As described above, the infrared reflective film 21 forms the first surface 10 a which is the outer surface of the transparent heating plate 10. The infrared reflection film 21 is formed of a film that is transparent to visible light but has a high reflectance to far infrared light. Examples of such a film include a special metal film such as tin oxide and silver, which is also used in Low-e (Low emission) glass, and a dielectric multilayer film. It is preferable that such an infrared reflective film 21 have a thickness of 0.00001 mm or more and 1 mm or less.

  Here, the relationship between the reflectance and the emissivity will be described. In general, light incident on an object is either reflected, absorbed or transmitted. That is, the sum of reflectance, absorptivity and transmittance is 100%. On the other hand, according to Kirchhoff's law, absorptivity is equal to emissivity. Moreover, in the general glass plate and transparent resin plate, the transmittance | permeability with respect to far-infrared rays more than wavelength 5micrometer is about 0%. Therefore, in the transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance and the absorptivity with respect to far-infrared rays, that is, the sum of the reflectance and the emissivity is almost 100% on any surface. From this relationship, if the infrared reflection film 21 is on the surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance is high and therefore the emissivity is low. If the infrared reflection film 21 is not on the surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance is low. The emissivity is high.

  Specifically, the average emissivity when the far-infrared light having a wavelength of 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less of the infrared reflective film 21 is measured can be about 18%. On the other hand, in the case of general glass used for the substrate glasses 22 and 32, the average emissivity is about 90% when measured in the same wavelength region. Therefore, the heat radiated from the first substrate 20 having the infrared reflecting film 21 is about one fifth of the heat radiated from the second substrate 30 made of only the substrate glass 32.

  That is, in the illustrated transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance of the infrared reflecting film 21 that is a layer that forms the first surface 10 a and is included in the first substrate 20 is a layer that forms the second surface 10 b. The reflectance of the substrate glass 32, which is a layer included in the second substrate 30, is higher. As a result, the heat generated by the heating element 50 suppresses the radiation from the first surface 10 a formed by the infrared reflection film 21. However, the reflectance of each layer is taken as the reflectance to the light ray which injected into transparent heating board 10 from the outside (air side).

  In addition, in this specification, an emissivity is the value measured using the spectral emissivity measuring device based on JISR1801, and is represented by 0 to 100%.

  In the above, a far infrared ray having a wavelength of 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less is assumed, and this corresponds to the wavelength of main light generated by black body radiation around 50 ° C. That is, it is assumed that the transparent heat generating plate 10 generates heat around 50 ° C. and radiates heat.

  Next, the bonding layers 13 and 14 will be described. The bonding layer 13 is disposed between the first substrate 20 and the sheet 40 with a heating element, and bonds the first substrate 20 and the sheet 40 with a heating element to each other. The bonding layer 14 is disposed between the second substrate 30 and the heating element attached sheet 40, and joins the second substrate 30 and the heating element attached sheet 40 to each other.

  As such bonding layers 13 and 14, layers made of materials having various adhesiveness or adhesiveness can be used. In addition, it is preferable that the bonding layers 13 and 14 have high visible light transmittance. As a typical joining layer, the layer which consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be illustrated. The thickness of each of the bonding layers 13 and 14 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less. The pair of bonding layers 13 and 14 may be made of the same material and be the same, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the structure.

  The transparent heat generating plate 10 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be provided with other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function. Further, one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions. For example, the first and second substrates 20 and 30 of the transparent heating plate 10, the bonding layers 13 and 14, and a heating element described later are included. Some function may be given to at least one of the base films 41 of the sheet 40. Examples of functions that can be imparted to the transparent heating plate 10 include an antireflection (AR) function, a hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, an ultraviolet shielding (reflection) function, and an antifouling function. Can do.

  Next, the heating element attached sheet 40 will be described. In order to energize the heating element 50, the sheet 40 with the heating element is provided on the base film 41, the heating element 50 provided on the surface of the base film 41 facing the first substrate 20 and including the linear conductor 51. And a pair of bus bars 45. The sheet 40 with a heating element has substantially the same planar dimensions as the first and second substrates 20 and 30. In addition, illustration of the heat generating body 50 is abbreviate | omitted in FIG.

  The base film 41 functions as a base for supporting the heating element 50. The base film 41 is an electrically insulating film which is generally transparent and transmits a wavelength (380 nm to 780 nm) in the visible light wavelength band. The base film 41 may be made of any material as long as it transmits visible light and can appropriately support the heating element 50. For example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, etc. Can be mentioned. In addition, the base film 41 preferably has a thickness of 0.03 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less in consideration of light transmittance, appropriate supportability of the heating element 50, and the like.

  Next, the heating element 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIGS. 4 and 5 are both plan views of the heating element attached sheet 40 as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement pattern of the linear conductors 51 that form the heating element 50. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of the arrangement pattern of the linear conductors 51 that form the heating element 50.

  The heating element 50 has a linear conductor 51 disposed between a pair of bus bars 45. The linear conductor 51 is energized from the power source 7 through the wiring portion 15 and the bus bar 45, and generates heat by resistance heating. This heat is transmitted to the first and second substrates 20 and 30 through the bonding layers 13 and 14.

  The linear conductors 51 can be arranged in various patterns. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the heating element 50 is formed by arranging linear conductors 51 in a mesh pattern that defines a large number of openings 53. The heating element 50 includes a plurality of connecting elements 54 extending between the two branch points 52 and defining an opening 53. That is, the linear conductor 51 of the heat generating body 50 is configured as a collection of a large number of connection elements 54 which form the branch points 52 at both ends. In particular, in the illustrated example, at the branch point 52, the three connection elements 54 are connected at an equal angle, whereby a large number of honeycomb-shaped openings 53 of the same shape surrounded by the six connection elements 54 are defined. Yes.

  In the illustrated example, the heating element 50 has a mesh pattern in which honeycomb-shaped openings 53 having the same shape are regularly arranged. However, the heating element 50 is not limited to such a mesh pattern, and the same shape such as a triangle or a rectangle is used. Mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are regularly arranged, mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are regularly arranged, mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are irregularly arranged, such as Voronoi mesh Etc., various mesh patterns can be used.

  Furthermore, the arrangement pattern of the heating elements 50 may not be a mesh pattern. The heat generating body 50 shown in FIG. 5 has a plurality of linear conductors 51 connecting the pair of bus bars 45. In the illustrated example, each of the plurality of linear conductors 51 extends from one bus bar 45 to the other bus bar 45 in a wavy line pattern. The plurality of linear conductors 51 are arranged apart from each other in a direction not parallel to the extending direction of the linear conductors 51. In particular, the plurality of linear conductors 51 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the linear conductors 51. Thereby, a gap 55 is formed between two adjacent linear conductors 51. Each linear conductor 51 may extend between the pair of bus bars 45 in a pattern such as a straight line, a broken line, or a sine wave in addition to the wavy line pattern.

  Examples of the material for constituting the linear conductor 51 of the heating element 50 include gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, tungsten, and these. One or more of the alloys of Alternatively, a conductive material having high visible light transmittance, for example, a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) may be used as the material.

  As an example, the sheet 40 with a heating element can be manufactured by patterning a metal film provided on the base film 41 using a photolithography technique.

  Each component of the transparent heat generating plate 10 has been described above. The transparent heating plate 10 is designed to suppress the radiation from the first substrate 20. As a specific means, the reflectance of the layer that forms one surface 10a of the transparent heating plate 10 and is included in the first substrate 20 is the layer that forms the other surface 10b of the transparent heating plate 10 and is the second layer. The reflectance of the layer included in the substrate 30 is higher than that of the layer. That is, the reflectance of the infrared reflective film 21 that forms the first surface 10a is higher than the reflectance of the layer included in the second substrate 30 that forms the second surface 10b.

  The heat generated by the heating element 50 is transferred to the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 inside the transparent heating plate 10. Heat transfer can be achieved by, for example, heat conduction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side in each layer, as well as radiation in one of a pair of adjacent layers and absorption in the other. The first substrate 20 has the infrared reflection layer 21 having a higher reflectance than the layer forming the surface of the second substrate 30 on the surface. In other words, the first substrate 20 includes the infrared reflective layer 21 that is more difficult to emit and that is more difficult to reflect and absorb heat. Therefore, in the transparent heating plate 10, the heat generated by the heating element 50 is suppressed from being emitted from the first surface 10 a formed on the infrared reflecting film 21.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the transparent heating plate 10 includes the first substrate 20 having one or more layers, the second substrate 30 having one or more layers, the first substrate 20 and the second substrate. And a heat generating body 50 which generates heat when a voltage is applied, and is a layer forming one surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10 and the reflectance of the layer included in the first substrate 20 is The layer serving as the other surface of the transparent heating plate 10 is lower than the reflectance of the layer included in the second substrate 30. According to such a transparent heating plate 10, heat radiation from the first surface 10a formed by the first substrate 20 can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, when using this transparent heat generating board 10 as heating, it can radiate efficiently from the side of one main surface. Specifically, as described above, the side of the first substrate 20 radiates only about one fifth of the heat of the side of the second substrate 30. Therefore, the radiation efficiency on one side is about 1.7 times that of the conventional case where the radiation is similarly conducted from both sides. That is, the power consumption can be reduced to about 60%. Or if it is the same power consumption, compared with the conventional heat generating plate, the whole transparent heat generating plate 10 can be made into high temperature, and the amount of heat radiation can be increased. Furthermore, such a highly reflective layer has a high thermal insulation effect. Therefore, when the transparent heat generating plate 10 is used as a window, not only can the indoor temperature move outside in the winter, but also the indoor temperature can be prevented from rising due to the heat rays from the outdoor in the summer. be able to.

  Furthermore, in the transparent heat generating plate 10 in the present embodiment, the heat generating element 50 is formed in a regular pattern. Such a transparent heating plate 10 is easy to manufacture, so the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, since the linear conductors 51 are uniformly dispersed, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of uneven heat generation. In particular, heating element 50 includes linear conductor 51 formed in a pattern defining a plurality of opening regions 53, and linear conductor 51 extends between two branch points 52 to form opening region 53. In the case where two or more connecting elements 54 are defined, such a heating element 50 maintains electrical connection even if it is disconnected at a certain location. It is.

  The transparent heating plate 10 can also be used in places other than windows for housing, in particular, in places that divide indoors and outdoors, for example, buildings, stores, and the like. In addition, it can also be used for the purpose of defrosting and antifogging generally for residential applications such as a partition window and a skylight of a bathtub inside a house.

  Furthermore, the transparent heating plate 10 may be used as a window of a vehicle such as a car, a railway, an aircraft, a ship, or a spacecraft.

  Note that various modifications can be made to the embodiment described above.

  For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although the example in which the transparent heating plate 10 which functions as a heating appliance is installed as a window was shown, it is not limited to this example. The transparent heat generating plate 10 that functions as a heating appliance may be arranged indoors. According to the transparent heat generating plate 10, it can suppress radiating | emitting when it installs on the wall.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the transparent heat generating plate 10 is used as a heating appliance, an example is shown in which the first surface 10a faces the outdoors and the second surface 10b faces the indoors. You may install in the direction. That is, the first surface 10a may be disposed indoors and the second surface 10b may be disposed outdoor. In this case, since the surface which faces the outdoors is more radiated, it is used as a snow melting or defrosting instrument.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Window 7 Power supply 10 Transparent heating plate 13 Joining layer 14 Joining layer 15 Wiring part 20 1st board | substrate 21 Infrared reflective film 22 Substrate glass 30 Second board 32 Substrate glass 40 Sheet 41 with a heating element Base film 45 Busbar 50 Heating element 51 Linear conductor 52 Branch point 53 Opening 54 Connection element 55 Gap

Claims (5)

A first substrate having one or more layers;
A second substrate having one or more layers;
A base film, and a heating element that is provided on a surface of the base film facing the first substrate and generates heat when a voltage is applied; and is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; A heating plate with a heating element , and a transparent heating plate comprising:
The reflectance of the layer that forms one surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the first substrate is the reflectance of the layer that forms the other surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the second substrate. Transparent heating plate higher than reflectance.   A first substrate having one or more layers;
  A second substrate having one or more layers;
  A base film located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a heating element provided on the surface of the base film facing the first substrate and generating heat when a voltage is applied. And a sheet with a heating element having
  The transparent heating plate, wherein the first substrate has an infrared reflection film and a substrate glass. The heating element includes a linear conductor formed in a pattern defining a plurality of opening areas,
The line-shaped conductor, extends between the two branch points containing two or more connecting elements defining said opening area, transparent heating plate according to claim 1 or 2. A heater comprising the transparent heating plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A residential window provided with the transparent heating plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

Images