JP5886042B2 - 分子ふるいをベースとするscr触媒の使用下での炭化水素を含有する排気ガス中の窒素酸化物を減少する方法 - Google Patents
分子ふるいをベースとするscr触媒の使用下での炭化水素を含有する排気ガス中の窒素酸化物を減少する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
一方で、エンジン内の燃焼の校正はもはや、燃焼特性曲線の極端な点の1つでの費用のかかる排気ガス後処理段階を節約する目的では行われず、排出物としての粒子及びHC並びに窒素酸化物が等しく許容される性能の最適化の観点によって行われる(図1の点(3)参照)。これは排気ガス後処理システムの所定のHC基本負荷量を前提とし、この場合、この排気ガスは、今まで通常の、SCRシステムにおいて使用される粒子(及びHC)の回避に関して校正された適用の場合に使用されたものよりも既に明らかに高められたHC濃度を有する。他方で、このディーゼル粒子フィルタは、規則的な間隔で再生しなければならず、これは特に粒子負荷量の制御された燃焼によって行われる。このために、前記フィルタは、煤発火点より高い温度に加熱しなければならない。この加熱(いわゆる「ヒートアップ」)は、シリンダの排出ピストン行程中で又は排気ガス系統中での燃料の後噴射により及び未燃焼の炭化水素の酸化触媒(いわゆる「ヒートアップ触媒」)での接触反応により行われる。大抵は、前方に配置されたディーゼル酸化触媒が「ヒートアップ触媒」の機能を担う。システムSCR−DOC−DPFの場合のようにこの触媒が装備されていない場合に、触媒調整に応じて、SCR触媒も「ヒートアップ」機能を担うことができる。いずれの場合でも、フィルタ再生の間にSCR触媒の前方でより高いHC濃度が生じる、それというのも点火後に噴射される炭化水素は「ヒートアップ」の間で触媒によって完全には燃焼されないためである。SCR触媒がディーゼル酸化触媒及びディーゼル粒子フィルタの前方に配置されているSCRT(登録商標)システムの場合には、所定の走行時間の後にさらにSCR触媒のHCの一定負荷が生じ、この一定負荷はディーゼル酸化触媒及び場合により接触被覆されたフィルタ中での酸化機能の水熱劣化が原因である。
2 NH3 + NO + NO2 → 2N2 + 3 H2O
の化学量論により、0.5のNO2/NOx比でだけ達成される。これは、鉄交換ゼオライトをベースとするSCR触媒について通用するだけではなく、全ての慣用の、市販のSCR触媒についても通用する。
実施例1 − 触媒の一般的製造
最大4.2Åの最大の下方の通路幅を有するゼオライトを、Loedige混合機中で銅及び/又は鉄で含浸させる。乾燥後に、この粉末を500℃で2時間か焼させる。この粉末又はこの異なる粉末の混合物を水中に懸濁させ、結合剤を添加する(SiO2ゾル10質量%、市場で入手可能)。引き続き、得られたウォッシュコートでモノリス触媒基材を被覆し、500℃で2時間後か焼する。このモノリスから、モデルガス試験用の穿孔芯を取り出す。この処置の後に、図3における実施例3(Cu5%を有するフェリエライト)について及び図4の比較例(Cu5%を有するベータ)について触媒を製造した。
酸化ケイ素及び酸化アルミニウムをベースとする結合剤(SiO2ゾル、市場で入手可能;ベーマイト、市場で入手可能)からなる混合物を水中に装入する。これに、SCR触媒の基礎となる、最大4.2Åの最大の下方の通路幅を有するゼオライトを懸濁させる。引き続き、この懸濁液に、所望の金属含有量に相応する量の適切な鉄塩及び/又は銅塩を添加する。粉砕後に、こうして得られたウォッシュコートをモノリス基材の被覆のために使用し、被覆された基材をか焼する。このモノリスから、モデルガス試験用の穿孔芯を取り出す。この方法を、図5〜8に示したFeフェリエライトの製造のため、及び相応する比較例(Fe−ベータ、同様に図5〜8)の製造のために使用した。
試験すべき実施例1により製造された穿孔芯を、水熱劣化(750℃で16時間、O2 10%、H2O 10%、N2平衡、空間速度2200h-1)によりモデルガス試験中で調査した。このために、150℃〜500℃の温度範囲での降下する温度順序で、NOx転化率(NO 500ppm、NH3 450ppm、H2O 1.3体積%、O2 5体積%、N2平衡、空間速度30000h-1で)を定常条件下で測定した。この試験を、供給ガス中でのプロペン200ppm及びCO200ppmの存在で1回実施し、前記物質の不在で1回実施した。
実施例2により製造された穿孔芯を、水熱劣化(650℃で48時間、O2 10%、H2O 10%、N2平衡、空間速度2200h-1)により、5つの段階からなるモデルガス試験において調査した。
・ 段階I:炭化水素なしでのNOx転化率の測定(T=300℃、NO 250ppm、NO2 250ppm、NH3 500ppm、O2 5体積%、H2O 1.3体積%、N2 平衡、空間速度50000h-1)。
・ 段階II:時間1800s。段階Iからの供給ガスに、C1 1000ppmを有するトルエン及びドデカン(1:1w/w)からなる混合物を添加する。
・ 段階III:時間1800s。トルエン/ドデカン混合物を再び供給ガスから除去し、従って、再び段階Iと同じ測定条件となる。
・ 段階IV:時間200s。反応器を500℃に加熱し及び300℃に再冷却することにより触媒を再生。
・ 段階V:段階Iと同じ条件。
試験すべき触媒の実施例1により製造された穿孔芯(直径1Zoll、長さ3Zoll)に、エンジン試験スタンドで100℃で60分間炭化水素を加える。引き続き、この穿孔芯をモデルガス装置中で100℃の反応器温度で10分間予備的に調整し(O2 10%、CO2 10%、H2O 5%、N2 平衡、総流量4m3/h)、引き続きこの反応器温度を30秒間の間に同じガス混合物で400℃に上昇させる。この穿孔芯の後方の3Zollの排気ガスの温度を、生じた発熱についての尺度として評価する。
Claims (6)
- 次の工程:
a) 排気ガス系統に所属しない供給源から、窒素酸化物及び炭化水素を含有する排気ガスフロー中への、アンモニア(NH3)のそれ自体又は周囲条件下でアンモニアを生じることができる化合物の形での添加;及び
b) 銅(Cu)及び/又は鉄(Fe)で置換された、フェリエライト、チャバサイト及びエリオナイトからなるグループから選択されるゼオライトを有するSCR触媒での、排気ガスフローに供給されたNH3を用いたNOxの選択的反応
を有する窒素酸化物(NOx)及び炭化水素(HC)を含むディーゼルエンジン排気ガスを処理する方法において、排気ガス中に含まれる炭化水素を、前記ゼオライトの分子ふるい効果によって反応が行われる触媒中の活性中心から遠ざけることを特徴とし、前記排気ガスを前記SCR触媒に150〜350℃の温度範囲で接触させる、窒素酸化物(NOx)及び炭化水素(HC)を含むディーゼルエンジン排気ガスを処理する方法。 - 前記ゼオライトがフェリエライトであることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 排気ガス中の炭化水素含有量が、工程b)によるSCR触媒でのNOxの反応の前で少なくとも50ppmであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 排気ガス中の炭化水素含有量が、工程b)によるSCR触媒でのNOxの反応の前で、少なくとも300ppmの一時的なピーク値を有することを特徴とする、請求項3記載の方法。
- 排気ガス中の炭化水素含有量が、工程b)によるSCR触媒でのNOxの反応の後で、180℃までのSCR触媒の入口での排ガス温度で低下せず、前記SCR触媒は銅(Cu)交換ゼオライトを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 排気ガス中の炭化水素含有量が、工程b)によるSCR触媒でのNOxの反応の後で、280℃までのSCR触媒の入口での排ガス温度で低下せず、前記SCR触媒は鉄(Fe)交換ゼオライトを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2009/002848 WO2009135588A1 (de) | 2008-05-07 | 2009-04-18 | Verfahren zur verminderung von stickoxiden in kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen abgasen unter verwendung eines scr-katalysators auf basis eines molekularsiebes |
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EP2898941B1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
DE202009019004U1 (de) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2918329B1 (de) | 2017-08-02 |
DE202009018990U1 (de) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2296790A1 (de) | 2011-03-23 |
PL2918329T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
EP3195920A1 (de) | 2017-07-26 |
EP2918330A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2898941A1 (de) | 2015-07-29 |
EP3195920B1 (de) | 2020-01-29 |
JP2011519722A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
EP2918329A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 |
PL2918330T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
KR20110010711A (ko) | 2011-02-07 |
WO2009135588A1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
DE202009019001U1 (de) | 2015-05-11 |
EP2296790B1 (de) | 2018-03-14 |
DE202009019007U1 (de) | 2015-04-22 |
BRPI0912247A2 (pt) | 2015-10-20 |
BRPI0912247B1 (pt) | 2019-04-16 |
EP2918330B1 (de) | 2017-03-15 |
US20110056187A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
PL2898941T3 (pl) | 2021-12-06 |
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