JP2016223161A - Transparent heating plate and window including transparent heating plate - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart a daylighting efficiency improving function to a transparent heating plate.SOLUTION: A transparent heating plate 10 includes a first face 10a and a second face 10b facing the first face 10a. In addition, the transparent heating plate 10 includes a pair of base plates 11, 12 and a conductive body for heating 30 arranged between the pair of base plates 11, 12. The conductive body for heating 30 includes a plurality of conductive fine wires 31 arrayed in a first direction d1 along a plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the conductive fine wires 31 extending in a second direction d2 not in parallel with the first direction d1 and in parallel with the plate surface and having a reflective surface reflecting light entering from the first face 10a side to the second face 10b side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a transparent heating plate and a window provided with the transparent heating plate.

  Conventionally, for example, a heat generating plate described in Patent Document 1 is known as a transparent heat generating plate used for windows of various buildings such as houses. According to such an appliance, it is possible to exert functions such as anti-fogging of windows, snow melting or defrosting by energizing the heating wire in the heating plate and generating heat by the resistance heating.

  In addition, as described in Patent Document 2, for example, a window film that has a window film that deflects incident external light toward an indoor ceiling is known. According to such a window film, it is possible to effectively illuminate a region away from the indoor window, and to improve the effective lighting efficiency of the window material. Therefore, the illumination intensity of indoor lighting can be weakened and energy saving can be realized.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-16032 JP 2014-237963 A

  However, in the prior art, there has been no window material having both an antifogging, snow melting or defrosting function and a daylighting efficiency improving function. Moreover, if it is going to combine the technique described in patent document 1, and the technique described in patent document 2, the heating wire for anti-fogging, snow melting, or a defrosting function will reduce the lighting efficiency of a window material, There is also a problem that the effect of the technique described in Patent Document 2, that is, the improvement of the daylighting efficiency, cannot be exhibited appropriately.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of such points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lighting efficiency improving function to a transparent heating plate.

The transparent heating plate according to the present invention is
A transparent heat generating plate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface,
The transparent heat generating plate has a pair of substrates, and a heat generating conductor disposed between the pair of substrates,
The heat generating conductor is a plurality of conductive thin wires arranged in a first direction along a plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate, and a second direction not parallel to the first direction and parallel to the plate surface And a thin conductive wire having a reflection surface that reflects light incident from the first surface side to the second surface side.

  In the transparent heat generating plate according to the present invention, a width of the conductive thin wire along a normal direction to the plate surface may be larger than a height of the conductive thin wire along the first direction.

  The transparent heat generating plate according to the present invention may further include a pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied, and the conductive thin wires of the heat generating conductor may connect the pair of bus bars.

  The window according to the present invention comprises the above-described transparent heating plate.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to impart a daylighting efficiency improving function to the transparent heating plate.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and schematically showing a building window provided with a transparent heating plate. FIG. 2 is a view showing the transparent heating plate from the normal direction of the plate surface. FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view illustrating the transparent heat generating plate of FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the transparent heat generating plate taken along line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the light control layer of the transparent heat generating plate. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a manufacturing method of the light control layer of FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 5. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 5. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the light control layer of the transparent heat generating plate. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a manufacturing method of the light control layer in FIG. 9. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an example of a manufacturing method of the light control layer in FIG. 9. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the light control layer of the transparent heat generating plate. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 13. FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 13. FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 13. FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing the light control layer in FIG. 13.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings attached to the present specification, for the sake of illustration and ease of understanding, the scale, the vertical / horizontal dimension ratio, and the like are appropriately changed and exaggerated from those of the actual product.

  In this specification, the terms “plate”, “sheet”, and “film” are not distinguished from each other only based on the difference in designation. For example, “plate” is a concept that includes a member that can be called a sheet or a film. Therefore, “transparent heating plate” is a member called “transparent heating sheet” or “transparent heating film”. It cannot be distinguished only by differences.

  In addition, in this specification, “sheet surface (plate surface, film surface)” means a target sheet when the target sheet-shaped (plate-shaped, film-shaped) member is viewed as a whole and globally. It refers to the surface that coincides with the planar direction of the plate-like member (plate-like member, film-like member).

  As used in this specification, the shape and geometric conditions and the degree thereof are specified, for example, terms such as “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “identical”, length and angle values, etc. Without being bound by meaning, it should be interpreted including the extent to which similar functions can be expected.

  FIGS. 1-18 is a figure for demonstrating one Embodiment by this invention. Of these, FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a building window having a transparent heat generating plate, FIG. 2 is a view of the transparent heat generating plate viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view showing the transparent heat generating plate of FIG. 2 and a heat generating conductor of the transparent heat generating plate, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the transparent heat generating plate of FIG.

  Below, the window 1 is a window for buildings (refer FIG. 1), and the example in which this window 1 is comprised with the transparent heating plate 10 is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the transparent heat generating plate 10 according to the present embodiment includes substrates 11 and 12, a heat generating conductor 30 disposed between the substrates 11 and 12, and a heat generating conductor 30. It has a pair of bus bars 16 for energizing. In the illustrated example, the heat generating conductor 30 is formed as an assembly of conductive thin wires 31 connecting the pair of bus bars 16.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the transparent heat generating plate 10 includes substrates 11 and 12, a light control layer 20 disposed between the substrates 11 and 12, and the substrates 11 and 12 and the light control layer 20. And a pair of bonding layers 13 and 14 are bonded to each other. The light control layer 20 has a plurality of thin conductive wires 31 arranged in the first direction d1 along the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10. Details of the light control layer 20 will be described later.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the plate surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12, the sheet surface of the bonding layers 13 and 14, the sheet surface of the light control layer 20, and the light control A sheet surface of a base portion 40 described later of the layer 20, a sheet surface of the first base portion 41, and a sheet surface of the cover layer 25 are parallel to each other. Therefore, the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the normal direction to the plate surface of the substrates 11 and 12, the normal direction to the sheet surface of the bonding layers 13 and 14, and the light control layer 20 The normal direction to the sheet surface, the normal direction to the sheet surface of the base portion 40 (to be described later) of the light control layer 20, the normal direction to the sheet surface of the first base portion 41, and the sheet surface of the cover layer 25 The direction of the normal to is also parallel to each other.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the surface of the substrate 11 opposite to the substrate 12 forms the first surface 10 a of the transparent heating plate 10, and the surface of the substrate 12 opposite to the substrate 11 is the transparent heating plate 10. The second surface 10b is formed. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the sun is the light source, and in a state where the window 1 is installed in the building, the first surface 10a becomes the light incident side surface facing the outdoors, and the second surface 10b faces the indoors. It is designed to be a light-emitting surface.

  In the present embodiment, the “light-incident side” means the upstream side in the traveling direction of light (for example, external light traveling indoors from the outside) that passes through the transparent heating plate 10 without being folded back in the traveling direction (see FIG. 4, 5, 9, and 13, and refers to the left side in FIG. 5, FIG. 9, and FIG. 13. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 9 and FIG. 13.

  Further, as well shown in FIG. 2, the transparent heat generating plate 10 has a wiring portion 15 for energizing the heat generating conductor 30. In the illustrated example, the power source 7 energizes the heat generating conductor 30 from the wiring portion 15 via the bus bar 16, and the conductive thin wire 31 of the heat generating conductor 30 is heated by resistance heating. The heat generated in the conductive thin wire 31 is transmitted to the substrates 11 and 12, and the substrates 11 and 12 are warmed.

  The “transparent” of the transparent heat generating plate 10 means that the transparent heat generating plate 10 has transparency enough to allow the other side to be seen through from the transparent heat generating plate. For example, it means having a visible light transmittance of 20% or more, more preferably 70% or more. Visible light transmittance is the transmittance at each wavelength when measured within a measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K 0115 compliant product). Specified as the average value of. In addition, “transparent” in the present invention may be cloudy transparent such as high-haze frosted glass, in addition to low haze (cloudiness) and no cloudiness. Furthermore, “transparent” as used in the present invention may be colored transparent in addition to colorless and transparent.

  Next, each component of the transparent heat generating plate 10 will be described.

  When using for the window of a building like the example shown in FIG. 1, the board | substrates 11 and 12 have a high visible light transmittance from a viewpoint of ensuring the visibility or lighting property through the transparent heat generating board 10. FIG. It is preferable to use it. Examples of the material of the substrates 11 and 12 include soda lime glass (soda glass, blue plate glass), borosilicate glass, quartz glass, potash glass, and the like. The visible light transmittance of the substrates 11 and 12 is preferably 90% or more. However, the visible light transmittance of a part of the substrates 11 and 12 may be lowered by coloring or the like. In this case, it is possible to moderately reduce direct sunlight and to make it difficult to visually recognize the indoor from the outside.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the board | substrates 11 and 12 have thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. With such a thickness, the substrates 11 and 12 having excellent strength and optical characteristics can be obtained. The pair of substrates 11 and 12 may be configured identically with the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

  Next, the bonding layers 13 and 14 will be described. The bonding layer 13 is disposed between the one substrate 11 and the light control layer 20, and bonds the one substrate 11 and the light control layer 20 to each other. The bonding layer 14 is disposed between the other substrate 12 and the light control layer 20, and bonds the other substrate 12 and the light control layer 20 to each other.

  As the bonding layers 13 and 14, layers made of materials having various adhesiveness or tackiness can be used. The bonding layers 13 and 14 preferably have a high visible light transmittance. As a typical joining layer, the layer which consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be illustrated. The thickness of the bonding layers 13 and 14 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less, respectively. The pair of bonding layers 13 and 14 may be configured identically with the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

  The transparent heat generating plate 10 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be provided with other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function. In addition, one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions. For example, the substrates 11 and 12 and the bonding layers 13 and 14 of the transparent heating plate 10 and a main body 21 of the light control layer 20 described later. A certain function may be given to at least one of the above. Examples of functions that can be imparted to the transparent heating plate 10 include an antireflection (AR) function, a hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, an infrared shielding (reflection) function, an ultraviolet shielding (reflection) function, and an anti-reflection function. Examples thereof include a stain function, an antistatic function, and a coloring function.

  Next, the light control layer 20 will be described. The light control layer 20 includes a base portion 21 and conductive thin wires 31 provided in the base portion 21. As shown in FIGS. 2-4, the some electroconductive thin wire | line 31 is arranged in the 1st direction d1. Each of the conductive thin wires 31 extends in a direction non-parallel to the first direction d1 that is the arrangement direction. In particular, in the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each conductive thin wire 31 extends linearly in a second direction d <b> 2 that is orthogonal to the first direction d <b> 1 and parallel to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10. . In the present embodiment, the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (hereinafter also referred to as “main cut surface”), that is, the cross section perpendicular to the second direction d2 in each of the conductive thin wires 31 is, for example, FIG. 13 and has a cross-sectional shape as will be described later with reference to FIG. 13. In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the cross-sectional shape of each conductive thin wire 31 is shown by a simple rectangle for easy understanding. .

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each conductive thin wire 31 includes a first surface 31a positioned on one side (upper side in FIGS. 3 and 4) in the first direction (arrangement direction) d1, and a first direction d1. And a second surface 31b located on the other side (the lower side in FIGS. 3 and 4) opposite to the one side. In the illustrated example, the first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35. The reflection surface 35 is a surface having a function of reflecting light incident on the reflection surface 35. The reflection by the reflection surface 35 may be either regular reflection (specular reflection) or diffuse reflection.

  Next, an example of the configuration of the light control layer 20 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

  The light control layer 20 includes a base portion 40 in which a plurality of grooves 45 are formed, conductive thin wires 31 formed in the grooves 45 of the base portion 40, and a cover layer 25 that covers the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31. And have. The grooves 45 of the base portion 40 are arranged in the first direction d1, straight in the second direction d2 that is not parallel to the first direction d1 and parallel to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10 (sheet surface of the light control layer 20). It extends in a shape. Therefore, the conductive thin wires 31 formed in each groove 45 are also arranged in the first direction d1 and extend in the second direction d2. In particular, the first direction d1 and the second direction d2 are orthogonal to each other.

  The base portion 40 includes a first base portion 41 having a sheet shape, and a plurality of second base portions 42 supported by the first base portion 41 and arranged alternately with the conductive thin wires 31 in the first direction d1. I have. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the second base portion 42 is formed integrally with the first base portion 41.

  The 1st base part 41 is a layer which supports the 2nd base part 42 and the electroconductive thin wire 31, and is suitably comprised so that it may have moderate intensity | strength and moderate transparency. As an example, the thickness of the first base portion 41 can be 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less.

  Each of the second base portions 42 is arranged in the first direction d1 and is linear in the second direction d2 that is not parallel to the first direction d1 and parallel to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10 (the sheet surface of the light control layer 20). It extends to. As shown in FIG. 5, each second base portion 42 has a substantially trapezoidal shape at the main cutting surface, and a first surface 42 a positioned on one side (upper side in FIG. 5) in the first direction d <b> 1. A second surface 42b located on the other side (lower side in FIG. 5) opposite to one side in the first direction d1, and a third surface 42c forming a light incident side surface of the second base portion 42; ,have. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the second base portion 42 is constant along the longitudinal direction (second direction d2). Further, the plurality of second base portions 42 are configured to be the same as each other, and are arranged with a predetermined interval along the first direction d1, particularly the same interval in the illustrated example.

  In the example shown in FIG. 5, the second surface 42 b of the second base portion 42 located on one side of the two second base portions 42 adjacent in the first direction d1 along the first direction d1; The first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 located on the other side along the first direction d1 approaches each other from the light incident side to the light emitting side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20 It has come to do. In particular, in the illustrated example, the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 moves from the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light exit side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20. Inclined to one side. Further, the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 is directed from one side to the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20. It is inclined to.

  Further, the groove 45 includes a second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 that is located on one side of the two second base portions 42 adjacent to each other in the first direction d1 along the first direction d1, and the first surface 42b. It is formed between the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 located on the other side along the direction d1. As shown in FIG. 5, the groove 45 has a substantially trapezoidal shape at the main cut surface. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 45 is constant along the longitudinal direction (second direction d2). Further, the plurality of grooves 45 are configured to be the same as each other, and are arranged with a predetermined interval, particularly in the illustrated example, the same interval along the first direction d1.

  Examples of the material used for the first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42 include monomers such as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, and polyester resins, prepolymers, or a mixture of two or more of these. Thus, an ionizing radiation curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin that is cured (solidified) by a crosslinking reaction or a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet rays or electron beams can be used. The first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42 may contain an ultraviolet absorber (UVA) such as a benzotriazole-based compound or a benzophenone-based compound for the purpose of improving weather resistance. Or you may contain infrared absorbers, such as a cesium containing tungsten oxide microparticles | fine-particles and a phthalocyanine type compound, in order to absorb the infrared rays (heat ray) in sunlight, and to reduce the temperature rise in a room | chamber interior.

  Further, the first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42 can be adjusted to have a desired transmittance in the visible light region. The visible light transmittance of the second base portion 42 and the first base portion 41 can be adjusted to 70% or more as an example. When the visible light transmittance is 70% or more, the transmittance in the visible light region as the light control layer 20 as a whole can be sufficiently obtained, so that it is possible to effectively suppress a decrease in daylighting performance.

  The conductive thin wire 31 is disposed so as to cover at least a part of the second surface 42 b of the second base portion 42. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the conductive thin wire 31 is a second base portion located on one side of the two second base portions 42 adjacent to each other in the first direction d1 along the first direction d1. It arrange | positions so that the 2nd surface 42b of 42 and the 1st surface 42a of the 2nd base part 42 located in the other side along the 1st direction d1 may be covered.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the conductive thin wire 31 is formed by filling a groove 45 formed between two second base portions 42 adjacent in the first direction d1. As shown in the drawing, the conductive thin wire 31 formed in the groove 45 has a substantially trapezoidal shape at the main cut surface, and is located on one side (upper side in FIG. 5) in the first direction d1 and is second. The second base portion 42 is located on the first surface 31a in contact with the second surface 42b of the base portion 42 and the other side (the lower side in FIGS. 3 and 4) opposite to one side in the first direction d1. A second surface 31b in contact with the first surface 42a, a third surface 31c forming a light incident side surface of the conductive thin wire 31, and a fourth surface 31d forming a light output side surface of the conductive thin wire 31. doing. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the conductive thin wire 31 is constant along the longitudinal direction (second direction d2). Further, the plurality of thin conductive wires 31 are configured in the same manner and are arranged along the first direction d1 with a predetermined interval, particularly in the illustrated example, the same interval.

  In the example shown in FIG. 5, the first surface 31 a and the second surface 31 b of the conductive thin wire 31 approach each other from the light incident side toward the light output side. In particular, in the illustrated example, the first surface 31a of the conductive thin wire 31 is inclined so as to go from one side to the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side, and the conductive thin wire The second surface 31b of 31 is inclined so as to go from the other side in the first direction d1 to the one side as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side. The first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35. The reflection surface 35 is a surface having a function of reflecting light incident on the reflection surface 35. Here, the angle θ of the first surface 31a (reflection surface 35) of the conductive thin wire 31 with respect to the normal direction to the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 (sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 0 ° or more and 20 ° or less. It can be.

  The width (maximum width) W along the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10 of the conductive thin wire 31 (the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 and the sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less. be able to. Further, the height H (maximum height) along the first direction d1 of the conductive thin wire 31 can be set to 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less. Preferably, the width W of the conductive thin wire 31 is larger than the height H of the conductive thin wire 31. According to the conductive thin wire 31 having such a width W and a height H, since the reflecting surface 35 has a sufficient width, a desired daylighting property can be ensured. Moreover, since the height H is sufficiently thinned, the transparency through the transparent heating plate 10 can be ensured. Furthermore, the resistance value of the conductive thin wire 31 can be adjusted by adjusting the width W and the height H of the conductive thin wire 31.

  Examples of the material for forming the conductive thin wire 31 of the heat generating conductor 30 include, for example, gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, tungsten, and One or more alloys including one or more of these metals such as nickel-chromium alloy, bronze, and brass can be exemplified.

  The cover layer 25 functions as a cover that covers the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31 and protects the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31. The cover layer 25 preferably has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. When the visible light transmittance is 70% or more, the transmittance in the visible light region as the light control layer 20 as a whole can be sufficiently obtained, so that it is possible to effectively suppress a decrease in daylighting performance.

  As the material of the cover layer 25, various materials having visible light permeability can be used. Examples of materials that can be used for the cover layer 25 include ionizing radiation curable resins such as ultraviolet curable resins and electron beam curable resins. The cover layer 25 may be formed using the same material as the first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42, or may be formed using a material different from the first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42. May be.

  The light control layer 20 having the above configuration can be manufactured as follows as an example. 6-8 is a figure for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing method of the light control layer 20. As shown in FIG.

  First, the base material 49 is prepared. The base material 49 has a function of supporting the base portion 40 in the manufacturing process of the light control layer 20. Any material may be used as the material of the base material 49 as long as it can appropriately support the base portion 40. However, as an example, a sheet-like material containing a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin is used. it can.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6, a base portion 40 having a plurality of grooves 45 is formed on the base material 49. The base portion 40 can be formed using, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin. When the base portion 40 is formed using such a resin, for example, the resin material provided on the base material 49 is molded using a mold having a plurality of convex portions, and ultraviolet rays, electron beams or the like are applied. By irradiating and curing the resin material, it is possible to form the base portion 40 in which a plurality of grooves 45 complementary to the plurality of convex portions of the mold are formed. At this time, the portion between the two grooves 45 adjacent to each other in the first direction d1 forms the second base portion 42 of the base portion 40, and between the groove 45 and the second base portion 42 and the base material 49. The portion forms the first base portion 41. In addition, the base part 40 having the plurality of grooves 45 can also be formed by, for example, extrusion molding or injection molding. In addition, the first base portion 41 and the second base portion 42 of the base portion 40 may be formed integrally or separately.

  Next, the material constituting the conductive thin wire 31 is filled in each groove 45 of the base portion 40. Examples of the material constituting the conductive thin wire 31 include gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, tungsten, and one or more of these metals. One or more of such alloys can be exemplified.

  FIG. 7 shows a case where each groove 45 of the base portion 40 is filled with a material constituting the conductive thin wire 31. As an example, a conductive paste 39 containing silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of nanometer (nm) order of 1 nm or more and 1000 nm or less is supplied onto a base portion 40 having a plurality of grooves 45, and a conductive paste using a squeegee. 39 is filled in each groove 45. Thereafter, the conductive paste 39 is sintered by heating to a temperature of 150 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less, and the conductive thin wires 31 are formed from the conductive paste 39 filled in the grooves 45. The average particle diameter is an arithmetic average value of the diameters of silver nanoparticles taken by optical microscopy or transmission electron microscopy, and is defined in the annex of JIS Z 8901: 2006 (test powder and test particles). It can be specified as the arithmetic average particle size measured by the method. Further, the content of the silver nanoparticles in the conductive paste 39 can be arbitrarily selected according to the average particle diameter of the silver nanoparticles, the form of the particles, and the like. It can be contained in the range of 10 to 90 parts by weight.

  At this time, the surface of the conductive thin wire 31 formed from the conductive paste 39 located on one side in the first direction d1 (the right side in FIG. 7) and in contact with the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 is conductive. The surface that forms the first surface 31a of the thin wire 31 and is located on the other side (the left side in FIG. 7) in the first direction d1 and is in contact with the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 is the second surface of the conductive thin wire 31. 31b. Then, the first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35.

  Thereafter, a pair of bus bars 16 for energizing the conductive thin wires 31 of the heat generating conductor 30 is formed. The bus bar 16 has an arrangement direction (first direction) of the plurality of conductive thin wires 31 so as to connect the plurality of conductive thin wires 31 at one end side and the other end side along the extending direction (second direction d2), respectively. d1) (see FIG. 2). The bus bar 16 can be formed, for example, by sticking a foil (metal foil) such as copper or aluminum or screen printing a conductive paste.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the cover layer 25 is formed so as to cover the second base portion 42 of the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31 formed in the grooves 45 of the base portion 40. The cover layer 25 can be formed using, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin. In the case of forming the cover layer 25 using such a resin, a resin material having fluidity that will later form the cover layer 25 is provided on the second base portion 42 and the conductive thin wire 31, and ultraviolet or electronic The cover layer 25 may be formed by irradiating a wire or the like to cure the resin material, or by providing a sheet-like resin material so as to cover the second base portion 42 and the conductive thin wire 31. The cover layer 25 may be formed.

  Then, the light control layer 20 shown in FIG. 5 is produced by peeling the base material 49.

  Finally, the substrate 11, the bonding layer 13, the light control layer 20, the bonding layer 14, and the substrate 12 are superposed in this order, and heated and pressurized. For example, first, the bonding layer 13 and the bonding layer 14 are temporarily bonded to the substrate 11 and the substrate 12, respectively. Next, the substrate 11, the light control layer 20, and the bonding layer to which the bonding layer 13 is temporarily bonded so that the side on which the bonding layers 13 and 14 of the substrates 11 and 12 are temporarily bonded faces the light control layer 20, respectively. The substrates 12 to which 14 is temporarily bonded are superposed in this order, and heated and pressurized. Thereby, the board | substrate 11, the light control layer 20, and the board | substrate 12 are joined via the joining layers 13 and 14, and the transparent heat generating board 10 shown in FIG.3 and FIG.4 is manufactured.

  Next, with reference to FIG.4 and FIG.5, the effect in the case of using the transparent heat generating plate 10 which has the conductor 30 for a heat generation containing the above-mentioned electroconductive thin wire 31 for the window 1 of a building is demonstrated. Hereinafter, in the description of the function and effect of the transparent heat generating plate 10 described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, 9, and 13, the arrangement direction (first direction d <b> 1) of the conductive thin wires 31 is vertical (vertical direction). ) And the transparent heat generating plate 10 is arranged so that one side of the arrangement direction (first direction d1) is the upper side in the vertical direction and the other side of the arrangement direction (first direction d1) is the lower side in the vertical direction. It is assumed that In addition, it is assumed that the first surface 10a of the transparent heat generating plate 10 is a light incident side surface facing the outdoors, and the second surface 10b is a light output side surface facing the indoors.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the light is incident on the transparent heat generating plate 10 from the first surface 10 a side of the transparent heat generating plate 10 with a large inclination with respect to the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10. Light (for example, external light such as sunlight) L1 travels toward the conductive thin wire 31 of the heat generating conductor 30 in the transparent heat generating plate 10. On the other hand, the light L2 incident on the transparent heat generating plate 10 from the first surface 10a side of the transparent heat generating plate 10 at an angle that is not greatly inclined up and down with respect to the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10 is The base portion 40 (second base portion 42) can be transmitted without entering the conductive thin wire 31 of the heat generating conductor 30. Thereby, a sufficient amount of sunlight can be collected in the room, and the room can be illuminated with sunlight. Further, a person inside the room can visually recognize the outside from the room through the transparent second base portion 42.

  Here, the transparent heat generating plate 10 according to the present embodiment has a heat generating conductor 30 disposed between the pair of substrates 11 and 12, and the heat generating conductor 30 is disposed on the plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10. A plurality of conductive thin wires 31 arranged in a first direction d1 (vertical direction) along the second direction d2 (shown in FIG. 4) that is not parallel to the first direction and parallel to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10. In the example shown, it includes a conductive thin wire 31 having a reflective surface 35 that extends in the horizontal direction) and reflects the light L1 incident from the first surface 10a side to the second surface 10b side.

  As a result, the light L1 incident from the first surface 10a side of the transparent heating plate 10 and directed toward the conductive thin wire 31 of the heating conductor 30 is reflected by the reflecting surface 35 of the conductive thin wire 31 and is then transparent. 10 toward the second surface 10b side and exits from the second surface 10b into the room. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the light L <b> 1 reflected by the reflecting surface 35 of the conductive thin wire 31 is bounced up to an upper region in the room. As a result, the light passing through the transparent heat generating plate 10 can guide the light L1 to a region on the far side of the room away from the position where the window 1 is installed. That is, the transparent heat generating plate 10 can exhibit an excellent daylighting function.

  Various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment. Hereinafter, modified examples will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In the following description and the drawings used in the following description, the same reference numerals as those used for the corresponding parts in the above embodiment are used for the parts that can be configured in the same manner as the above embodiment, A duplicate description is omitted.

  A modification of the light control layer 20 of the transparent heat generating plate 10 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, each second base portion 42 of the base portion 40 is arranged in the first direction d1 and is not parallel to the first direction d1 and the plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10 (of the light control layer 20). It extends linearly in a second direction d2 parallel to the sheet surface. As shown in FIG. 9, each second base portion 42 has a substantially triangular shape on the main cut surface, and a first surface 42 a positioned on one side (upper side in FIG. 9) in the first direction d <b> 1. And a second surface 42b located on the other side (lower side in FIG. 9) opposite to one side in the first direction d1. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the second base portion 42 is constant along the longitudinal direction (second direction d2). Further, the plurality of second base portions 42 are configured to be the same as each other, and are arranged with a predetermined interval along the first direction d1, particularly the same interval in the illustrated example.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 located on one side of the two second base portions 42 adjacent in the first direction d1 along the first direction d1; The first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 located on the other side along the first direction d1 approaches each other from the light incident side to the light emitting side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20 It has come to do. In particular, in the illustrated example, the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 moves from the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light exit side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20. Inclined to one side. Further, the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 is directed from one side to the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side in the normal direction to the plate surface of the light control layer 20. It is inclined to.

  Further, the groove 45 includes a second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 that is located on one side of the two second base portions 42 adjacent to each other in the first direction d1 along the first direction d1, and the first surface 42b. It is formed between the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 located on the other side along the direction d1.

  The conductive thin wire 31 is disposed so as to cover at least a part of the second surface 42 b of the second base portion 42. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the second base portion 42 is disposed so as to cover the entire second surface 42 b.

  As shown in the drawing, the conductive thin wire 31 is positioned on one side in the first direction d1 (upper side in FIG. 9) and contacts the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42, and the first surface 31a. The second surface 31b is located on the other side (lower side in FIG. 9) opposite to the one side in the direction d1 and is in contact with the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the conductive thin wire 31 is constant along the longitudinal direction (second direction d2). Further, the plurality of thin conductive wires 31 are configured in the same manner and are arranged along the first direction d1 with a predetermined interval, particularly in the illustrated example, the same interval.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the first surface 31a of the conductive thin wire 31 is inclined so as to go from one side to the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side. The first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35. Here, the angle θ of the first surface 31a (reflection surface 35) of the conductive thin wire 31 with respect to the normal direction to the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 (sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 0 ° or more and 20 ° or less. It can be.

  The width (maximum width) W along the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10 of the conductive thin wire 31 (the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 and the sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less. be able to. Moreover, the height (maximum height) H along the first direction d1 of the conductive thin wire 31 can be set to 0.01 μm or more and 10 μm or less. Preferably, the width W of the conductive thin wire 31 is larger than the height H of the conductive thin wire 31.

  The light control layer 20 having the configuration described with reference to FIG. 9 can be manufactured as follows as an example. 10-12 is a figure for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing method of the light control layer 20 shown in FIG.

  First, the base material 49 is prepared. Next, the base portion 40 having the plurality of grooves 45 is formed on the base material 49. FIG. 10 shows the base 49 formed on the base material 49. The base portion 40 having the plurality of grooves 45 can be formed by molding using a mold having a plurality of convex portions, extrusion molding, injection molding, or the like.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the conductive thin wire 31 is formed in each groove 45 of the base portion 40. In particular, in the illustrated example, by providing a metal material forming the conductive thin wire 31 on the second surface 42 b of the second base portion 42, the conductive thin wire 31 is formed from this metal material. As an example of the metal material forming the conductive thin wire 31, a metal material such as aluminum, copper, tungsten, or the like is used for the second base portion 42 by using an oblique deposition technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-309850. It can be provided on the two surfaces 42b. Further, the metal material forming the conductive thin wire 31 is not limited to this. For example, an ink in which metal particles such as aluminum, copper, and tungsten are dispersed in a binder resin is parallel to the first surface 42 a of the second base portion 42. You may provide by spraying from a direction, especially the direction parallel to both the main cut surface of the 2nd base part 42, and the 1st surface 42a.

  At this time, the surface of the conductive thin wire 31 formed of a metal material located on one side in the first direction d1 (the right side in FIG. 11) and in contact with the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 is the conductive thin wire. The first surface 31a of 31 and the surface located on the other side (left side in FIG. 11) in the first direction d1 (the surface facing the first surface 31a of the conductive thin wire 31) are the second of the conductive thin wires 31. The surface 31b is formed. Then, the first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the cover layer 25 is formed so as to cover the second base portion 42 of the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31 formed in the grooves 45 of the base portion 40. The cover layer 25 can be formed using, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin. When the cover layer 25 is formed using such a resin, as an example, first, a resin material having fluidity that will later form the cover layer 25 is placed on the second base portion 42 and the conductive thin wires 31. Provide. In particular, a resin material having fluidity is provided on the base portion 40 so as to fill the grooves 45 of the base portion 40. Thereafter, the cover layer 25 can be formed by curing the resin material by irradiating ultraviolet rays or electron beams.

  Then, the light control layer 20 shown in FIG. 9 is produced by peeling the base material 49.

  Next, another modification of the light control layer 20 of the transparent heating plate 10 will be described with reference to FIG. In the illustrated example, the base member 49 and the base portion 40 in which the plurality of grooves 45 are formed are configured in the same manner as in the example illustrated in FIG.

  In the example shown in FIG. 13, the conductive thin wire 31 is formed in the first surface so as to cover at least a part of the first surface 42 a and the second surface 42 b of the second base part 42 in the groove 45. 42a and the 2nd surface 42b are contacted, and it is arranged on the 2nd base part 42. In particular, the conductive thin wire 31 covers the entire first surface 42 a of the second base portion 42. The conductive thin wire 31 extends on the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42 with a constant thickness. Further, in the illustrated example, the conductive thin wire 31 covers the entire surface of the second surface 42 b of the second base portion 42. The conductive thin wire 31 extends on the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 with a constant thickness. Furthermore, in the illustrated example, the conductive thin wire 31 is the second of the second base portion 42 located on one side (the upper side in FIG. 13) of the two second base portions 42 adjacent in the first direction d1. The surface 42b and the first surface 42a of the second base part 42 located on the other side (the lower side in FIG. 13) of the two second base parts 42 adjacent in the first direction d1 are fixed. It extends continuously in thickness. That is, the surface of the second base portion 42 provided on the first base portion 41 is covered with the conductive thin wires 31 except for the third surface 42c at the main cut surface. In other words, on the main cut surface of the conductive thin wire 31, the conductive thin wire 31 enters the groove 45 formed between the two second base portions 42 adjacent in the first direction d1 from the light exit side. It has a V-shaped cross-sectional shape that opens toward the light side.

  The conductive thin wire 31 is located on one side in the first direction d1 and is on the opposite side of the first surface 31a in contact with the second surface 42b of the second base portion 42 and one side in the first direction d1. The second surface 31b located on the other side and in contact with the first surface 42a of the second base portion 42, the third surface 31c forming the light incident side surface of the conductive thin wire 31, and the light emitting side of the conductive thin wire 31 And a fourth surface 31d forming a surface. In the illustrated example, the cross-sectional shape of the conductive thin wire 31 is constant along its longitudinal direction. Further, the plurality of thin conductive wires 31 are configured in the same manner and are arranged along the first direction d1 with a predetermined interval, particularly in the illustrated example, the same interval.

  In the example shown in FIG. 13, the first surface 31 a and the second surface 31 b of the conductive thin wire 31 approach each other from the light incident side toward the light output side. In particular, in the illustrated example, the first surface 31a of the conductive thin wire 31 is inclined so as to go from one side to the other side in the first direction d1 as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side, and the conductive thin wire The second surface 31b of 31 is inclined so as to go from the other side in the first direction d1 to the one side as it goes from the light incident side to the light outgoing side. The first surface 31 a of the conductive thin wire 31 forms the reflecting surface 35. Here, the angle θ of the first surface 31a (reflection surface 35) of the conductive thin wire 31 with respect to the normal direction to the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 (sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 0 ° or more and 20 ° or less. It can be.

  The width (maximum width) W along the normal direction to the plate surface of the transparent heating plate 10 of the conductive thin wire 31 (the sheet surface of the light control layer 20 and the sheet surface of the base portion 40) is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less. be able to. Further, the height (maximum height) H along the first direction d1 of the conductive thin wire 31 can be set to 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less. Preferably, the width W of the conductive thin wire 31 is larger than the height H of the conductive thin wire 31.

  The light control layer 20 having the configuration described with reference to FIG. 13 can be manufactured as follows as an example. 14-18 is a figure for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing method of the light control layer 20 shown in FIG.

  First, the base material 49 is prepared. Next, the base portion 40 having the plurality of grooves 45 is formed on the base material 49. FIG. 14 shows the base 49 formed on the base 49. The base portion 40 having the plurality of grooves 45 can be formed by molding using a mold having a plurality of convex portions, extrusion molding, injection molding, or the like.

  Next, as illustrated in FIG. 15, a resist layer 51 is formed on the third surface 42 c of each second base portion 42 of the base portion 40. The resist layer 51 can be formed, for example, by applying a resist material under conditions that do not enter the groove 45 and then heating and curing.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 16, a metal layer 52 is formed on the surfaces of the grooves 45 and the resist layer 51 of the base portion 40. The metal layer 52 can be formed by a known method. For example, a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) such as a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or an ion plating method, a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method), a liquid phase growth method such as a plating method, or these two methods. A method combining the above can be employed. As an example, first, an aluminum layer is formed on the surfaces of the grooves 45 and the resist layer 51 of the base portion 40 by vapor deposition, and then copper is electroplated using the aluminum layer as an electrode to form the aluminum layer on the aluminum layer. A copper layer can be provided, and the metal layer 52 can be formed from an aluminum layer and a copper layer.

  Thereafter, the resist layer 51 is dissolved and removed using a solution that dissolves the resist layer 51 without dissolving the base portion 40. At this time, as shown in FIG. 17, the portion of the metal layer 52 formed on the resist layer 51 is also removed together with the resist layer 51. Then, the conductive fine wire 31 is formed from the remaining metal layer 52.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 18, the cover layer 25 is formed so as to cover the second base portion 42 of the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wires 31 formed in the grooves 45 of the base portion 40. The cover layer 25 can be formed using, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin or an electron beam curable resin. When the cover layer 25 is formed using such a resin, as an example, first, a resin material having fluidity that will later form the cover layer 25 is placed on the second base portion 42 and the conductive thin wires 31. Provide. In particular, a resin material having fluidity is provided on the base portion 40 and the conductive thin wire 31 so as to fill a groove formed by the conductive thin wire 31 having a V-shaped cross-sectional shape. Thereafter, the cover layer 25 can be formed by curing the resin material by irradiating ultraviolet rays or electron beams.

  Then, the light control layer 20 shown in FIG. 13 is produced by peeling the base material 49.

  As another modification, in the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 13, the groove 45 has a substantially trapezoidal shape on the main cut surface. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the groove 45 may be other on the main cut surface. For example, a triangular shape (V shape), a rectangular shape, a U shape, or the like.

  In the above-described embodiment, the light control layer 20 is manufactured by peeling the base material 49. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the base material 49 is not peeled off in the light control layer 20 manufacturing process. It may be used as a part of the light control layer 20. In this case, it is preferable to use a material having a high visible light transmittance as the base material 49.

  In addition to windows for various buildings such as houses, offices, stores, hospitals, etc., the transparent heat generating plate 10 has a portion having a transparent portion that partitions the interior and the exterior, for example, a door (glass door), a partition, a wall surface. (Transparent wall) can also be used. Moreover, it is not restricted to what partitions the inside and the outside, such as a window, a door, and a partition, It can also be used for the general use for buildings, such as a window and a door which have a transparent part inside a building, a partition window of a bathtub, and a skylight.

  Furthermore, the transparent heat generating plate 10 may be used for a window of a vehicle such as an automobile, a railway, an aircraft, a ship, or a spacecraft.

  In addition, although several modifications with respect to embodiment mentioned above were demonstrated above, naturally, it is also possible to apply combining several modifications suitably.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Window 7 Power supply 10 Transparent heat generating board 10a 1st surface 10b 2nd surface 11 Board | substrate 12 Board | substrate 13 Bonding layer 14 Bonding layer 15 Wiring part 16 Bus bar 20 Light control layer 25 Cover layer 30 Heating conductor 31 Conductive thin wire 31a 1st Surface 31b Second surface 31c Third surface 31d Fourth surface 35 Reflective surface 39 Conductive paste 40 Base portion 41 First base portion 42 Second base portion 42a First surface 42b Second surface 42c Third surface 45 Groove 49 Base material 51 Resist layer 52 Metal layer d1 First direction d2 Second direction

Claims (4)

A transparent heat generating plate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface,
The transparent heat generating plate has a pair of substrates, and a heat generating conductor disposed between the pair of substrates,
The heat generating conductor is a plurality of conductive thin wires arranged in a first direction along a plate surface of the transparent heat generating plate, and a second direction not parallel to the first direction and parallel to the plate surface A transparent heat generating plate including a conductive thin wire having a reflecting surface extending to the first surface and reflecting light incident from the first surface side to the second surface side.   The transparent heat generating plate according to claim 1, wherein a width of the conductive thin wire along a normal direction to the plate surface is larger than a height of the conductive thin wire along the first direction. A pair of bus bars to which a voltage is applied;
The transparent heat generating plate according to claim 1, wherein the conductive thin wire of the heat generating conductor connects between the pair of bus bars.   The window provided with the transparent heat generating plate in any one of Claims 1-3.

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