JP5337766B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5337766B2 JP5337766B2 JP2010158969A JP2010158969A JP5337766B2 JP 5337766 B2 JP5337766 B2 JP 5337766B2 JP 2010158969 A JP2010158969 A JP 2010158969A JP 2010158969 A JP2010158969 A JP 2010158969A JP 5337766 B2 JP5337766 B2 JP 5337766B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- active material
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 67
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 nickel series compound Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910015973 LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-LURJTMIESA-N mevalonolactone Chemical compound C[C@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-ol Chemical group CC=CO DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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Description
LiaNibCocMnd1 O 2
(化学式2で、0.90≦a≦1.2、0.5≦b≦0.9、0<c<0.4、0<d1<0.4である。)
[化学式3]
LiaCoO2
(化学式3で、0.90≦a≦1.2である。)
LiaNibCocMnd1 O 2
化学式2で、0.90≦a≦1.2、0.5≦b≦0.9、0<c<0.4、0<d1<0.4である。
また、化学式2の化合物を正極活物質として用いると安全性と寿命を確保することはできるが、電池に適用する場合、正極の合剤密度が低いため、実際に得られる容量は期待したほど大きくない問題点があるので、これを防止するために、化学式2の化合物を第1正極活物質とし、下記化学式3の化合物を第2正極活物質として、両者を混合使用した。
LiaCoO 2
前記化学式3で、0.90≦a≦1.2である。
合剤密度とは、極板より集電体を除いた成分(つまり、活物質、導電材、及びバインダーなど)の単位体積当たり質量値であって、合剤密度が小さいということは、単位体積当り(極板の面積が同一であるとすれば単位厚さ当り)の装着活物質量が少ないので、結果的に実際の電池容量は減少することを意味する。つまり、本発明で第1正極活物質として用いた化学式1又は化学式2の化合物は、理論容量は高いが、実際の電池に適用すると合剤密度が低く、実際の電池容量はLiCoO2に相応する値を示すため、容量面での長所を得られなくなる。
第1正極活物質としてLiNi0.8Mn0.2O2又はLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、第2正極活物質としてLiCoO2を使用し、下記表3に示した組成で混合して混合正極活物質を製造した。この混合正極活物質とポリフッ化ビニリデンバインダー及びスーパー−P導電材を、N−メチルピロリドン混合溶媒中で94/3/3(質量比)の組成比で正極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記スラリーをアルミニウム集電体にコーティングして、これを乾燥し、圧延して正極を製造した。
下記表1〜3に示したように、第1正極活物質としてLiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2又はLiNi0.8Mn0.2O2を使用し、第2正極活物質としてLiMn2O4又はLiCoO2を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一な方法で正極を製造した。
製造された電池を0.2Cに充電し、0.2Cに放電を1回実施し(化成工程)、0.5C充電、0.2C放電を1回実施した(標準工程)。標準工程1回目の放電量を測定して、下記表1〜3に容量として示した。
上記実施例12の電池を化成及び標準評価を実施した後に解体して、正極板のSEM−EDX分析を実施した。電池組立前とは異なって、組立後(電池評価)には極板の構造(縁部あるいは折れた部分)に沿って極板の表面特性が変化する可能性があるので、電池を解体した後に図2のように極板をサンプリングした。
3 正極
4 セパレータ4
5 電池容器
6 封入部材
Claims (20)
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 、LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Mn 0.05 O 2 、LiNi 0.8 Co 0.05 Mn 0.15 O 2 、LiNi 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 O 2 、LiNi 0.7 Co 0.2 Mn 0.1 O 2 、LiNi 0.7 Co 0.15 Mn 0.15 O 2 、LiNi 0.7 Co 0.05 Mn 0.25 O 2 、及びLiNi 0.7 Co 0.25 Mn 0.05 O 2 からなる群より選択される第1正極活物質と下記の化学式3で表示される第2正極活物質とを、90〜50:10〜50質量比で混合した正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極活物質を含む負極と、
電解液と、
を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池
[化学式3]
LiaCoO2
(上記化学式3で、0.90≦a≦1.2である。)。 - 前記第1正極活物質及び前記第2正極活物質の混合比率は90〜70:10〜30質量比であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記第2正極活物質はLiCoO2であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、リチウムイオンの挿入及び放出が可能な黒鉛炭素物質(graphitic carbonaceous material)、リチウム金属、リチウム金属の合金、あるいはリチウムと化合物を形成することができる物質であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極黒鉛炭素物質は、X線回折によるLc(結晶子寸法)が少なくとも20nm以上であり、700℃以上で発熱ピークを有する炭素物質であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極黒鉛炭素物質は、中間相(メゾ相)球形粒子から炭化段階及び黒鉛化段階を経て製造された結晶性カーボン物質、又は繊維状中間相ピッチから炭化段階及び黒鉛化段階を経て製造された繊維状黒鉛(黒鉛繊維)であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、ベンゼン、トルエン、フルオロトルエン、1,2−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,3−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,4−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,2,3−トリフルオロベンゼン、1,2,4−トリフルオロベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン、1,3−ジクロロベンゼン、1,4−ジクロロベンゼン、1,2,3−トリクロロベンゼン、1,2,4−トリクロロベンゼン、ヨードベンゼン、1,2−ジヨードベンゼン、1,3−ジヨードベンゼン、1,4−ジヨードベンゼン、1,2,3−トリヨードベンゼン、1,2,4−トリヨードベンゼン、フルオロトルエン、1,2−ジフルオロトルエン、1,3−ジフルオロトルエン、1,4−ジフルオロトルエン、1,2,3−トリフルオロトルエン、1,2,4−トリフルオロトルエン、クロロトルエン、1,2−ジクロロトルエン、1,3−ジクロロトルエン、1,4−ジクロロトルエン、1,2,3−トリクロロトルエン、1,2,4−トリクロロトルエン、ヨードトルエン、1,2−ジヨードトルエン、1,3−ジヨードトルエン、1,4−ジヨードトルエン、1,2,3−トリヨードトルエン、1,2,4−トリヨードトルエン、R−CN(Rは炭素数2−50個の炭化水素基を有し、この基は直鎖状、分枝状、環構造でも良く、また、その基の中に二重結合、芳香環、又はエーテル結合を含んでいても良い)、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセテート、キシレン、シクロヘキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、シクロヘキサノン、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルプロピオン酸塩、エチルプロピオン酸塩、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、ジメトキシエタン、1,3−ジオキソラン、ジグライム、テトラグライム、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、及びスルホランからなる群より選択される非水性有機溶媒を一種又は二種以上含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、LiPF6:リチウム6フッ化リン(lithium hexafluoro phosphate)、LiBF4:リチウム4フッ化ホウ酸塩(lithium tetrafluoro borate)、LiAsF6:リチウム6フッ化砒素(lithium hexafluoro arsenate)、LiClO4:過塩素酸リチウム(lithium perchlorate)、CF3SO3Li:リチウム3フッ化メタンスルホン酸塩(lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate)、 LiN(SO2CF3)2:リチウムビス(トリフルオロメチル)スルホンイミド及び LiN(SO2C2F5)2:リチウムビス(パーフルオロエチルスルホニル)イミド、LiN(SO2C2F5)2:リチウムビスオキザレートボレート(lithium bisoxalate borate)からなる群より選択される一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解液は、支持電解塩を0.1〜2.0Mの濃度で含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 電池の特性評価の後に解体して分離した正極板のSEM−EDX測定で、第1正極活物質ではNi、Co、及びMn成分ピークが存在し、且つ第2正極活物質ではCo成分ピークが現れるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、0.1〜2.0Cの充電速度、及び0.1〜2.0Cの放電速度で実施されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、0.2〜1.5Cの充電速度、及び0.2〜1.5Cの放電速度で実施されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、0.1〜5.0mA/cm2の充電電流、及び0.1〜5.0mA/cm2の放電電流で実施されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、0.2〜4.0mA/cm2の充電電流、及び0.2〜4.0mA/cm2の放電電流で実施されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、1〜300回の充放電を実施することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価は、1〜99回の充放電を実施することを特徴とする請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価の後、電池状態は充電状態あるいは放電状態であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価の後、電池の状態は充電中の状態あるいは放電中の状態であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価の後、電池の開路電圧は1.0〜5.5Vであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池の特性評価の後、電池の開路電圧は1.5〜4.5Vであることを特徴とする請求項19に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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CN109768274B (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-07 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | 电池正极材料前驱体、电池正极材料、其制备方法及应用 |
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CN112436134B (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-03-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 正极活性材料及其制备方法、正极极片、锂离子二次电池和电动汽车 |
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JP2010278014A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
KR100578877B1 (ko) | 2006-05-11 |
JP2005259703A (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
CN100521359C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
JP4680637B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
KR20050091380A (ko) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1667865A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
US20050202316A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US20120176089A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
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