JP2016192386A - Transparent heating plate, heater and window for house - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently generate heat on one side of a transparent heating plate.SOLUTION: A transparent heating plate 10 comprises: a first substrate 20 which has one or more layers; a second substrate 30 which has one or more layers; and a heating element 50 which is located between the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30 and generates heat with application of voltage. The reflectance of the layer forming one surface of the transparent heating plate 10 and included in the first substrate 20 is higher than the reflectance of the layer forming the other surface of the transparent heating plate 10 and included in the second substrate 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a transparent heat generating plate having a pair of substrates and a heating element disposed between the pair of substrates, and a heater and a house window having the transparent heat generating plate.

  Conventionally, as an electric heating panel heater used for a house window, for example, appliances described in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 are known. According to such an appliance, it is possible to exert functions such as heating and snow melting, defrosting, and anti-fogging functions by heating the heating wire in the panel and heating the appliance by resistance heating. .

JP 2002-299013 A JP 2010-251230 A

  The transparent heating plate of the prior art is manufactured by thermocompression bonding a pair of glass plates with a bonding layer and a heating wire interposed therebetween. Moreover, as a heating wire, the thin wires, such as the metal manufactured at the separate process, were used, and this thin wire was arrange | positioned between a pair of glass plates. Such a transparent heat generating plate is assumed to radiate heat from both sides. That is, it is assumed that the light is emitted from both of the pair of main surfaces of the transparent heat generating plate.

  By the way, depending on the use of the transparent heating plate, it may be sufficient to radiate heat only from the substrate on one side of the transparent heating plate. In the conventional transparent heating plate, not only one side that is desired to radiate for heating or melting snow, but also the side that does not need to be radiated, half of the radiation may be wasted. It was. The present invention has been made in consideration of such points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent heating plate that efficiently radiates from one side.

The transparent heating plate according to the present invention is
A first substrate having one or more layers;
A second substrate having one or more layers;
A heating plate located between the first substrate and the second substrate and generating heat when a voltage is applied thereto,
The reflectance of the layer that forms one surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the first substrate is the reflectance of the layer that forms the other surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the second substrate. Higher than reflectivity.

In the transparent heating plate according to the present invention,
The heating element includes a linear conductor formed in a pattern defining a plurality of opening regions,
The linear conductor may include two or more connecting elements extending between two branch points and defining the open area.

  The heating appliance according to the present invention includes any of the transparent heat generating plates according to the present invention described above.

  The residential window according to the present invention includes any of the transparent heat generating plates according to the present invention described above.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently radiate from one side of the transparent heating plate.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an embodiment according to the present invention, and schematically showing a window of a house provided with a transparent heat generating plate. FIG. 2 is a view showing the transparent heating plate from the normal direction of the plate surface. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the transparent heat generating plate taken along line III-III in FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the heating element from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing an example of the heating element. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the heating element from the normal direction of the sheet surface, and is a plan view showing another example of the heating element.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings attached to the present specification, for the sake of illustration and ease of understanding, the scale, the vertical / horizontal dimension ratio, and the like are appropriately changed and exaggerated from those of the actual product.

  In this specification, the “sheet surface (plate surface, film surface)” is a target sheet when the target sheet-shaped (plate-shaped, film-shaped) member is viewed as a whole and globally. It refers to the surface that coincides with the planar direction of the plate-like member (plate member, film-like member). Moreover, the normal direction with respect to a sheet-like (film shape, plate-shaped) member is a normal direction to the sheet surface (film surface, plate surface) of the sheet-shaped (film shape, plate-shaped) member. Point to.

  In addition, as used in this specification, the shape and geometric conditions and the degree thereof are specified, for example, terms such as “parallel”, “orthogonal”, “identical”, length and angle values, etc. are strictly Without being bound by meaning, it should be interpreted including the extent to which similar functions can be expected.

  FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 are diagrams for explaining an embodiment and its modification according to the present invention. Among these, FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a residential window provided with a transparent heat generating plate, FIG. 2 is a view of the transparent heat generating plate viewed from the normal direction of the plate surface, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the transparent heat generating plate of FIG. 2.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an example in which a window 1 as an example of a house window is configured with a transparent heat generating plate 10 will be described. Further, the window 1 is connected to a power source 7 around the window 1.

  The transparent heat generating plate 10 in the present embodiment is formed in a plate shape and has a first surface 10a and a second surface 10b facing each other as a pair of main surfaces. The transparent heat generating plate 10 is disposed so that the first surface 10a faces the outdoors and the second surface 10b faces the indoors when used as a heating appliance. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the transparent heat generating plate 10 includes first and second substrates 20 and 30, a sheet 40 with a heating element disposed between the first and second substrates 20 and 30, and It has a pair of joining layers 13 and 14 that join the substrates 20 and 30 and the sheet 40 with the heating element.

  The first substrate 20 includes an infrared reflective film 21 and a substrate glass 22. As shown in FIG. 3, the infrared reflective film 21 forms a first surface 10 a as one surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10, particularly the outer surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10. On the other hand, the second substrate 30 is made of a substrate glass 32, and the substrate glass 32 forms a second surface 10 b as an inner surface of the transparent heating plate 10.

  In order to energize the heating element 50, the sheet 40 with the heating element is provided on the base film 41, the heating element 50 provided on the surface of the base film 41 facing the first substrate 20 and including the linear conductor 51. And a pair of bus bars 45.

  As well shown in FIG. 2, the transparent heat generating plate 10 has a wiring portion 15 for energizing the heat generating element 50. In the illustrated example, the power source 7 energizes the heating element 50 through the bus bar 45 of the heating element-attached sheet 40 from the wiring portion 15 and causes the heating element 50 to generate heat by resistance heating. In the transparent heat generating plate 10 described here, the heat generated by the heat generating element 50 is suppressed from being radiated through the first surface 10a. In other words, the transparent heat generating plate 10 described here is devised so that more radiation is emitted from one of the pair of main surfaces 10a and 10b from the main surface 10b. This point will be described in detail later.

  The “transparent” of the transparent heat generating plate means that the transparent heat generating plate has transparency that allows the other side to be seen through from the one side of the transparent heat generating plate. For example, it means having a visible light transmittance of 20% or more, more preferably 70% or more. Visible light transmittance is the average of transmittance at each wavelength when measured within a measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JISK0115 compliant product). Specified as a value.

  Further, in the present specification, the terms “plate”, “sheet”, and “film” are not distinguished from each other only based on the difference in names. For example, “sheet with heating element” is a concept including a member that can be called a plate or a film. Therefore, “sheet with heating element” is “plate with heating element (substrate)” or “with heating element”. It cannot be distinguished from a member called “film” only by the difference in designation.

  Hereinafter, each component of the transparent heat generating plate 10 will be described.

  First, the first and second substrates 20 and 30 will be described. As described above, the first substrate 20 in the illustrated example is formed from a laminated body including the infrared reflective film 21 and the substrate glass 22, and the second substrate 30 is formed from the substrate glass 32.

  The substrate glasses 22 and 32 preferably have a high visible light transmittance when used for a house window as in the example shown in FIG. Examples of the material of the substrate glasses 22 and 32 include soda lime glass and blue plate glass. The substrate glasses 22 and 32 preferably have a transmittance of 90% or more in the visible light region. However, you may make visible light transmittance of this part low by coloring a part or the whole of substrate glass 22 and 32. In this case, it is possible to block direct sunlight and to make it difficult to visually recognize indoors from the outside.

  The substrate glasses 22 and 32 preferably have a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. With such a thickness, it is possible to obtain the substrate glasses 22 and 32 having excellent strength and optical characteristics. The substrate glasses 22 and 32 may be configured identically with the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

  Next, the infrared reflective film 21 will be described. As described above, the infrared reflecting film 21 forms the first surface 10 a that is the outer surface of the transparent heating plate 10. The infrared reflective film 21 is made of a film that is transparent to visible light but has a high reflectivity for far infrared light. Examples of such a film include a special metal film such as tin oxide and silver, which is also used in Low-e (Low emission) glass, and a dielectric multilayer film. Such an infrared reflective film 21 preferably has a thickness of 0.00001 mm to 1 mm.

  Here, the relationship between reflectance and emissivity will be described. In general, light incident on an object is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. That is, the sum of the reflectance, the absorptivity, and the transmittance is 100%. On the other hand, the absorptivity and emissivity are equal according to Kirchhoff's law. Further, in a general glass plate or transparent resin plate, the transmittance for far infrared rays having a wavelength of 5 μm or more is almost 0%. Therefore, on any surface of the transparent heat generating plate 10, the reflectance and absorption factor for far infrared rays, that is, the sum of the reflectance and the emissivity is almost 100%. From this relationship, when the infrared reflective film 21 is on the surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance is high and the emissivity is low. When the infrared reflective film 21 is not on the surface of the transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance is low. The emissivity is high.

  Specifically, the average emissivity when measuring far infrared rays having a wavelength of 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less of the infrared reflective film 21 can be set to about 18%. On the other hand, in the case of general glass used for the substrate glasses 22 and 32, the average emissivity when measured in the same wavelength region is about 90%. Therefore, the heat radiated from the first substrate 20 having the infrared reflecting film 21 is about one fifth of the heat radiated from the second substrate 30 made of only the substrate glass 32.

  That is, in the illustrated transparent heating plate 10, the reflectance of the infrared reflecting film 21 that is a layer that forms the first surface 10 a and is included in the first substrate 20 is a layer that forms the second surface 10 b. The reflectance of the substrate glass 32 that is a layer included in the second substrate 30 is higher. As a result, the heat generated by the heating element 50 is suppressed from being emitted from the first surface 10a formed by the infrared reflecting film 21. However, the reflectance of each layer is the reflectance with respect to light rays incident on the transparent heating plate 10 from the outside (air side).

  In addition, in this specification, an emissivity is the value measured using the spectral emissivity measuring device based on JISR1801, and is represented by 0 to 100%.

  In the above, a far infrared ray having a wavelength of 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less is assumed, and this corresponds to the wavelength of main light generated by black body radiation around 50 ° C. That is, it is assumed that the transparent heat generating plate 10 generates heat around 50 ° C. and radiates heat.

  Next, the bonding layers 13 and 14 will be described. The bonding layer 13 is disposed between the first substrate 20 and the sheet 40 with the heating element, and bonds the first substrate 20 and the sheet 40 with the heating element to each other. The bonding layer 14 is disposed between the second substrate 30 and the sheet 40 with the heating element, and bonds the second substrate 30 and the sheet 40 with the heating element to each other.

  As the bonding layers 13 and 14, layers made of materials having various adhesiveness or tackiness can be used. The bonding layers 13 and 14 preferably have a high visible light transmittance. As a typical joining layer, the layer which consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be illustrated. The thickness of the bonding layers 13 and 14 is preferably 0.15 mm or more and 1 mm or less, respectively. The pair of bonding layers 13 and 14 may be configured identically with the same material, or may be different from each other in at least one of the material and the configuration.

  The transparent heat generating plate 10 is not limited to the illustrated example, and may be provided with other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function. Further, one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions. For example, the first and second substrates 20 and 30 of the transparent heating plate 10, the bonding layers 13 and 14, and a heating element described later are included. Some function may be imparted to at least one of the base film 41 of the sheet 40. Examples of functions that can be imparted to the transparent heating plate 10 include an antireflection (AR) function, a hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, an ultraviolet shielding (reflection) function, and an antifouling function. Can do.

  Next, the sheet 40 with a heating element will be described. In order to energize the heating element 50, the sheet 40 with the heating element is provided on the base film 41, the heating element 50 provided on the surface of the base film 41 facing the first substrate 20 and including the linear conductor 51. And a pair of bus bars 45. The sheet 40 with a heating element has substantially the same planar dimensions as the first and second substrates 20 and 30. In FIG. 2, the heating element 50 is not shown.

  The base film 41 functions as a base material that supports the heating element 50. The base film 41 is an electrically insulating film that is transparent in general terms that transmits wavelengths in the visible light wavelength band (380 nm to 780 nm). The base film 41 may be made of any material as long as it transmits visible light and can appropriately support the heating element 50. For example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, etc. Can be mentioned. In addition, the base film 41 preferably has a thickness of 0.03 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less in consideration of light transmittance, appropriate supportability of the heating element 50, and the like.

  Next, the heating element 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. 4 and 5 are plan views of the sheet 40 with a heating element as viewed from the normal direction of the sheet surface. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement pattern of the linear conductors 51 that form the heating element 50. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of the arrangement pattern of the linear conductors 51 that form the heating element 50.

  The heating element 50 has a linear conductor 51 disposed between a pair of bus bars 45. The linear conductor 51 is energized from the power supply 7 through the wiring portion 15 and the bus bar 45 and generates heat by resistance heating. This heat is transmitted to the first and second substrates 20 and 30 through the bonding layers 13 and 14.

  The linear conductors 51 can be arranged in various patterns. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the heating element 50 is formed by arranging linear conductors 51 in a mesh pattern that defines a large number of openings 53. The heating element 50 includes a plurality of connecting elements 54 that extend between two branch points 52 and define an opening 53. That is, the linear conductor 51 of the heating element 50 is configured as a collection of a large number of connection elements 54 that form branch points 52 at both ends. In particular, in the illustrated example, at the branch point 52, the three connection elements 54 are connected at an equal angle, whereby a large number of honeycomb-shaped openings 53 of the same shape surrounded by the six connection elements 54 are defined. Yes.

  In the illustrated example, the heating element 50 has a mesh pattern in which honeycomb-shaped openings 53 having the same shape are regularly arranged. However, the heating element 50 is not limited to such a mesh pattern, and the same shape such as a triangle or a rectangle is used. Mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are regularly arranged, mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are regularly arranged, mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings 53 are irregularly arranged, such as Voronoi mesh For example, various mesh patterns can be used.

  Furthermore, the arrangement pattern of the heating elements 50 may not be a mesh pattern. The heating element 50 shown in FIG. 5 has a plurality of linear conductors 51 that connect a pair of bus bars 45. In the illustrated example, each of the plurality of linear conductors 51 extends from one bus bar 45 to the other bus bar 45 in a wavy line pattern. The plurality of linear conductors 51 are arranged away from each other in a direction non-parallel to the extending direction of the linear conductors 51. In particular, the plurality of linear conductors 51 are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the linear conductors 51. Thereby, a gap 55 is formed between two adjacent linear conductors 51. Each linear conductor 51 may extend between the pair of bus bars 45 in a pattern such as a straight line, a broken line, or a sine wave in addition to the wavy line pattern.

  Examples of the material for forming the linear conductor 51 of the heating element 50 include gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, tungsten, and these. One or more of these alloys can be exemplified. Alternatively, a conductive material having a high visible light transmittance, for example, a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) may be used as the material.

  As an example, the sheet 40 with a heating element can be manufactured by patterning a metal film provided on the base film 41 using a photolithography technique.

  The constituent elements of the transparent heat generating plate 10 have been described above. The transparent heat generating plate 10 is devised to suppress radiation from the first substrate 20. As a specific means, the reflectance of the layer that forms one surface 10a of the transparent heating plate 10 and is included in the first substrate 20 is the layer that forms the other surface 10b of the transparent heating plate 10 and is the second layer. The reflectance of the layer included in the substrate 30 is higher. That is, the reflectance of the infrared reflective film 21 that forms the first surface 10a is higher than the reflectance of the layer included in the second substrate 30 that forms the second surface 10b.

  Inside the transparent heating plate 10, the heat generated by the heating element 50 is transmitted to the first substrate 20 and the second substrate 30. Heat transfer can be achieved by, for example, heat conduction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side in each layer, as well as radiation in one of a pair of adjacent layers and absorption in the other. The first substrate 20 has an infrared reflection layer 21 having a higher reflectance than the layer forming the surface of the second substrate 30 on the surface. In other words, the first substrate 20 includes the infrared reflective layer 21 that is less likely to radiate and more difficult to reflect and absorb heat. Therefore, in the transparent heating plate 10, the heat generated by the heating element 50 is suppressed from being emitted from the first surface 10 a formed on the infrared reflecting film 21.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the transparent heat generating plate 10 includes the first substrate 20 having one or more layers, the second substrate 30 having one or more layers, the first substrate 20 and the second substrate. 30 and a heating element 50 that generates heat when a voltage is applied thereto, and is a layer forming one surface of the transparent heating plate 10, and the reflectance of the layer included in the first substrate 20 is The reflectance of the layer forming the other surface of the transparent heating plate 10 and included in the second substrate 30 is lower. According to such a transparent heat generating plate 10, heat radiation from the first surface 10a formed by the first substrate 20 can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, when using this transparent heat generating plate 10 as heating, it can radiate | emit efficiently from the side of one main surface. Specifically, as described above, the first substrate 20 side radiates only about one fifth of the heat of the second substrate 30 side. Therefore, the radiation efficiency on one side is about 1.7 times that of the conventional case where radiation is performed in the same manner from both sides. That is, power consumption is reduced to about 60%. Or if it is the same power consumption, compared with the conventional heat generating plate, the whole transparent heat generating plate 10 can be made into high temperature, and the amount of heat radiation can be increased. Furthermore, such a highly reflective layer has a high heat insulation effect. Therefore, when the transparent heat generating plate 10 is used as a window, not only can the indoor temperature move outside in the winter, but also the indoor temperature can be prevented from rising due to the heat rays from the outdoor in the summer. be able to.

  Furthermore, in the transparent heat generating plate 10 in the present embodiment, the heat generating element 50 is formed in a regular pattern. Since such a transparent heat generating plate 10 is easy to manufacture, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, since the linear conductors 51 are uniformly dispersed, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of uneven heat generation. In particular, the heating element 50 includes a linear conductor 51 formed in a pattern that defines a plurality of opening regions 53, and the linear conductor 51 extends between two branch points 52 to define the opening region 53. In the case where two or more connecting elements 54 are defined, such a heating element 50 maintains electrical connection even if it is disconnected at a certain location. It is.

  The transparent heat generating plate 10 can be used not only for a window for a house, but also for a part that divides a room and an outdoor area, such as a building or a store. Moreover, it can also be used for the purpose of defrosting, anti-fogging, etc. generally for residential use, such as a partition window and a skylight of a bathtub inside a house.

  Furthermore, the transparent heat generating plate 10 may be used for a window of a vehicle such as an automobile, a railway, an aircraft, a ship, or a spacecraft.

  Various changes can be made to the above-described embodiment.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the transparent heat generating plate 10 that functions as a heating appliance is installed as a window is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this example. The transparent heat generating plate 10 that functions as a heating appliance may be arranged indoors. According to the transparent heat generating plate 10, it can suppress radiating | emitting when it installs on the wall.

  In the above-described embodiment, when the transparent heat generating plate 10 is used as a heating appliance, an example is shown in which the first surface 10a faces the outdoors and the second surface 10b faces the indoors. You may install in the direction. That is, you may arrange | position so that the 1st surface 10a may face indoor, and the 2nd surface 10b may face the outdoors. In this case, since the surface which faces the outdoors is more radiated, it is used as a snow melting or defrosting instrument.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Window 7 Power supply 10 Transparent heating plate 13 Joining layer 14 Joining layer 15 Wiring part 20 1st board | substrate 21 Infrared reflective film 22 Substrate glass 30 Second board 32 Substrate glass 40 Sheet 41 with a heating element Base film 45 Busbar 50 Heating element 51 Linear conductor 52 Branch point 53 Opening 54 Connection element 55 Gap

Claims (4)

A first substrate having one or more layers;
A second substrate having one or more layers;
A heating plate located between the first substrate and the second substrate and generating heat when a voltage is applied thereto,
The reflectance of the layer that forms one surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the first substrate is the reflectance of the layer that forms the other surface of the transparent heating plate and is included in the second substrate. A transparent heating plate that is higher than the reflectance. The heating element includes a linear conductor formed in a pattern defining a plurality of opening regions,
The transparent heat generating plate according to claim 1, wherein the linear conductor includes two or more connection elements extending between two branch points to define the opening region.   The heating appliance provided with the transparent heat generating board as described in any one of Claim 1 or 2.   A residential window provided with the transparent heating plate according to claim 1.

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