JP5679411B2 - ポリ乳酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリ乳酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5679411B2 JP5679411B2 JP2010137992A JP2010137992A JP5679411B2 JP 5679411 B2 JP5679411 B2 JP 5679411B2 JP 2010137992 A JP2010137992 A JP 2010137992A JP 2010137992 A JP2010137992 A JP 2010137992A JP 5679411 B2 JP5679411 B2 JP 5679411B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lactide
- lactic acid
- racemic
- polylactic acid
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
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- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 106
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N (3r,6s)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
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- VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000448 lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 107
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- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 34
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 26
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 23
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- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OZZQHCBFUVFZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxypropanoyloxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)OC(C)C(O)=O OZZQHCBFUVFZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N serine phosphoethanolamine Chemical compound [NH3+]CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/84—Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, rare-earth metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/823—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used for the preparation of polylactones or polylactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Description
(1)高温高圧水中でグリセリンを水酸化ナトリウムと反応させることによって、ラセミ乳酸ナトリウム水溶液を製造する工程と、
(2)該ラセミ乳酸ナトリウム水溶液からラセミ乳酸を回収する工程と、
(3)該ラセミ乳酸を二量化することによりメソラクチドおよびラセミラクチドからなるラクチド混合物を生じさせる工程と、
(4)該混合物においてラセミラクチドをメソラクチドから分離する工程と、
(5)サレン型金属錯体を触媒として、該ラセミラクチドを重合することにより、ステレオコンプレックス型のポリ乳酸を製造する工程と
を包含することを特徴とする。
乳酸製造工程(1)は、アルカリと高温高圧水の作用によってグリセリンを乳酸に転換する工程である。
乳酸精製工程(2)は、工程(1)で得られた乳酸ナトリウム水溶液から、ナトリウムと水を分離して純粋な乳酸を取り出す工程である。
ラクチド製造工程(3)はラセミ乳酸からラクチドを合成する工程である。本工程により得られるラクチドは、ラセミラクチドとメソラクチドの混合物である。
ラクチド精製工程(4)は、ラセミラクチドとメソラクチドの混合物からメソラクチドを除去する工程である。
ポリ乳酸製造工程(5)は、ラセミラクチドを重合することによってステレオコンプレックス型ポリ乳酸を製造する工程である。
(操作手順)
図6に本発明に関わる乳酸製造装置のフローを示す。
表1に乳酸製造の結果をまとめる。
(操作手順)
乳酸精製工程(2)は、工程(1)で得られた乳酸ナトリウム水溶液から、ナトリウムと水を分離して乳酸のみを取り出す工程である。表2に乳酸精製時の条件を示す。また、以下に操作手順を示す。
表3に乳酸精製の結果をまとめる。
(装置)
図7に本工程に用いられるラクチド製造装置を示す。
・オリゴマーの合成
(1)実施例2aで得られた乳酸150gおよび触媒としてオクチル酸スズ0.75gを200mLのナス型フラスコ(21)に入れる。
(1)オイルバス(24)の温度を210℃に設定して、真空ポンプ(25)によりフラスコ内を2kPaに減圧する。
表4にラクチド合成時の条件を、表5にラクチド合成工程の結果をまとめる。
(操作手順)
図8に本ラクチド精製工程において用いられるラクチド精製装置を示す。表6にラクチド精製工程の条件と結果を示す。以下に操作手順を示す。
表6に条件と結果を示す。
実施例5aでは、実施例4で精製したラセミラクチドを原料として使用し、また、下記のC1、C2およびC3に示される構造のサレン型アルミニウム錯体を触媒として使用した。
窒素置換した試験管に、下記のL1で示される配位子0.5mmolおよびトルエンを5.0mL加え、配位子を溶解させる。この溶液を0℃に冷却後、トリメチルアルミニウムを0.7g(0.5mol)加え、室温に戻し約1時間攪拌して、触媒を調製した。
窒素置換した試験管に、ラセミラクチド7,200mg(50.0mmol)と開始剤としてベンジルアルコール0.5mmolを入れ、これにトルエン45mLを加えてよく攪拌して、ラセミラクチドを溶解した。この溶液に、触媒溶液を加えラクチドの重合を開始する。溶液は70℃に加熱して反応時間は6時間とした。
得られたポリ乳酸のX線回折スペクトルを図9に示す。図9より、2θ=12°、21°、24°にピークが観察される。ポリ乳酸のステレオコンプレックスは2θ=12°、21°、24°に特有のピークが検出されることが知られていることから、実施例5aで得られたポリ乳酸はステレオコンプレックスを形成していることが確認された(Ikeda, Y.; Jamshidi, K; Tuji, H; Hyon, S. H. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 904)。
2 乳酸精製工程
3 ラクチド製造工程
4 ラクチド精製工程
5 ポリ乳酸製造工程
Claims (9)
- ステレオコンプレックス型のポリ乳酸を製造する方法であって、
(1)高温高圧水中でグリセリンを水酸化ナトリウムと反応させることによって、ラセミ乳酸ナトリウム水溶液を製造する工程と、
(2)該ラセミ乳酸ナトリウム水溶液からナトリウムを分離してラセミ乳酸を回収する工程と、
(3)該ラセミ乳酸を二量化することによりメソラクチドおよびラセミラクチドからなるラクチド混合物を生じさせる工程と、
(4)該混合物からメソラクチドを分離してラセミラクチドを回収する工程と、
(5)サレン型金属錯体を触媒として、該ラセミラクチドを重合することにより、ステレオコンプレックス型のポリ乳酸を製造する工程と
を包含することを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記工程(1)は、グリセリンと水酸化ナトリウムを水に溶かして水溶液とし、これを250〜350℃の範囲の温度および5〜15MPaの範囲の圧力の高温高圧の条件下に保持することにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(2)は、ラセミ乳酸ナトリウム水溶液を酸性とし、これを有機溶媒と接触させることによりラセミ乳酸を有機溶媒に抽出し、続いて、有機溶媒を蒸発させることによりラセミ乳酸を回収することにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、プロパノール、ブタノール、酢酸メチル、トリエチルアミンおよびメチルエチルケトンからなる群から選択される1種である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(3)は、ラセミ乳酸の脱水縮合により乳酸のオリゴマーを前駆体として生じさせ、続いて、これを解重合・環化することによってメソラクチドおよびラセミラクチドのラクチド混合物を生成させ、これを蒸気として反応系外に取り出すことにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴマー前駆体を生じさせるための条件は、温度100〜200℃、圧力10〜80kPaである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ラクチドを生成させるための条件は、温度150〜250℃、圧力0.5〜5kPaである、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(4)は、融点118℃のラセミラクチドと融点60℃のメソラクチドの融点差を利用する溶融晶析法により行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
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