JP5867082B2 - 淡水の製造方法 - Google Patents
淡水の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5867082B2 JP5867082B2 JP2011517134A JP2011517134A JP5867082B2 JP 5867082 B2 JP5867082 B2 JP 5867082B2 JP 2011517134 A JP2011517134 A JP 2011517134A JP 2011517134 A JP2011517134 A JP 2011517134A JP 5867082 B2 JP5867082 B2 JP 5867082B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- fresh water
- semipermeable membrane
- raw water
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
(1)溶質濃度が異なる少なくとも2種類の原水を混合した後に半透膜ユニットに供給して淡水を得る淡水の製造方法であって、半透膜ユニットの淡水流量および半透膜ユニットの運転圧力が、所定の範囲内になるように、少なくとも2種類の原水の混合比率を制御する淡水の製造方法。
(2)少なくとも2種類の原水のうち、少なくとも1種類が海水であると共に、少なくとも他の1種類が河川水、地下水、下水、廃水、またはそれらの処理水である(1)に記載の淡水の製造方法。
(3)処理水が、他の半透膜ユニットを用いて淡水を取り出した後の濃縮排水である(2)に記載の淡水の製造方法。
(4)半透膜ユニットの運転圧力が実質的に一定である(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の淡水の製造方法。
(5)前記半透膜ユニットの濃縮水が有する圧力エネルギーを水車式もしくは逆転ポンプ式のエネルギー回収装置を用いて回収する(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の淡水の製造方法。
Jv=Lp(ΔP−π(Cm)) ・・・(1)
Js=P(Cm−Cp) ・・・(2)
(Cm−Cp)/(Cf−Cp)=exp(Jv/k) ・・・(3)
Cp=Js/Jv ・・・(4)
Lp=α×Lp25×μ25/μ ・・・(5)
P=β×P25×μ25/μ×(273.15+T)/(298.15) ・・・(6)
Cf :半透膜供給水濃度 [mg/l]
Cm :半透膜供給水膜面濃度 [mg/l]
Cp :透過水濃度 [mg/l]
Js :溶質透過流束 [kg/m2/s]
Jv :水の透過流束 [m3/m2/s]
k :物質移動係数 [m/s]
Lp :純水透過係数 [m3/m2/Pa/s]
Lp25 :25℃での純水透過係数 [m3/m2/Pa/s」
P :溶質透過係数 [m/s]
P25 :25℃での溶質透過係数 [m3/m2/Pa/s]
T :温度 [℃]
α :運転条件による変動係数 [−]
β :運転条件による変動係数 [−]
ΔP :運転圧力 [Pa]
μ :粘度 [Pa・s]
μ25 :25℃での粘度 [Pa・s]
π :浸透圧 [Pa]
また、図1では、第1原水と第2原水の混合後に前処理ユニット4によって処理しているが、図2のように混合前の第1原水と第2原水を独立してそれぞれに適した前処理を施すことも好ましい態様である。
図4にフローを示す淡水製造装置を用い、東レ(株)愛媛工場の近傍の海水(全溶質濃度3.4重量%、水温25℃、pH=8.0)を、第1原水タンク2aに貯留し、前処理ユニット4aとして、東レ製中空糸膜モジュールHFU−2020(有効膜面積72m2)×1本を用い、流量3m3/hでろ過し、中間タンク6に貯留した。このとき、第2原水タンク2bの供給バルブ5bは全閉し、第1原水のみが供給されるようにした。この中間タンク6から、2m3/hを、東レ製逆浸透膜エレメントTM810×6本を直列に構成した半透膜ユニット8に供給し、回収率40%で淡水製造したところ、淡水造水量は、0.8m3/h、運転圧力は60.3bar、透過水TDS濃度は115mg/lであった。
海水水温が15℃である以外は参考例と同じ条件で図4に示す淡水製造装置を運転したところ、運転圧力は、71.9bar、透過水TDS濃度は73mg/lであり、運転圧力が参考例よりも上昇した。
海水水温15℃において、半透膜ユニット8で得られた淡水を原水タンク2bに貯留し、本発明における第2原水を模擬した。参考例と同様に前処理した第1原水(前処理海水)1.6m3/hと第二の原水0.4m3/hを混合(このときの混合原水の濃度は、2.7重量%)し、半透膜ユニット8に供給し、参考例と同様に運転したところ、運転圧力は、61.3bar、透過水TDS濃度は53mg/lとなり、低温においても参考例と同じ圧力で運転することができた。
本出願は、2010年3月15日出願の日本特許出願2010−057113に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
2、2a、2b及び2c:原水タンク
3、3a、3b及び3c:原水供給ポンプ
4、4a、4b及び4c:前処理ユニット
5a及び5b:バルブ
6:中間タンク
7:高圧ポンプ
8:半透膜ユニット
9:エネルギー回収ユニット
10:淡水タンク
11:濃縮排水
Claims (5)
- 溶質濃度が異なる少なくとも2種類の原水を混合した後に半透膜ユニットに供給して淡水を得る淡水の製造方法であって、半透膜ユニットの淡水流量および半透膜ユニットの運転圧力が、所定の範囲内になるように、少なくとも2種類の原水の混合比率を制御する淡水の製造方法。
- 少なくとも2種類の原水のうち、少なくとも1種類が海水であると共に、少なくとも他の1種類が河川水、地下水、下水、廃水、またはそれらの処理水である請求項1に記載の淡水の製造方法。
- 処理水が、他の半透膜ユニットを用いて淡水を取り出した後の濃縮排水である請求項2に記載の淡水の製造方法。
- 半透膜ユニットの運転圧力が実質的に一定であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の淡水の製造方法。
- 前記半透膜ユニットの濃縮水が有する圧力エネルギーを水車式もしくは逆転ポンプ式のエネルギー回収装置を用いて回収する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の淡水の製造方法。
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JPWO2014115769A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-23 | 2017-01-26 | 東レ株式会社 | 淡水製造装置の運転方法 |
CN105073230B (zh) * | 2013-03-11 | 2017-07-04 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | 海水淡化系统以及能量回收装置 |
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JP2008100219A (ja) * | 2006-09-22 | 2008-05-01 | Toray Ind Inc | 脱塩方法及び脱塩装置 |
JP2008126137A (ja) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-06-05 | Meidensha Corp | 水処理設備の膜ろ過制御方式 |
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US8216473B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-07-10 | Solution Dynamics, Llc | Apparatus and methods for solution processing using reverse osmosis |
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US20130001163A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
SG184035A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
CN102791637A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
WO2011114967A1 (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
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