JP5964746B2 - Dna−細胞コンジュゲート - Google Patents
Dna−細胞コンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- JP5964746B2 JP5964746B2 JP2012504866A JP2012504866A JP5964746B2 JP 5964746 B2 JP5964746 B2 JP 5964746B2 JP 2012504866 A JP2012504866 A JP 2012504866A JP 2012504866 A JP2012504866 A JP 2012504866A JP 5964746 B2 JP5964746 B2 JP 5964746B2
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0006—Modification of the membrane of cells, e.g. cell decoration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6901—Conjugates being cells, cell fragments, viruses, ghosts, red blood cells or viral vectors
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Description
本出願は、全ての目的のために全体として本明細書に援用される、2009年4月8日に出願された米国出願第61/167,748号、及び2009年9月16日に出願された米国出願第61/243,123号の優先権を主張する。
本研究は、米国エネルギー省によって承認され、エネルギー省、及び科学局、基礎エネルギー科学局のナノスケールサイエンスエンジニアリング及びテクノロジー(NSET)プログラムによって支援された助成金番号DE−AC02−05CH11231により、国立衛生研究所によって承認されたHG003329及びR01GM072700により、並びに国立衛生研究所の分子生物物理学訓練助成金T32GM08295により、政府支援に基づいてなされた。合衆国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
該当なし
I.一般
本発明は、代謝工学を必要とせずに、細胞表面上の天然の官能基を介して、DNAを細胞に共有的に連結させることによって調製される細胞−DNAコンジュゲートの最初の例を提供する。細胞壁を持たない哺乳動物細胞及び他の細胞について、DNAは、リジンアミンなどの、細胞表面のアミノ酸に直接共有結合される。細胞壁を持たない植物細胞及び他の細胞について、細胞の表面上の糖類は、アルデヒド又はケトンを形成するように、例えば酸化によって最初に修飾され、次にDNAで修飾される。
「細胞」は、生命の基本的な機能的単位を意味し、原核細胞及び真核細胞の両方を含む。細胞は、核又は核様体を有する内部、及び細胞膜(細胞表面)によって特徴付けられる。細胞はまた細胞壁を有してもよい。細胞壁を持たない細胞は、真核細胞、哺乳動物細胞、及び幹細胞を含む。細胞壁を有する原核細胞及び植物細胞を含む。他の細胞は、本発明において有用である。
1)アラニン(A)、グリシン(G);
2)アスパラギン酸(D)、グルタミン酸(E);
3)アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q);
4)アルギニン(R)、リジン(K);
5)イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、バリン(V);
6)フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、トリプトファン(W);
7)セリン(S)、スレオニン(T);及び
8)システイン(C)、メチオニン(M)
(例えば、Creighton,Proteins(1984)参照)。
本発明は、細胞−DNAコンジュゲート及びコンジュゲートを製造するための方法を提供する。
本発明は、核酸部分と、細胞壁を持たない細胞とのコンジュゲートを提供する。コンジュゲートは、細胞表面上に天然の官能基を介して細胞表面に核酸部分を共有的に連結させることによって形成される。本発明のコンジュゲートに使用される細胞は任意の細胞であってもよく、核酸部分をコンジュゲートするために官能基を導入する代謝工学を必要としない。
−アミン反応性+スルフヒドリル反応性架橋剤。
−カルボニル反応性+スルフヒドリル反応性架橋剤。
−アミン反応性+光反応性架橋剤。
−スルフヒドリル反応性+光反応性架橋剤。
−カルボニル反応性+光反応性架橋剤。
−カルボン酸塩反応性+光反応性架橋剤。
−アルギニン反応性+光反応性架橋剤。
1.アミノ反応性:アミン(NH2)含有分子への架橋剤カップリング。
2.チオール反応性:スルフヒドリル(SH)含有分子への架橋剤カップリング。
3.カルボン酸塩反応性:カルボン酸(COOH)含有分子への架橋剤カップリング。
4.ヒドロキシル反応性:ヒドロキシル(−OH)含有分子への架橋剤カップリング。
5.アルデヒド及びケトン反応性:アルデヒド(−CHO)又はケトン(R2CO)含有分子への架橋剤カップリング。
6.活性水素反応性。
7.光反応性。
1.イソチオシアネート、イソシアネート、アシルアジド、NHSエステル、スルホニルクロリド、アルデヒド及びグリオキサル、エポキシド及びオキシラン、カーボネート、アリール化剤、イミドエステル、カルボジイミド、無水物、アルキン。
2.ハロアセチル及びハロゲン化アルキル誘導体、マレイミド、アジリジン、アクリロイル誘導体、アリール化剤、チオールジスルフィド交換試薬。
3.ジアゾアルカン及びジアゾアセチル化合物、例えば、カルボニルジイミダゾール及びカルボジイミド。
4.エポキシド及びオキシラン、カルボニルジイミダゾール、過ヨウ素酸塩を用いた酸化、N,N’−ジスクシンイミジルカーボネート又はN−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドクロロホルメート、酵素的酸化、アルキルハロゲン、イソシアネート。
5.シッフ塩基形成又は還元アミノ化のためのヒドラジン誘導体。
6.マンニッヒ縮合及びヨウ素化反応のためのジアゾニウム誘導体。
7.アリールアジド及びハロゲン化アリールアジド、ベンゾフェノン、ジアゾ化合物、ジアジリン誘導体。
また、本発明は、核酸部分と細胞壁を有する細胞とのコンジュゲート、及びそれを製造する方法を提供する。いくつかの態様では、本発明は、細胞壁を有する細胞と核酸部分とのコンジュゲートを提供し、ここで、核酸部分は細胞に共有結合される。他の態様では、核酸部分は、細胞表面に共有結合される。
また、本発明は、本発明のコンジュゲートを含む基質表面及びデバイスを提供する。いくつかの態様では、本発明は、第1の核酸部分に共有結合される天然の官能基を含む細胞表面を有する細胞を含むデバイスを提供する。また、このデバイスは、第1の核酸部分に相補的な第2の核酸部分を含む基質表面を含み、それにより、細胞は、第1及び第2の核酸部分の核酸二重鎖の形成を介して基質表面に結合される。
本発明はまた、本発明の核酸−細胞コンジュゲートの形成に適した活性化された核酸部分、及び相補的核酸部分を有する基質表面を有するキットを提供する。いくつかの態様では、本発明は、細胞表面の天然の官能基への供給結合に適した活性化された核酸部分、及び該活性化された核酸部分に相補的な核酸部分を含む基質表面を提供する。活性化された核酸部分は粉末であってもよく、又は溶液中にあってもよい。また、キットは当業者に知られている緩衝溶液、及び核酸−細胞コンジュゲートを形成し、次に、該核酸−細胞コンジュゲートを、基質表面上の核酸部分を介して基質表面に結合させるための他の溶液を含んでもよい。
実施例1.リジン天然官能基を介した細胞壁を持たない細胞へのDNAのコンジュゲーション
全ての細胞培養試薬は、特記がなければ、Gibco/Invitrogen Corp(Carlsbad,CA)から購入した。細胞培養は、標準的な技術を用いて行われた。Jurkat細胞は、10%(v/v)牛胎仔血清(FBS,Hyclone)及び1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(P/S,Sigma)を捕捉したRPMI培地1640中でT−25培養フラスコ(Corning,米国)において増殖させた。MCF−7細胞は、1%非必須アミノ酸及び10%牛胎仔血清+1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンを捕捉したDMEM中で増殖させた。MDA−MB−231細胞は、MCF−7細胞と同じ条件であるが、非必須アミノ酸なしで増殖させた。
C1:5’−GTA ACG ATC CAG CTG TCA CT−3’(配列番号1)
M1:5’−AGT GAC AGC TGG ATC GTT AC−3’(配列番号2)
C2:5’−TC A TAC GAC TCA CTC TAG GG−3’(配列番号3)
M2:5’−CCC TAG AGT GAG TCG TAT GA−3’(配列番号4)
C3:5’−ACT GAC TGA CTG ACT GAC TG−3’(配列番号5)
M3:5’−CAG TCA GTC AGT CAG TCA GT−3’(配列番号6)
DNAは、以下の手法によって、EDCカップリング化学を用いて細胞にコンジュゲートされた:
1.5ミクロンの細胞を採取し、10mLのPBSで2回洗浄する。
2.0.366gのEDCを19.06mLのPBSに溶解させる。
3.0.452gのNHSをEDC溶液に添加する。
4.pHが7近辺であることを確認する(通常はそうである)。
5.このEDC/NHS溶液を1mL採取し、200μLの80μMアミン−ssDNA(1×SSC中)を添加する。
6.室温で30分〜1時間インキュベートする。
7.10mLの1%FBS/PBSで3回洗浄する。
8.50〜100μLの1%FBS/PBSに再懸濁させ、スライドに載せるために準備をする。
細胞壁を持つ細胞上での表面曝露されたジオール類(リポ多糖、リポタイコ酸など)の酸化。1mLのダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(DPBS)中の細胞(105〜107個)を遠心分離を用いてリンスする。DPBS中の0.5〜5mMのNaIO4の2mLに細胞を懸濁し、20分間、軌道振とうしながら37℃に置いた。低濃度の過ヨウ素酸塩は、藻類及び酵母などの原核生物には必要である。DPBS中の1mLの0.1Mグルコースを用いて過ヨウ素酸塩を中和する。細胞を遠心分離して沈殿させ、2×1mLのDPBS、1×1mL pH6のMOPS緩衝液で洗浄する(下記参照)。
DNA鎖の細胞への結合、及びDNAをプリントした表面へのそれらの固定のための一般的なプロトコールは以下の通りであった:修飾の直前に、5×106個のJurkat細胞の試料は、PBSを用いて3回洗浄し、培地からいずれのタンパク質を除去した。最終リンス後、追加のPSを添加し、体積を5mLにした(1×106細胞/mL)。次に、細胞懸濁物は、30μLの5’−チオールssDNA(C2配列)から合成及び精製された1mLのNHS−DNA(11.7μM)溶液と反応した。混合物は、室温にて30分間反応させ、次に1%FBS含有PBSを用いて3回洗浄した。その後、細胞は、1%FBS含有PBSの0.5mLに再懸濁された。
微小デバイスは、代謝分析のためおpH感受性微小電極のアレイ上で単一細胞のDNAバーコード指向された捕捉用に開発された。細胞は、膜結合の一本鎖DNAを用いて修飾され、特定の単一細胞捕捉は、微小流体チャネル内の酸化イリジウムpH微小電極のセンサー領域に結合された捕捉鎖によって指向される。この二機能性微小電極アレイは、pHモニタリング、並びに初代T細胞及びJurkatTリンパ球の分化について実証される。単一のJurkat細胞は、11ミリpH/分の細胞外酸性速度を示し、一方、初代T細胞はたった2ミリpH/分を示した。このシステムを用いて、特異的に非接着細胞を捕捉し、代謝特性の変化に基づく異種案産物における視覚的に同じ健常な細胞と癌性細胞との間を区別することができる。本明細書に示されている二機能性微小電極は、本発明の組成を用いて作製されたデバイスが、選択的に細胞を捕捉し、それらの電気的及び代謝的活性を測定する能力をどのようにして持つのかを示す。DNA−バーコード捕捉を用いて、接着細胞と自然な非接着細胞とが同じデバイス上で研究され得る。さらに、このように捕捉された細胞は活性化されない。アレイフォーマットは、混合物から細胞間を直接区別でき、単一細胞特性における変化、及びその細胞が全体にどのように寄与するかを示す。制御された単一細胞の電気化学的測定は、細胞活性の多重な細胞内分析を可能にする名のスケールの細胞接触面を用いることを指摘する。
単一細胞分析は、同系細胞集団内で遺伝子発現の変化を理解するための強力なアプローチである。マイクロアレイ及び遺伝子発現の連続分析などの伝統的な遺伝子発現分析は、単一細胞レベルでの変化、及び大多数の細胞のアンサンブル平均挙動に関する単なる記録を分析するには十分感受性でない。最近、多種の高感度であり、特殊化された技術が、単一細胞における遺伝子発現を探査するために開発されている。これらのアプローチの多くはリアルタイムモニタリングの利点を提供するが、必要されるプロトコールは困難であり、多くの場合、細胞操作を必要とし、限定された多重化能力を有する。
糖質上のアルデヒド又はケトンを介して非動物細胞へのオリゴヌクレオチド結合に適用される本発明の原理を用いて、水素生成効率を研究及び最適化することができる。デバイスに対するオリゴヌクレオチドの捕捉及び結合により、チップ上でパターン化された細胞及び酵素の作製を可能にする。システムにおいて、電気へん水素ガスの変換は、水素生成を測定する。電流生成を介した直接的な水素生成の測定は、従来の測定と比較して、水素生成に対する潜在的に高い感受性のために有利である(培養の上部空間のGS表示を参照)。このような研究及び作動に対する本発明の利点には、デバイス上の細胞の正確な配置を伴う結合及び制御インプリシットを含み、次に、燃料電池は再利用可能であり、また燃料及びカーボンエネルギーの利用において高効率である。例えば、自立型燃料電池デバイスは、異なる光合成電池のパターン化された層を用いて構築することができ、この場合、電池は、太陽スペクトルの重ならない部分において太陽光を吸収し、さらに、隣接層の光合成電池によって作られたバイオマスを供給し、利用する窒素固定生物の代替層(単数又は複数)を組み込む。消耗した場合、オリゴヌクレオチドハイブリダイゼーションによって結合された細胞を有する燃料電池は加熱され、オリゴヌクレオチドは脱ハイブリダイズし、死細胞は洗い出される。表面は、デバイス表面上の相補的オリゴヌクレオチドに再度結合する新鮮な修飾された細胞を用いて全体がリンスされる。しかしながら、ゾルゲル包埋された細胞を有するゾルゲルデバイスは廃棄され、同じように再使用することはできないが、この代謝回転はそれらの標的とされた応答に適している場合がある。
力支配の細胞−細胞間接着は、多くの生物学的プロセスに極めて重要であり、細胞分化、組織成長、腫瘍形成、及び脊椎動物の免疫応答の適切な機能化が挙げられる。これらの相互作用の強度は、典型的には、吸入マイクロピペットなどの力測定を可能にするプローブへの単一の生細胞の結合を介して特徴付けられる。ごく細菌、光学ピンセットが単一細胞の捕捉、及び高精度でこれらの力の測定に適用されているが、この技術は、ピコニュートンレンジでの力を適用することに限定される。原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)は、これらの方法に魅力的に代わるものを提供し、それは、ピコニュートンからナノニュートンで力を定量することができるためであり、この技術は、単一の生細胞の機械的特性を測定し、単一細胞レベルでの接着力を研究するために実際に使用されている。いくつかの基本的な接着測定は、細胞表面上で糖質部分に結合するフィブロネクチン又はレクチンを用いてAFMカンチレバーを被覆することによって達成されているが、特に、後者の場合には、細胞結合分子それ自体が、評価される細胞統制に影響を及ぼし得るある程度の細胞毒性を有することが報告されている。このようにして、これらの研究は、細胞受容体−リガンド相互作用の測定についてAFMの用途を強調するが、拡大された一連のカンチレバー結合法は、幅広く変化する時間スケールに対して、細胞−細胞間相互作用の研究に必要とされる。
A:5’−TCA TAC GAC TCA CTC TAG GG−3’(配列番号23)
A:5’−CCC TAG AGT GAG TCG TAT GA−3’(配列番号24)
多価の標的送達ビヒクルのためのウイルスキャプシドの修飾。多価であり、標的とされた送達ビヒクルは、薬物投与及び診断画像のために大きな保証を与える。多数のコア足場、例えば、ポリマー、デンドリマー、無機ナノ粒子、及びリポソームは、これらの応用における顕著な成功をもって使用されてきた。生体分子に基づくベクターに関して、操作された熱ショックケージ及びウイルスキャプシドはまた、それらの内側に薬物分子を収納するように開発されてきた。これらの担体タイプの各々について、非常に重要な検討事項は、担体と標的とされた組織タイプの選択的関連性を可能にする受容体結合グループの設置である。この目的のための最も共通した分子ストラテジーは、葉酸、コバラミン、糖質、ペプチド及び抗体、並びに核酸アプタマーを伴っている。これらの分子の豊富な化学的多様性は、組成物を変化させるための足場に各々の複数コピーを付着させる希望に加えて、見事に官能化された基の寛容、及び生理学的条件下で進められる化学的反応を要求する。
A:5’−TCATACGACTCACTCTAGGGA−3’(配列番号7)
B:5’−ATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGGAAAATACTGTACGGTTAGA−3’(配列番号8)
C:5’−CCCTAGAGTGAGTCGTATGACCCTAGAGTGAGTCGTATGAA−3’(配列番号9)。
配列
配列番号1
GTA ACG ATC CAG CTG TCA CT
配列番号2
AGT GAC AGC TGG ATC GTT AC
配列番号3
TCA TAC GAC TCA CTC TAG GG
配列番号4
CCC TAG AGT GAG TCG TAT GA
配列番号5
ACT GAC TGA CTG ACT GAC TG
配列番号6
CAG TCA GTC AGT CAG TCA GT
配列番号7
TCATACGACTCACTCTAGGGA
配列番号8
ATCTAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGGAAAATACTGTACGGTTAGA
配列番号9
CCCTAGAGTGAGTCGTATGACCCTAGAGTGAGTCGTATGAA
Claims (17)
- アジド官能化糖を有する代謝工学の生成物ではない天然の官能基を含む表面を有する細胞であって、細胞壁を持たない細胞;及び
該天然の官能基に共有結合される核酸部分
を含む組成物。 - 細胞が初代細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 細胞が哺乳動物細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 細胞が幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 天然の官能基が、リジン、システイン、チロシン、スレオニン、セリン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸及びトリプトファンからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 天然の官能基がリジンを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 核酸部分が、オリゴヌクレオチド、DNA、RNA、PNA及びアプタマーからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 核酸部分が一本鎖DNAを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 核酸部分が約10〜約200個の核酸を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 核酸部分がアプタマーを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 核酸部分がリンカーを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 細胞表面上にリジンを含む哺乳動物細胞;及び
アミドを介してリジンに共有結合される一本鎖デオキシ核酸
を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 細胞と活性化された核酸部分とを接触させることを含む、細胞と核酸部分とのコンジュゲートを製造するための方法であって、ここで、細胞は、アジド官能化糖を有する代謝工学の生成物ではない天然の官能基を含む表面を有し、細胞は細胞壁を持たず、それにより核酸部分が天然の官能基に共有結合される方法。
- 活性化された核酸部分が活性化エステルを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物細胞と活性化された核酸部分とを接触させることを含み、ここで、天然の官能基がリジンを含み、活性化された核酸部分がNHS−エステルを含み、それにより核酸部分がアミド結合形成によって天然の官能基に共有結合される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 細胞表面の天然の官能基への共有結合に適した活性化された核酸部分;及び
活性化された核酸部分に相補的な核酸部分を含む基質表面であって、該天然の官能基がアジド官能化糖を有する代謝工学の生成物ではない基質表面
を含むキット。 - 細胞表面に由来し、第1の核酸部分に共有結合された天然の官能基を含む細胞表面を有する細胞;及び
細胞が第1及び第2の核酸部分の核酸二重鎖の形成を介して基質表面に結合するように、第1の核酸部分に相補的な第2の核酸部分を含む基質表面
を含むデバイスであって、ここで、細胞が細胞壁を持たず、該天然の官能基がアジド官能化糖を有する代謝工学の生成物ではないデバイス。
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