JP6202031B2 - 排気浄化制御装置 - Google Patents
排気浄化制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6202031B2 JP6202031B2 JP2015066214A JP2015066214A JP6202031B2 JP 6202031 B2 JP6202031 B2 JP 6202031B2 JP 2015066214 A JP2015066214 A JP 2015066214A JP 2015066214 A JP2015066214 A JP 2015066214A JP 6202031 B2 JP6202031 B2 JP 6202031B2
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F01N2900/1614—NOx amount trapped in catalyst
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0806—NOx storage amount, i.e. amount of NOx stored on NOx trap
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- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0808—NOx storage capacity, i.e. maximum amount of NOx that can be stored on NOx trap
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- F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Description
まず、本実施形態に係るディーゼルエンジン(以下、単にエンジンという)の概略構成について説明する。図1はエンジン1及びその制御系統の概略構成図である。
この例のエンジン1には、ターボチャージャ(過給機)5が設けられている。ターボチャージャ5は、タービンシャフト51によって連結されたタービンホイール52及びコンプレッサインペラ53を備えている。コンプレッサインペラ53は吸気管64内部に臨んで配置され、タービンホイール52は排気管73内部に臨んで配置されている。そして、ターボチャージャ5は、タービンホイール52が受ける排気流(排気圧)を利用してコンプレッサインペラ53を回転させて吸気圧を高めるといった、いわゆる過給動作を行う。
また、エンジン1には、HPL−EGR機構(高圧EGR機構)8及びLPL−EGR機構(低圧EGR機構)9を備えたMPL−EGRシステムが設けられている。HPL−EGR機構8は、高圧EGR通路81と高圧EGRバルブ82とを備えている。LPL−EGR機構9は、低圧EGR通路91と、低圧EGRバルブ92と、低圧EGRクーラ93とを備えている。
エンジン1の各部位には、各種センサが取り付けられており、それぞれの部位の環境条件や、エンジン1の運転状態に関する信号を出力する。
ECU100は、図示しないCPU(Central Processing Unit)、ROM(Read Only Memory)、RAM(Random Access Memory)等からなるマイクロコンピュータと入出力回路とを備えている。
一般的にディーゼルエンジン1においては、大部分の運転領域で排気の空燃比はリーン空燃比となり、通常の運転状態ではNSR触媒75の周囲雰囲気は酸素濃度の高い状態になって、排気中のNOxがNSR触媒75に吸蔵される。そして、NSR触媒75の周囲雰囲気が低酸素濃度となる状況は非常に少ないため、NOxの吸蔵量は徐々に増大し、それにつれてNSR触媒75のNOx吸蔵能力が低下してゆく。そこで、エンジン運転状態などに基づいて推定されるNOx吸蔵量が所定の閾値を超える場合(触媒再生条件が成立した場合)に、燃料添加弁26からの燃料添加(またはインジェクタ23からのポスト噴射)によって排気中に燃料を供給することにより、排気空燃比を一時的にリッチ化するリッチスパイク運転を行ってNOx触媒75を再生する(NOx還元制御)。
第1閾値M1は、この種のNOx還元制御において通常設定される値であって、NSR触媒75のNOx吸蔵能力が飽和するNOx吸蔵量よりも所定量だけ小さい値(NOx吸蔵量)が設定されている。
第2閾値M2は、上記した通常の第1閾値M1よりも大きな値(上記NOx吸蔵量の飽和量よりも小さな値)であって、通常の第1閾値M1(NOx吸蔵量)よりも、さらに多いNOx吸蔵量の領域(図3に示す未処理NOx流出大の領域)を判別するための閾値である。第2閾値M2は、図3に示す未処理NOx流出大の領域でのNSR触媒75の温度特性、つまりNSR触媒75の触媒床温が高くなるほどNOx吸蔵量が少なくなるという点を考慮して、NSR触媒75の触媒床温が高くなるほど小さな値となるように設定されている。
NOx吸蔵量の推定はECU100において実行される。NOx吸蔵量の推定方法としては、エンジン回転速度とインジェクタ23からの燃料噴射量とに応じたNOx吸蔵量を予め実験やシミュレーションにより求めてマップ化しておき、このマップにより求められるNOx吸蔵量を積算するという方法が挙げられる。また、前回のNOx還元制御終了時点からの車両走行距離、または、総燃料噴射量によってNOx吸蔵量を推定するといった方法も挙げられる。なお、ECU100において実行されるNOx吸蔵量の推定処理が、本発明の「NOx吸蔵量取得手段」としての処理に相当する。
次に、ECU100が実行するNOx還元制御の一例について、図4のフローチャートを参照して説明する。この制御ルーチンは周期的に実行される。なお、ECU100は、エンジン1の運転中において上記した処理によってNSR触媒75へのNOx吸蔵量を推定している。
以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、NOx触媒75へのNOx吸蔵量が多くて第2閾値M2を超える場合には、NOx吸蔵量が第2閾値M2以下にある場合よりもリーン側の排気空燃比でリッチスパイク運転を開始する。このようにNOx触媒75へのNOx吸蔵量が多い状態のときには、リッチスパイク運転の開始時(運転初期)のリッチ空燃比をリーン側にする(通常のリッチスパイク運転時におけるリッチ度合よりも浅く設定する)ことにより、NOx触媒75から放出されるNOxの放出量を抑えることができる。これにより、未処理NOxの流出量を減らすことができ、排気エミッションの悪化を抑制することができる。しかも、第2閾値M2を、未処理NOx流出大の領域でのNSR触媒75の温度特性に合わせて、NSR触媒75の触媒床温が高くなるほど小さな値となるように設定しているので、未処理NOxの流出量をより効果的に減らすことができる。
なお、今回開示した実施形態は、すべての点で例示であって、限定的な解釈の根拠となるものではない。したがって、本発明の技術的範囲は、上記した実施形態のみによって解釈されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲の記載に基づいて画定される。また、本発明の技術的範囲には、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれる。
7 排気系
26 燃料添加弁
75 NSR触媒(NOx吸蔵還元型の触媒)
100 ECU
Claims (3)
- 排気系にNOx吸蔵還元型触媒が設けられた内燃機関の排気浄化制御装置であって、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の触媒温度を取得する触媒温度取得手段と、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の上流の排気空燃比を取得する空燃比取得手段と、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒へのNOx吸蔵量を取得するNOx吸蔵量取得手段と、
前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の上流の排気中に燃料を供給する燃料供給手段と、
前記触媒温度が所定温度を超えた状態で、前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒へのNOx吸蔵量が第1閾値を超え、かつ前記第1閾値よりも大きい第2閾値以下である場合には、前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒の上流における目標排気空燃比を所定のリッチ空燃比に設定して燃料供給量を制御し、前記触媒温度が所定温度を超えた状態で前記NOx吸蔵還元型触媒へのNOx吸蔵量が前記第2閾値を超える場合には、前記目標空燃比を前記所定のリッチ空燃比よりもリーン側の空燃比である弱リッチ空燃比に設定して燃料供給量を制御するリッチスパイク運転を行うリッチスパイク運転制御手段と、
を備えていることを特徴とする排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の排気浄化制御装置において、
前記触媒へのNOx吸蔵量が前記第2閾値を超える状態から前記リッチスパイク運転を開始する場合は、当該リッチスパイク運転の開始から所定時間が経過した時点で排気空燃比を前記リッチスパイク運転の開始時の排気空燃比よりもリッチ側に変化させることを特徴とする排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1または2記載の排気浄化制御装置において、
前記第2閾値は、前記触媒温度が高いほど小さくなるように設定されることを特徴とする排気浄化制御装置。
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