JP5109311B2 - 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 - Google Patents
膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5109311B2 JP5109311B2 JP2006236454A JP2006236454A JP5109311B2 JP 5109311 B2 JP5109311 B2 JP 5109311B2 JP 2006236454 A JP2006236454 A JP 2006236454A JP 2006236454 A JP2006236454 A JP 2006236454A JP 5109311 B2 JP5109311 B2 JP 5109311B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst layer
- membrane
- electrode catalyst
- electrolyte membrane
- electrode assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 326
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 230
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 201
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 110
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 alkyl sulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000252506 Characiformes Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAKNPEMFWIUWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)=C(F)C1=CC=CC=C1F PAKNPEMFWIUWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003471 inorganic composite material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004151 quinonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007767 slide coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
- H01M4/8642—Gradient in composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
前記膜電極接合体の厚み方向において、親水性基が濃度勾配をもって存在している燃料電池用膜電極接合体により上記課題を解決する。
前記膜電極接合体の厚み方向において、親水性基が濃度勾配をもって存在している燃料電池用膜電極接合体(単に「膜電極接合体」とも記載する)である。
(OH)2、−POH(OH)、−SO2NHSO2−、および−Ph(OH)(Phはフェニル基を表す)などの陽イオン交換基、−NH2、−NHR、−NRR’、−NRR’R’’+、および−NH3 +(R、R’、R’’は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等を表す)などの陰イオン交換基である。これらのイオン交換基は、一種単独のものが含まれていてもよく、二種以上のものが含まれていてもよい。
前記電解質膜100は、前記電解質膜100の厚み方向において中心部から前記電極触媒層110と接する面側に向かって前記親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜100および前記電極触媒層110は、前記親水性基の濃度が最大である面同士が張り合わせてなる構成(I)が好ましく用いられる。
前記電解質膜200は、前記電解質膜200の厚み方向において中心部から前記電極触媒層210と接する面側に向かって前記親水性基の濃度が低くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜200および前記電極触媒層210は、前記親水性基の濃度が最低である面同士が張り合わせてなる構成(II)が好ましく用いられる。
前記他方の電極触媒層320は、前記電極触媒層320の厚み方向において電解質膜300側に向かって前記親水性基の濃度が低くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜300は、前記電解質膜300の厚み方向に向かって前記親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
一方の前記電極触媒層310の前記親水性基の濃度が高くなる側の面と、前記電解質膜300の前記親水性基の濃度が低くなる側の面とを張り合わせてなり、
他方の前記電極触媒層320の前記親水性基の濃度が低くなる側の面と、前記電解質膜300の前記親水性基の濃度が高くなる側の面とを張り合わせてなる燃料電池用膜電極接合体が好ましく挙げられる。
他方の前記電極触媒層420は、前記電極触媒層420の厚み方向において前記電解質膜400側に向かって前記親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜400および前記他方の電極触媒層420は、前記親水性基の濃度が最大である面同士が張り合わせてなる構成(IV)が好ましく用いられる。
、前記電極触媒層の厚さは、透過型電子顕微鏡の観察結果により測定した値とする。
1.親水化処理基板(A)の作製
濃度31wt%の過酸化水素水と濃硫酸とを体積比で3:7で混合し、80℃に熱することによりピラニア溶液を調製した。このピラニア溶液にガラス基板を、12時間浸漬することにより、親水化処理基板(A)を得た。
ピラニア溶液にガラス基板を、6時間浸漬させた以外は、親水化処理基板(A)の作製と同様にして、親水化処理基板(B)を得た。
ピラニア溶液にガラス基板を、1時間浸漬させた以外は、親水化処理基板(A)の作製と同様にして、親水化処理基板(C)を得た。
高分子電解質溶液としてNafion溶液((登録商標) DuPont社製 DE520、Nafion含量5wt%)を用い、前記Nafion溶液を上記で作製した親水化処理基板(B)に流延塗布し、大気雰囲気下、25℃、24時間かけて溶媒を除去した。前記親水化処理基板(B)上に得られた膜を、ピンセットで剥離することにより電解質膜(厚さ50μm、面積10cm×10cm)を作製した。電解質膜の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面、および、親水化処理基板と接していた親水面とは反対の反対面の水との接触角を表1に示す。
白金担持カーボン(田中貴金属工業株式会社製 TEC10E50E、白金含量46.5%)10g、Nafion(登録商標)/イソプロピルアルコール溶液(デュポン社製、Nafion5wt%含有)4.5g、純水50g、1−プロパノール(和光純薬工業社株式会社製 特級試薬)40g、2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業社株式会社製 特級試薬)40gを、25℃で保持するよう設定したウォーターバス中のガラス容器にて、ホモジナイザーを用いて3時間混合分散することで、電極触媒層インクを調製した。上記電極触媒層インクを親水化処理基板(C)上に流延塗布し、大気雰囲気下、25℃で24時間かけて溶媒を除去した。前記親水化処理基板(C)上に得られた膜を、ピンセットで剥離することにより、カソード側電極触媒層(厚さ20μm、面積5cm×5cm)を作製した。カソード側電極触媒層の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面、および、親水化処理基板と接していた親水面とは反対の反対面の水との接触角を表1に示す。
親水化処理基板(C)に代わって親水化処理基板(A)を用いた以外は、上述したカソード側電極触媒層の作製と同様にして、アノード側電極触媒層を作製した。アノード側電極触媒層表面の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面、および、親水化処理基板と接していた親水面とは反対の反対面の水との接触角を表1に示す。
上記で作製した電解質膜、カソード側電極触媒層、およびアノード側電極触媒層を、用いて膜電極接合体を組立てた。このとき、カソード側電極触媒層の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面と、電解質膜の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面とは反対の反対面と、を張り合わせ、アノード側電極触媒層の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面とは反対の反対面と、電解質膜の親水化処理基板と接していた親水面と、を張り合わせた。
親水化処理基板(B)に代わって、上記の実施例1で用いた親水化処理前のガラス基板を用いた以外は、上記の実施例1の「4.電解質膜の作製」の欄に記載の手法により、電解質膜を作製した。
以下の手法により、図1に示す形態の膜電極接合体を作製した。
以下の手法により、図2に示す形態の膜電極接合体を作製した。
以下の手法により、図3に示す形態の膜電極接合体を作製した。
以下の手法により、図4に示す形態の膜電極接合体を作製した。
図5〜図8に示すように、実施例2〜5で得られた本発明の膜電極接合体はいずれも、比較例の膜電極接合体と比較して、優れた発電性能を示した。これは、以下のメカニズムによるものと推測される。ただし、以下のメカニズムによって本発明の技術的範囲が制限されることはない。
110、210、310、320、410、420…電極触媒層。
Claims (9)
- 電解質膜の両面に電極触媒層が配置されてなる膜電極接合体において、
前記電極触媒層は、前記電極触媒層の厚み方向において前記電解質膜側に向かって親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜は、前記電解質膜の厚み方向において中心部から前記電極触媒層と接する面側に向かって親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜および前記電極触媒層は、前記親水性基の濃度が最大である面同士が張り合わされてなる、膜電極接合体。 - 電解質膜の両面に電極触媒層が配置されてなる膜電極接合体において、
前記電極触媒層は、前記電極触媒層の厚み方向において前記電解質膜側に向かって親水性基の濃度が低くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜は、前記電解質膜の厚み方向において中心部から前記電極触媒層と接する面側に向かって親水性基の濃度が低くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜および前記電極触媒層は、前記親水性基の濃度が最低である面同士が張り合わされてなる、膜電極接合体。 - 電解質膜の両面に電極触媒層が配置されてなる膜電極接合体において、
前記膜電極接合体の厚み方向において一方の前記電極触媒層から他方の前記電極触媒層に向かって親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有する、膜電極接合体。 - 電解質膜の両面に電極触媒層が配置されてなる膜電極接合体において、
一方の前記電極触媒層および前記電解質膜は、前記膜電極接合体の厚み方向において、一方の前記電極触媒層から他方の前記電極触媒層に向かって親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
他方の前記電極触媒層は、前記電極触媒層の厚み方向において前記電解質膜側に向かって親水性基の濃度が高くなる勾配を有し、
前記電解質膜および前記他方の電極触媒層は、前記親水性基の濃度が最大である面同士が張り合わされてなる、膜電極接合体。 - 前記親水性基は、高分子電解質におけるイオン交換基である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記イオン交換基は、−SO3H、−OH、−PO4 3−、−COOH、−PO(OH)2、−POH(OH)、−SO2NHSO2−、−Ph(OH)(Phはフェニル基を表す)、−NH2、−NHR、−NRR’、−NRR’R’’+、および−NH3 +(R、R’、R’’は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基である)よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項5に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記電解質膜は、高分子電解質溶液を親水性または疎水性の基板上で製膜することにより得られた膜を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体。
- 前記電極触媒層は、電極触媒層溶液を親水性または疎水性の基板上で製膜されてなるものである請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体を用いた燃料電池。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006236454A JP5109311B2 (ja) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-08-31 | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 |
CA2632783A CA2632783C (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-07 | Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell |
PCT/JP2006/324447 WO2007074616A1 (ja) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-07 | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 |
EP06834202A EP1968144B1 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-07 | Membrane electrode joint product and fuel cell using the same |
US12/086,059 US8003276B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-07 | Membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005376426 | 2005-12-27 | ||
JP2005376426 | 2005-12-27 | ||
JP2006236454A JP5109311B2 (ja) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-08-31 | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007200855A JP2007200855A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
JP5109311B2 true JP5109311B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
Family
ID=38217837
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006236454A Expired - Fee Related JP5109311B2 (ja) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-08-31 | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8003276B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1968144B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5109311B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2632783C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007074616A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12128118B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2024-10-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol dispenser containing a hairspray composition and a nitrogen propellant |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8415012B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2013-04-09 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Carbon nanotube and nanofiber film-based membrane electrode assemblies |
JP2008053084A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 燃料電池用膜・電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2008078128A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-04-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質膜、その積層体、及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP2008053101A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用膜・電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2008078127A (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-04-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質膜、その積層体、及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP4986219B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-07-25 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電解質膜 |
JP5298436B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2013-09-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 膜−電極接合体およびそれを備えた燃料電池 |
JP5432443B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-25 | 2014-03-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 膜電極接合体および燃料電池 |
DE102007060719A1 (de) * | 2007-12-09 | 2009-06-10 | FuMA-Tech Gesellschaft für funktionelle Membranen und Anlagentechnologie mbH | Brennstoffzelle, Protonen leitende Membran, Membran-Elektroden-Einheit, Verwendungen von Ionomeren und Kit |
JP5488780B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-22 | 2014-05-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用複合型電解質膜 |
WO2011009124A2 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Catalytic electrode with gradient porosity and catalyst density for fuel cells |
US20110159400A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-06-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Hybrid Catalyst System and Electrode Assembly Employing the Same |
US20110159403A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-06-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Layered Catalyst Assembly and Electrode Assembly Employing the Same |
US8940460B2 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2015-01-27 | Nissan North America, Inc. | Catalyst ink preparation for fuel cell electrode fabrication |
DE102013207900A1 (de) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-10-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit und Brennstoffzelle mit einer solchen |
CN116093388A (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2023-05-09 | Stc.Unm 公司 | 用于大功率燃料电池的智能mea的设计 |
US11618963B2 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2023-04-04 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Method for making ultralow platinum loading and high durability membrane electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3245929B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-09 | 2002-01-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 燃料電池及びその応用装置 |
JP3382655B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-03 | 2003-03-04 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 改良されてなる固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JP3382654B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-03 | 2003-03-04 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
US5607785A (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-03-04 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Polymer electrolyte electrochemical cell and process of preparing same |
JPH10106593A (ja) | 1996-09-30 | 1998-04-24 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池,その運転方法及び固体高分子型燃料電池システム |
JP4062755B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-27 | 2008-03-19 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 固体高分子電解質膜の製造方法 |
JP3781258B2 (ja) | 2000-03-07 | 2006-05-31 | スズキ株式会社 | 空調装置およびそのシステム |
JP2001319663A (ja) | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-16 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池とその製造方法 |
JP4714990B2 (ja) | 2000-12-28 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
US6713207B2 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2004-03-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Membrane electrode assembly, and solid polymer fuel cell using the assembly |
JP2003151565A (ja) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極およびそれを用いた燃料電池 |
JP4482352B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2010-06-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
US20050233203A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-10-20 | Hampden-Smith Mark J | Modified carbon products, their use in fluid/gas diffusion layers and similar devices and methods relating to the same |
JP2006172949A (ja) | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-29 | Daido Gakuen | 固体高分子形燃料電池、固体高分子形燃料電池装置、および固体高分子形燃料電池の作動方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-08-31 JP JP2006236454A patent/JP5109311B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-07 WO PCT/JP2006/324447 patent/WO2007074616A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-12-07 CA CA2632783A patent/CA2632783C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-07 EP EP06834202A patent/EP1968144B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-12-07 US US12/086,059 patent/US8003276B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12128118B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2024-10-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Aerosol dispenser containing a hairspray composition and a nitrogen propellant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007074616A1 (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1968144A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
US8003276B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
EP1968144B1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
US20090053577A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
JP2007200855A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
CA2632783A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1968144A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
CA2632783C (en) | 2011-07-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5109311B2 (ja) | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 | |
JP3760895B2 (ja) | 液体燃料供給型燃料電池、燃料電池用電極、およびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP5481820B2 (ja) | マイクロポーラス層およびこれを有するガス拡散層 | |
WO2005124903A1 (ja) | ガス拡散電極及び固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 | |
JPH11288727A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用膜・電極接合体 | |
JP5562509B1 (ja) | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層およびその製造方法 | |
JP5165205B2 (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極構造体 | |
KR20060086117A (ko) | 연료전지용 고분자 전해질막, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를포함하는 연료전지 시스템 | |
KR100637486B1 (ko) | 연료전지용 전해질막 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 | |
JP2007141588A (ja) | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体およびこれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池 | |
JPH10334923A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用膜・電極接合体 | |
US10873097B2 (en) | Electrode for fuel cell, membrane electrode complex body for fuel cell, and fuel cell | |
JP2007234359A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用膜電極構造体 | |
Scott | Membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells | |
KR20070087454A (ko) | 고분자막, 그 제조방법 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 | |
JP2006085984A (ja) | 燃料電池用mea、および、これを用いた燃料電池 | |
JP2009043688A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP4870360B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用電極および燃料電池並びに燃料電池用電極の製造方法 | |
JP5989344B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP5458774B2 (ja) | 電解質膜−電極接合体 | |
JP2008041352A (ja) | ガス拡散層及び燃料電池 | |
JP6356436B2 (ja) | 電解質膜・電極構造体 | |
JP2006185849A (ja) | 燃料電池用固体高分子電解質膜、および、その製造方法 | |
JP2009070631A (ja) | 電解質膜、膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体を用いた燃料電池 | |
JP2006179298A (ja) | 固体高分子電解質膜/電極接合体及びそれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20090327 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120515 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120711 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120731 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120816 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120911 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120924 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20151019 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |