JP5468024B2 - 水性塗料組成物及び複層塗膜形成方法 - Google Patents
水性塗料組成物及び複層塗膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5468024B2 JP5468024B2 JP2010549975A JP2010549975A JP5468024B2 JP 5468024 B2 JP5468024 B2 JP 5468024B2 JP 2010549975 A JP2010549975 A JP 2010549975A JP 2010549975 A JP2010549975 A JP 2010549975A JP 5468024 B2 JP5468024 B2 JP 5468024B2
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- XVNKRRXASPPECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XVNKRRXASPPECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099427 potassium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZVUVJTQITHFYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;naphthalene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [K+].C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 ZVUVJTQITHFYHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GFPSZSNVQOVZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylcyclohexane Chemical compound O=S(=O)=C1CCCCC1 GFPSZSNVQOVZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940051166 synthetic yellow iron oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraisopropyl titanate Substances CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000314 zinc acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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Description
VOC削減の観点から、中塗り塗料及び上塗り塗料においても水性化が進められている。
即ち、本発明は、以下の項を提供する:
項1.ポリエステル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、増粘剤(C)及び炭素数が6〜14の疎水性溶媒(D)を含有する水性塗料組成物であって、
該ポリエステル樹脂(A)が、酸成分とアルコール成分との反応によって得られ、該反応で用いられる酸成分及びアルコール成分の総量を基準にして、炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジカルボン酸(a−1)及び炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジオール(a−2)の合計の含有量が5〜30質量%であり、かつ水酸基価100〜200mgKOH/g、酸価8〜22mgKOH/gのポリエステル樹脂であり、
該増粘剤(C)が、炭素数が8〜36の疎水基を有するウレタン会合型増粘剤及び/又は炭素数が8〜36の疎水基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー系増粘剤であり、そして、
樹脂(A)及び硬化剤(B)の総量を基準にして、増粘剤(C)を0.01〜3質量%、疎水性溶媒(D)を4〜20質量%含有する、水性塗料組成物。
で示されるウレタン会合型増粘剤である、項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。
(c−1)(メタ)アクリル酸又はその塩、
(c−2)下記一般式(2)
で表される重合性不飽和モノマー、
(c−3)アルキル基の炭素数が1〜4であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、及び
(c−4)重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー
を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー混合物であって、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量に基づいて、(c−1)の含有割合が1〜50質量%であり、(c−2)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、(c−3)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、かつ(c−4)の含有割合が0.05〜5質量%である重合性不飽和モノマー混合物を共重合することによって得られる共重合体である、項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、第1の上塗り塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、第2の上塗り塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を備える、項5に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
以上、本発明の水性塗料組成物によれば、塗面平滑性等の仕上り外観に優れた水性塗料組成物を得ることができるという効果を奏することができる。
本発明の水性塗料組成物に用いられるポリエステル樹脂(A)は、酸成分とアルコール成分との反応によって得られ、該反応で用いられる酸成分及びアルコール成分の総量を基準にして、炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジカルボン酸(a−1)及び炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジオール(a−2)の含有量が5〜30質量%、好ましくは7〜25質量%、さらに好ましくは10〜22質量%であり、かつ水酸基価100〜200mgKOH/g、酸価8〜22mgKOH/gのポリエステル樹脂である。
本発明の水性塗料組成物に含まれる硬化剤(B)は、特に制限されるものではなく、水性塗料に用いられるものを広く使用することができる。
好ましい第一の実施形態において、例えば、以下にあげるメラミン樹脂、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物を好適に用いることができる。硬化剤は、単独で用いてもよく、また、2種以上併用してもよい。
本発明の第二の好ましい実施形態において、硬化剤(B)としては、例えば、イソシアネート基含有化合物(b−1)、オキサゾリン基含有化合物(b−2)、カルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−3)、ヒドラジド基含有化合物(b−4)及びセミカルバジド基含有化合物(b−5)、メラミン樹脂(b−6)、及びブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物(b−7)の少なくとも一種を用いることができる。
、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、クミルパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド、t−ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、ラウリルパーオキサイド、アセチルパーオキサイド、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート等の過酸化物;α,α’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、α,α’−アゾビス−2−メチルブチロニトリル、アゾビスジメチルバレロニトリル、アゾビスシクロヘキサンカルボニトリル等のアゾ化合物等が挙げられる。
自動車車体における塗膜形成方法としては、被塗物に電着塗装を施した後、「中塗塗料の塗装→焼付け硬化→水性ベースコート塗料の塗装→プレヒート(予備加熱)→クリヤ塗料の塗装→焼付け硬化」の3コート2ベーク(3C2B)方式により複層塗膜を形成する方法が広く採用されているが、近年では、省エネルギーの観点から、中塗塗料の塗装後の焼付け硬化工程を省略し、被塗物に電着塗装を施した後、「水性中塗塗料の塗装→プレヒート(予備加熱)→水性ベース塗料の塗装→プレヒート(予備加熱)→クリヤ塗料の塗装→焼付け硬化」とする3コート1ベーク(3C1B)方式が試みられている(例えば特開2002−282773号公報)。
本発明の塗料組成物に含まれる増粘剤(C)は、疎水基を有するウレタン会合型増粘剤及び/又は疎水基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー系増粘剤である。
(c−1)(メタ)アクリル酸又はその塩、
(c−2)下記一般式(2)
で表される重合性不飽和モノマー、
(c−3)アルキル基の炭素数が1〜4であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、及び
(c−4)重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー
を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー混合物であって、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量に基づいて、(c−1)の含有割合が1〜50質量%であり、(c−2)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、(c−3)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、かつ(c−4)の含有割合が0.05〜5質量%である重合性不飽和モノマーを共重合することによって得られる共重合体である
(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)(c−1)
(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)(c−1)とは、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸塩又はメタクリル酸塩を意味する。
重合性不飽和モノマー(c−2)は、下記一般式(2)
アルキル基の炭素数が1〜4であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(c−3)としては、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、n−プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、iso−プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、n−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、iso−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、tert−ブチル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4)としては、前記(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)(c−1)、重合性不飽和モノマー(c−2)及びアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(c−3)と共重合でき、重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマーであれば特に限定されず、例えば、重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個有する2官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−1)、重合性不飽和基を1分子中に3個有する3官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−2)、重合性不飽和基を1分子中に4〜8個有する4〜8官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−3)等を使用することができる。
2官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−1)としては、例えば、ポリオールのジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオールアルキレンオキシド付加体のジ(メタ)アクリレート等を使用することができる。
3官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−2)としては、例えば、1分子中に3個以上の水酸基を有するポリオールのトリ(メタ)アクリレート及びポリオールアルキレンオキシド付加体のトリ(メタ)アクリレート等を使用することができる。
4〜8官能重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4−3)としては、例えば、1分子中に4個以上の水酸基を有するポリオールのテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、へプタ(メタ)アクリレート、オクタ(メタ)アクリレート及びポリオールアルキレンオキシド付加体のテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、へプタ(メタ)アクリレート、オクタ(メタ)アクリレート等を使用することができる。
上記(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー系増粘剤には、上記(c−1)〜(c−4)に加えその他の重合性不飽和モノマー(c−5)を含む重合性不飽和モノマー混合物の共重合体も含まれる。
(メタ)アクリル酸(塩)(c−1):1〜50質量%、好ましくは1〜45質量%、さらに好ましくは7〜40質量%、
重合性不飽和モノマー(c−2):5〜60質量%、好ましくは10〜55質量%、さらに好ましくは20〜50質量%、
アルキル基の炭素数が1〜4であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(c−3):5〜60質量%、好ましくは7〜50質量%、さらに好ましくは10〜40質量%、
重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー(c−4):0.05〜5質量%、好ましくは0.07〜4質量%、さらに好ましくは0.1〜3質量%。
その他の重合性不飽和モノマー(c−5):0〜20質量%、好ましくは0〜15質量%、さらに好ましくは0〜10質量%の範囲内であることが好適である。
本発明の水性塗料組物において使用される疎水性溶媒(D)は、その炭素数が6〜14であり、且つ、20℃において、100gの水に溶解する質量が10g以下、好ましくは5g以下、さらに好ましくは1g以下の有機溶媒であって、例えば、n−ヘキサノール、n−オクタノール、2−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、n−デカノール、イソドデカノール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール2−エチルヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールn−ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールn−ブチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールn−ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール2−エチルヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールフェニルエーテル等のアルコール系溶媒;エチルn−アミルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒等を挙げることができ、これらはそれぞれ単独でもしくは2種以上組み合わせて使用することが出来る。
本発明の水性塗料組成物は、増粘剤(C)及び疎水性溶媒(D)を、該水性塗料組成物中のポリエステル樹脂(A)及び硬化剤(B)の総量を基準にして、以下に述べる範囲内の量で含有することができる。
増粘剤(C):0.01〜3質量%、好ましくは0.02〜2質量%、さらに好ましくは0.02〜1質量%、
疎水性溶媒(D):4〜20質量%、好ましくは5〜18質量%、さらに好ましくは6〜15質量%。
本発明の水性塗料組成物は、タレ抵抗性に優れ、かつ、塗面平滑性等の仕上り外観に優れた塗膜を形成することができるので、例えば、自動車の中塗塗料及び上塗塗料、特に中塗塗料として好適に使用することができる。
本発明の複層塗膜形成方法によれば、まず、被塗物上に、ポリエステル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、増粘剤(C)及び疎水性溶媒(D)を含有する本発明の水性塗料組成物(中塗塗料(以下、「水性第1着色塗料(X)」ともいう)が塗装される。
上記の如くして形成される水性第1着色塗料(X)の塗膜上には、さらに、第1の上塗塗料(以下、「水性第2着色塗料(Y)」ともいう)が塗装される。
固形分含有率(質量%)={(W3−W1)/(W2−W1)}×100
また、本明細書中において、ゲル分率は、以下の方法により測定される。
まず、被塗物と同時に、予め質量を測定しておいたポリプロピレン板(質量;Wa)上に水性第1着色塗料(X)を塗装し、塗装後、80℃で10分プレヒートした該ポリプロピレン板を、水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される直前に回収する。
ゲル分率(質量%)=(Wc−Wa)/(Wb−Wa)×100
上記第1着色塗膜上には、次いで、水性第2着色塗料(Y)が塗装される。
上記の如くして形成される水性第2着色塗料(Y)の塗膜上には、さらに、第2の上塗塗料(以下、「クリヤ塗料(Z)」ともいう)が塗装される。
以上に述べた如くして形成される第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜の3層の塗膜からなる複層塗膜は、通常の塗膜の焼付け手段により、例えば、熱風加熱、赤外線加熱、高周波加熱等により、約80〜約170℃、好ましくは約120〜約160℃の温度で約20〜約40分間程度加熱して同時に乾燥させることができる。
製造例1〜17
加熱装置、攪拌装置、温度計、還流冷却器及び精留塔を備えた4つ口フラスコに、下記図表1に示す質量比で酸成分及びアルコール成分を仕込み、160℃まで昇温させた後、160℃から230℃まで3時間かけて、生成する縮合水を精留塔を用いて溜去しながら、昇温させ、その後230℃で2時間反応させた。
酸価(mgKOH/g)=56.1×V×C/m
V:滴定量(ml)、C:滴定液の濃度(mol/l)、m:試料の固形分重量(g)
また、水酸基価の測定は、JISK−0070(1992)に準拠して行った。具体的には、試料にアセチル化試薬(無水酢酸25gにピリジンを加えて全体が100mlになるように調整した無水酢酸ピリジン溶液)を5ml加えてグリセリン浴中で加熱させた後、水酸化カリウム溶液でフェノールフタレインを指示薬として滴定し、下記式により算出した。
水酸基価(mgKOH/g)=〔V×56.1×C/m〕+D
V:滴定量(ml)、C:滴定液の濃度(mol/l)、m:試料の固形分重量(g)、D:試料の酸価(mgKOH/g)(以下、水酸基価及び酸価の測定方法は、本明細書中において同じ)。
下記図表2中の硬化剤はそれぞれ以下の意味を表わす。
MF−1:メチル−ブチル混合エーテル化メラミン樹脂、重量平均分子量1000、固形分80%。ブトキシ基とメトキシ基とのモル比:ブトキシ/メトキシ=30/70。
MF−2:メトキシエーテル化メラミン樹脂、重量平均分子量800、固形分80%。 BNCO−1:バイヒジュールVP LS−2310、水分散型ブロックイソシアネート、
NCO%=9.9%、固形分38%。
製造例18
加熱装置、温度計、窒素導入管及び高粘度用攪拌機を備えた容量1,000mlの4つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール6000(分子量6,000)420部及びコレステリンにエチレンオキサイドを20モル付加したポリエーテルモノオール177部を入れ、混合物を減圧下(5〜10mmHg)にて80〜90℃で3時間脱水反応させ、系の水分含有量を0.03%とした。次いで、反応生成物を70℃に冷却し、これにヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを23.5部加えた。得られた混合物を、窒素気流下85〜90℃で、IRによる追跡で、イソシアネート含有量が実質的に0%になるまで(3時間)反応させることにより、前記一般式(1)におけるX及びZが共にコレステリル基であり、Yがヘキサメチレン基であり、OR、OR’及びOR’’がいずれもオキシエチレン基であり、かつa、b、c及びdがそれぞれ、20、136、1及び20である増粘剤(C−1)を得た。
加熱装置、温度計、窒素導入管及び高粘度用攪拌機を備えた容量1,000mlの4つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール10000(分子量10,000)500部及びラノステリンにエチレンオキサイドを2モル付加したポリエーテルモノオール17.2部を入れ、混合物を減圧下(5〜10mmHg)にて80〜90℃で3時間脱水反応させ、系の水分含量を0.03%とした。次いで、反応生成物を70℃に冷却し、これにトリレンジイソシアネートを11.6部加えた。得られた混合物を窒素気流下80〜85℃で、IRによる追跡で、イソシアネート含量が実質的に0%になるまで(2時間)反応させることにより、前記一般式(1)におけるX及びZが共にラノステリル基であり、Yがトリレン基であり、OR、OR’及びOR’’がいずれもオキシエチレン基であり、かつa、b、c及びdがそれぞれ、2、227、2及び2である増粘剤(C−2)を得た。
加熱装置、温度計、窒素導入管及び高粘度用攪拌機を備えた容量1,000mlの4つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール6000(分子量6,000)420部及び2−オクチルドデカノールにエチレンオキサイドを10モル付加したポリエーテルモノオール103部を入れ、混合物を減圧下(5〜10mmHg)にて80〜90℃で3時間脱水反応させ、系の水分含量を0.03%とした。次いで、反応生成物を70℃に冷却し、これにヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを23.5部加えた。得られた混合物を、窒素気流下85〜90℃で、IRによる追跡で、イソシアネート含量が実質的に0%になるまで(3時間)反応させることにより、前記一般式(1)におけるX及びZが共に2−オクチルドデカニル基であり、Yがヘキサメチレン基であり、OR、OR’及びOR’’がいずれもオキシエチレン基であり、かつa、b、c及びdがそれぞれ、10、136、1及び10である増粘剤(C−3)を得た。
加熱装置、攪拌装置、温度計及び還流冷却器を備えた4つ口フラスコに、メチルトリグリコール350部を仕込み、80〜90℃に昇温した。次に、撹拌下、当該メチルトリグリコールに、メタクリル酸20部、n−オクタデシルアルコールエチレンオキシド60モル付加物のアクリレート19.5部、エチルアクリレート60部及びエチレングリコールエチレンオキシド15モル付加物のジアクリレート0.5部からなる単量体混合物と、2,2’−アソビスイソブチロニトリルの1%メチルトリグリコール溶液50部とをそれぞれ1.5時間かけて滴下した。その間、反応温度は80〜90℃を保持した。滴下終了後、反応生成物を3時間同温度に保った後、室温まで冷却することにより、増粘剤(C−4)(共重合体の濃度:20%)を得た。
加熱装置、温度計、窒素導入管及び高粘度用攪拌機を備えた容量1000mlの4つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール10000(分子量10,000)500部及びオクタデシルアルコールにエチレンオキサイドを10モル付加したポリエーテルモノオール35.5部を入れ、混合物を減圧下(5〜10mmHg)にて80〜90℃で3時間脱水反応させ、系の水分含量を0.03%とした。次いで、反応生成物を70℃に冷却し、これに4,4−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートを18.8部加えた。得られた混合物を、窒素気流下85〜90℃で、IRによる追跡で、イソシアネート含量が実質的に0%になるまで(3時間)反応させることにより、前記一般式(1)におけるX及びZが共にオクタデシル基であり、Yがジフェニルメチレン基であり、OR、OR’及びOR’’がいずれもオキシエチレン基であり、かつa、b、c及びdがそれぞれ、10、227、2及び10である増粘剤(C−5)を得た。
加熱装置、温度計、窒素導入管及び高粘度用攪拌機を備えた容量1,000mlの4つ口フラスコに、ポリエチレングリコール10000(分子量10,000)500部及びヘキサノールにエチレンオキサイドを2モル付加したポリエーテルモノオール6.27部を入れ、混合物を減圧下(5〜10mmHg)にて80〜90℃で3時間脱水反応させ、系の水分含量を0.03%とした。次いで、反応生成物を70℃に冷却し、これにトリレンジイソシアネートを11.6部加えた。得られた混合物を、窒素気流下80〜85℃で、IRによる追跡で、イソシアネート含量が実質的に0%になるまで(2時間)反応させることにより、前記一般式(1)におけるX及びZが共にヘキシル基であり、Yがトリレン基であり、OR、OR’及びOR’’がいずれもオキシエチレン基であり、かつa、b、c及びdがそれぞれ、2、227、3及び2である増粘剤(C−6)を得た。
加熱装置、攪拌装置、温度計及び還流冷却器を備えた4つ口フラスコに、メチルトリグリコール350部を仕込み、80〜90℃に昇温した。次に、当該メチルトリグリコールに、撹拌下、メタクリル酸20部、n−ヘキシルアルコールエチレンオキシド30モル付加物のアクリレート19.5部、プロピルアクリレート60部及びエチレングリコールエチレンオキシド15モル付加体のジアクリレート0.5部からなる単量体混合物と、2,2’−アソビスイソブチロニトリルの1%メチルトリグリコール溶液50部とをそれぞれ1.5時間かけて滴下した。その間、反応温度は80〜90℃を保持した。滴下終了後、反応生成物を3時間同温度に保った後、室温まで冷却することにより、増粘剤(C−7)(共重合体の濃度:20%)を得た。
増粘剤(C−8):プライマルASE−60、ローム・アンド・ハース社製、固形分濃度28%。
製造例25
加熱装置、攪拌装置、温度計、還流冷却器及び精留塔を備えた4つ口フラスコに、カージュラE10P(HEXION Specialty Chemicals社製、合成高分岐飽和脂肪酸のグリシジルエステル)30.4部、トリメチロールプロパン41.5部、無水イソフタル酸80.7部、アジピン酸79.9部及びネオペンチルグリコール83.0部を仕込み、混合物を160℃に昇温後、生成する縮合水を精留塔を用いて溜去しながら、160から230℃まで3時間かけて昇温した。その後、昇温した混合物を230℃で2時間反応させた。次に、精留塔を水分離器に付け替え、反応生成物にトルエンを適宜加え、230℃で還流状態を保持し、縮合水を水分離器で分離、溜去しながら樹脂酸価が2以下となるまで縮合反応させた。次いで減圧下でトルエンを溜去し、得られた反応性生物を170℃まで冷却した。その後、反応生成物に無水トリメリット酸19.6部を加え、170℃で30分間付加反応させた。その後、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルを反応生成物に対して10質量%加え、温度を85℃とした後、N,N−ジメチルエタノールアミンで中和し、さらに脱イオン水を徐々に添加して水分散体とすることにより、固形分40%の顔料分散ペースト用樹脂を得た。
実施例1
製造例25で得た顔料分散ペースト用樹脂 37.5部に、カーボンMA100(カーボンブラック、三菱化学社製)1部、JR806(チタン白、テイカ社製)70部及びMICRO ACE S−3(微粉タルク、日本タルク社製)10部を順次加えながら混合し、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散し、顔料分散ペーストを得た。
下記図表2に示す配合で、実施例1と同様にして混合攪拌を行なうことにより、各水性塗料組成物2〜35を得た。なお、図表2中の疎水性溶剤(D)以外の配合量は固形分配合である。
実施例1〜20及び比較例1〜15で得られた水性塗料組成物1〜35を使用して、それぞれについて以下の様にして試験板を作製した。
仕上り性:BYK Gardner社製のWave Scan(商品名)により測定した。Wave ScanによりLong Wave値(LW)及びShort Wave値(SW)が測定される。Long Wave値は、1.2〜12mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、塗面の中波肌の具合を評価することができる。Short Wave値は、0.3〜1.2mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、塗面の微少肌の具合を評価することができる。また、各Wave Scan値は、測定値が小さいほど塗面平滑性が高いことを示す。目安として、Wave Scan値は、LWで10未満、SWで12未満であれば、塗面平滑性が良好と判断される。
実施例1〜20及び比較例1〜15で得られた水性塗料組成物1〜35を使用して、それぞれについて以下の様にして試験板を作製した。
製造例26
製造例25で得た顔料分散ペースト用樹脂 37.5部に、カーボンMA100(カーボンブラック、三菱化学社製)1部、JR806(チタン白、テイカ社製)70部及びMICRO ACE S−3(微粉タルク、日本タルク社製)10部を順次加えながら混合し、ペイントシェーカーで30分間分散し、顔料分散ペーストを得た。
下記図表3に示す配合で、製造例26と同様にして混合攪拌を行なうことにより、各水性第1着色塗料(X−2)〜(X−43)を得た。なお、図表3中の疎水性溶剤(D)以外の配合量は固形分配合である。
硬化剤(B−2):ロードコートEZM−502(ローディア・ジャパン社製、水分散型ポリイソシアネート、固形分100%、NCO含有率18.5%)
硬化剤(B−3):バイヒジュールXP2570(住化バイエルウレタン社製、水分散型ポリイソシアネート、固形分100%、NCO含有率20.6%)
硬化剤(B−4):エポクロスWS−500(日本触媒社製、オキサゾリン基含有化合物、固形分40%、オキサゾリン基含有量4.5mmol/g樹脂固形分)
硬化剤(B−5):カルボジライトV−02(日清紡社製、カルボジイミド基含有化合物、固形分40%、カルボジイミド基含有量1.7mmol/g樹脂固形分)
硬化剤(B−6):アジピン酸ジヒドラジド (水溶解品 固形分10%、ヒドラジド基含有量11.48mmol/g樹脂固形分)
硬化剤(B−7):SX−601(旭化成工業社製、セミカルバジド基含有化合物、固形分45%、セミカルバジド基含有量 4.8mmol/g樹脂固形分)
硬化剤(B−8):メチル−ブチル混合エーテル化イミノ基含有メラミン樹脂、固形分60%、重量平均分子量1000、メチル/ブチル=70/30(モル比)、内部溶剤;n−ブタノール)
硬化剤(B−9):バイヒジュールVP LS−2310(住化バイエルウレタン社製、水分散型ブロックポリイソシアネート、固形分38%、NCO含有率9.9%)
前記製造例26〜68で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)〜(X−43)について、以下のようにしてそれぞれ試験板を作製し、評価試験を行なった。
パルボンド#3020(日本パーカライジング社製、りん酸亜鉛処理剤)で処理した冷延鋼板に、エレクロンGT−10(関西ペイント社製、カチオン電着塗料)を乾燥膜厚20μmとなるように電着塗装し、170℃で30分間加熱して硬化させて試験用被塗物とした。
上記製造例26で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)の80℃×10分プレヒート後のゲル分率は以下の様に測定した。
実施例21において、製造例26で得た水性第1着色塗料(X−1)を、図表3に示した水性第1着色塗料(X−2)〜(X−43)とする以外は、実施例21と同様にして、ゲル分率を測定し、試験板を作製した。
仕上り性:BYK Gardner社製のWave Scan(商品名)により測定した。Wave ScanによりLong Wave値(LW)及びShort Wave値(SW)が測定される。Long Wave値は、1.2〜12mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、塗面の中波肌の具合を評価することができる。Short Wave値は、0.3〜1.2mm程度の波長の表面粗度の振幅の指標であり、塗面の微少肌の具合を評価することができる。また、各Wave Scan値は、測定値が小さいほど塗面平滑性が高いことを示す。
◎:ゴバン目塗膜が100個残存し、カッターの切り込みの縁において塗膜の小さなハガレが生じていない
○:ゴバン目塗膜が100個残存するが、カッターの切り込みの縁において塗膜の小さなハガレが生じている
△:ゴバン目塗膜が90〜99個残存する
×:ゴバン目塗膜の残存数が89個以下である。
Claims (10)
- ポリエステル樹脂(A)、硬化剤(B)、増粘剤(C)及び炭素数が6〜14の疎水性溶媒(D)を含有する水性塗料組成物であって、
該ポリエステル樹脂(A)が、酸成分とアルコール成分との反応によって得られ、該反応で用いられる酸成分及びアルコール成分の総量を基準にして、炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジカルボン酸(a−1)及び炭素数8以上の直鎖型ジオール(a−2)の合計の含有量が5〜30質量%であり、かつ水酸基価100〜200mgKOH/g、酸価8〜22mgKOH/gのポリエステル樹脂であり、
該増粘剤(C)が、炭素数が8〜36の疎水基を有するウレタン会合型増粘剤及び/又は炭素数が8〜36の疎水基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー系増粘剤であり、そして、
樹脂(A)及び硬化剤(B)の総量を基準にして、増粘剤(C)を0.01〜3質量%、疎水性溶媒(D)を4〜20質量%含有する、水性塗料組成物。 - 炭素数が8〜36の疎水基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸コポリマー系増粘剤が、
(c−1)(メタ)アクリル酸又はその塩、
(c−2)下記一般式(2)
で表される重合性不飽和モノマー、
(c−3)アルキル基の炭素数が1〜4であるアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、及び
(c−4)重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー
を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー混合物であって、重合性不飽和モノマーの総量に基づいて、(c−1)の含有割合が1〜50質量%であり、(c−2)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、(c−3)の含有割合が5〜60質量%であり、かつ(c−4)の含有割合が0.05〜5質量%である重合性不飽和モノマー混合物を共重合することによって得られる共重合体である、請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。 - 硬化剤(B)として、ブトキシ基とメトキシ基の比率が20/80〜50/50mol%である完全もしくは部分アルキルエーテル化メラミン樹脂を含有する請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物。
- 被塗物に、中塗塗料及び上塗塗料を順次塗装する複層塗膜形成方法において、中塗塗料として、請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物を塗装する、複層塗膜形成方法。
- 工程(1):被塗物上に、中塗塗料(X)を塗装して第1着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(2):前記工程(1)で形成された第1着色塗膜上に、第1の上塗り塗料(Y)を塗装して第2着色塗膜を形成する工程、
工程(3):前記工程(2)で形成された第2着色塗膜上に、第2の上塗り塗料(Z)を塗装してクリヤ塗膜を形成する工程、及び
工程(4):前記工程(1)〜(3)で形成された第1着色塗膜、第2着色塗膜及びクリヤ塗膜を同時に焼き付け乾燥する工程、
を備える、請求項5に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の複層塗膜形成方法を実施するに当たり、工程(1)で用いる中塗塗料に含有される硬化剤(B)として、イソシアネート基含有化合物(b−1)、オキサゾリン基含有化合物(b−2)、カルボジイミド基含有化合物(b−3)、ヒドラジド基含有化合物(b−4)及びセミカルバジド基含有化合物(b−5)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を使用する、複層塗膜形成方法。
- 中塗塗料(X)が、乾燥膜厚が30μmとなるように塗装し、80℃で10分間加熱した後の塗膜のゲル分率が15〜95質量%の範囲内となる塗料である、請求項6に記載の複層塗膜形成方法。
- 請求項1に記載の水性塗料組成物が塗装された物品。
- 請求項5に記載の複層塗膜形成方法により塗装された物品。
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