JP5553861B2 - 膜バイオリアクターの流束を改善する方法 - Google Patents
膜バイオリアクターの流束を改善する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5553861B2 JP5553861B2 JP2012129579A JP2012129579A JP5553861B2 JP 5553861 B2 JP5553861 B2 JP 5553861B2 JP 2012129579 A JP2012129579 A JP 2012129579A JP 2012129579 A JP2012129579 A JP 2012129579A JP 5553861 B2 JP5553861 B2 JP 5553861B2
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- membrane
- tank
- anaerobic
- cationic
- bioreactor
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Images
Classifications
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/12—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/02—Separating microorganisms from their culture media
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Description
HCO3 −⇔CO3 2− n+CO2(g) (1)
「約」は、ほぼ、または等しいことをいう。
1またはそれ以上のカチオン性、両性および双性イオン性ポリマー、あるいは、それらを組み合わせたポリマーが、様々な手段によって、直接バイオリアクターの1つに、あるいはバイオリアクターの1つに流れるいずれかの液流に添加される。
図1において、膜(3)は、直接曝気槽(2)の中に沈められる。曝気槽は、複数の反応槽に分割されていてもよい。膜は、反応槽の1つに沈められていても、反応器の外に設けられていてもよい。活性汚泥のMLSSは、3,000〜30,000mg/Lの間に保持される。流入水(1)が、5ppmより高いカルシウムイオン、および/または5ppmより高いマグネシウム、および/または10ppmより高いシリカ、および/または0.lppmより高い鉄を有する場合、膜表面にスケールの形成や無機物質による目詰まりが生じる。10,000〜20,000,000Daの分子量と、1〜100%の電荷を有するカチオン性ポリマーが、活性ポリマーとして10〜2,000ppmの濃度で、直接槽(5)の1つに、あるいは反応槽の1つへと流れ込む流れのいずれかに添加される。分子量の上限は、水中へのポリマーの溶解性または分散性のみによって制限される。
図2において、曝気槽(3)に無酸素槽(2)が追加され、曝気槽中の活性汚泥は、無酸素槽に再循環され、無酸素槽(2)には、>0.5mg/Lのレベルの溶存酸素を保持するために空気が供給されない。廃水に含まれる窒素化合物は曝気槽(3)中で硝酸塩に酸化され、無酸素槽(2)に再循環される。無酸素槽では、ある種の脱窒菌が、硝酸イオンに含まれる結合酸素を利用して窒素ガスを生成する。膜の形状は、扁平なシート状、中空糸状、管状、あるいはこれらの組み合わせであってもよい。場合によっては、膜は、膜槽の外に設置され、槽の1つの中の汚泥がポンプによって膜系に循環されてもよい。流入水(1)が、5ppmより高いカルシウムイオン、および/または5ppmより高いマグネシウム、および/または0.1ppmより高い鉄、および/または10ppmより高いシリカを有する場合、膜表面にスケールの形成や無機物質による目詰まりが生じる。
図3において、リンの除去を最大限に行うために、曝気槽(4)に、嫌気槽(2)および無酸素槽(3)が共に追加される。無酸素槽から嫌気槽(7)へ再循環される活性汚泥はいくらかの硝酸イオンを含んではいるが、DOレベルが0.1mg/Lより低いため、全体的な酸素の供給量は非常に制限される。この環境においてさえも、ある種のリン蓄積菌(PAOs)は、細胞中に蓄積されたポリマーの形のリンを加水分解することによってエネルギーを得ることができる。いったんPAOsが無酸素槽を通って曝気槽へ移動すると、それらは、後に使うためのリンの過剰な取り込みを行ってしまい、これは、いわゆる「ラグジャリーアップテイク」(Luxury Uptake)と呼ばれる。過剰に取り込まれたリンは、最終的には系から過剰な汚泥が取り除かれる際に除去される。膜の形状は、扁平なシート状、中空糸状、管状、あるいはこれらの組み合わせであってもよい。場合によっては、膜は槽の外に設置され、汚泥は、ポンプによって、膜を通って槽へ循環されてもよい。流入水(1)が、5ppmより高いカルシウムイオン、および/または5ppmより高いマグネシウム、および/または0.1ppmより高い鉄、および/または10ppmより高いシリカを有する場合、膜表面にスケールの形成や無機物質による目詰まりが生じる。
第四の応用例は嫌気性MBR(図4)であり、これは室温から70℃までの間の温度で機能する。このMBRは、反応槽の上端にカバーを有しており、空気は供給されない。場合によっては、ミキサー(3)を用いて、機械的攪拌が行われてもよい。水中の膜(図4a)の場合、ヘッドスペース(4)の気体は、膜を洗浄するために槽の底へ再循環される。もし膜が外部に設けられている場合(図4b)、汚泥循環ポンプ(9)が使用される。この嫌気性消化装置は、単独で、あるいは曝気反応槽と組み合わせて使用することができる。活性汚泥浮遊物質(MLSS)のレベルは、3,000〜30,000mg/Lに維持され、流入水のCODは200〜100,000mg/Lである。
Claims (1)
- 1またはそれ以上の無酸素性反応槽および、その次段に、槽の中に沈められた膜を有する1またはそれ以上の曝気反応槽を具備し、その流入水が塩または無機酸化物を有する膜バイオリアクターシステムにおいて、1またはそれ以上のカチオン性ポリマーを、該無酸素性反応槽に添加することを含み、前記膜バイオリアクターシステムは、3000〜30000mg/Lの活性汚泥浮遊物質を有し、前記カチオン性ポリマーは前記無酸素性反応槽に直接添加され、50000Daより高い分子量と10%以上のモル電荷とを有し、前記無酸素性反応槽は、窒素として3ppmより高い硝酸イオンを含む活性汚泥を有する前記膜バイオリアクターの流束を改善する方法。
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