JP4869602B2 - 被検物をマイクロ流体デバイスの多チャネルに分割する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
被検物をマイクロ流体デバイスの多チャネルに分割する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、概して、種々の生物学的及び化学的組成物の分析に応用されるようなマイクロ流体の分野に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、付与された遠心力及び装置内通路の表面特性から得られる毛細管力の両者を用いて分析を行う方法及び装置を提供する。
米国特許出願Ser. No. 10/082,415において、これらの従前利用可能であったものよりも有利なマイクロ流体デバイスが開示されている。このようなデバイスの一例は、多数のU字形毛細管ループを使用して、後続の分析のために計量された試料液体を提供する。
本発明は、分析デバイス内での分析のため、小さな生物学的試料を分割するためにマイクロ流体技術を使用する、改良された分析デバイスとして一般に特徴づけることができる。典型的には、このような試料は約0.3〜2.0μLの容積を有するが、計量工程数に依存して0.2〜200μLの範囲にあってもよい。
マイクロチャネル内のフロー
本発明を用いるデバイスは、典型的には、当該分野でこれまで研究者により提案されてきたチャネルよりも小さいチャネルを用いる。流体を移動させるために高圧(例えば100 psi以上)を用いない他者により用いられる別の変形例は、流体を移動させるために強い
動電力(例えば25 kV)を用いることであり、生物分子に損傷を与えかねない方法である。特に、毛細管力を用いて流体を移動させる場合に、本発明で用いるチャネルは約10〜500μmの範囲、好ましくは約20〜100μmの範囲にある幅を有し、一方、1桁大きいチャネルが他者により典型的に用いられている。このようなチャネルに対する最小寸法は、約5μmであるべきと考えられている。なぜなら、より小さいチャネルは分析される試料中の成分を効果的に濾過することができるからである。一般に、チャネルの深さは、幅よりも小さいであろう。本発明において好ましい範囲にあるチャネルは、フローを開始する時を除いて遠心力を用いることなく、液体試料を毛細管力によって移動させることを可能とする。例えば、試料流体に対して疎水性となるように処理された毛細管壁によって、移動を停止させることが可能である。抵抗する毛細管力は、例えば遠心力を与えることにより、ポンプで引くことにより、減圧にすることにより、電気浸透により、又は加熱することにより、好ましくは遠心力により、差圧によってうち破られ得る。差圧は、液体フローが確立されると、除かれてもよい。あるいは、毛細管壁を試料流体に対して親水性となるように処理するならば、流体は、遠心力その他の力を用いることなく毛細管力により流れるであろう。親水性栓がこのようなチャネルに含まれるならば、親水性栓の効果をうち破るような力を与えることによりフローを確立することができる。結果として、実施されるべき分析にとって必要であれば、液体を計量して、デバイスのある領域から他の領域に移動させることができる。
本発明の分析デバイスは、「チップ」とも呼ばれる。これらは一般に小さく平坦であり、典型的には約1〜2 in2(25〜50 mm2)であるか、又は約40〜80 mmの半径を有するディスクである。試料の容積は小さいであろう。例えば、被検物の総容積は0.2〜200μLの範囲であり得るが、試料は各アッセイに対してわずかに約0.3〜2.0μLを含むだけであろう。試料を容易に見ることができ、適切な設備で測定することができるように、試料流体用のウェルは、比較的幅広で浅い。相互接続する毛細管通路は、10〜500μmの範囲、好ましくは20〜100μmの範囲の幅を有し、形状は通路を形成するために用いられる方法により決定されるであろう。通路の深さは少なくとも5μmとすべきである。
・毛細管の長さは、フローを開始させるために必要な力に影響を与えない(試験1〜2、3〜4)
・毛細管の寸法を増加させると、フローを開始させるために必要な力が減少した(試験2〜3、5〜6)
・試料ウェルが回転中心から更に離れると、力はあまり必要でない(試験1〜5、3〜6)
これらのように試験によって与えられた情報は、回転速度を調節することにより必要な力を与えることで、必要に応じて液体試料を移動させることができるように、液体を含有するウェルのチップ上での位置及び相互接続する毛細管チャネルの寸法を決めることを可能とする。
図8は、別の例を示す。ここで、試料は計量ウェル12内で計量され、次いで試薬領域R1に移され、さらに、計量ウェル12a及び12b内の2種の二次試料に分割され、最後に、二次反応ウェルR2及びR3に移される。
図10は、別の例を示す。ここで、試料は、計量ウェル12内で計量される前に、試薬ウェルR1内で第1の試薬と最初に接触する。続いて、前反応した後の試料は、分析物の検出のために試薬ウェルR2に移される。
本発明のマイクロ流体デバイスは、多くの用途を有する。分析は、限定するものではないが、血液、尿、水、唾液、髄液、腸液、食物、血漿を含む多数の生物学的流体の試料で行うことができ、血液及び尿が特に興味深い。対象の流体試料を試料ウェル内に沈着させ、続いて、計量ウェル内で分析されるべき量に分割する。計量された試料を対象の分析物、例えばタンパク質、細胞、小さな有機分子又は金属について分析する。このようなタンパク質の例としては、アルブミン、HbA1c、プロテアーゼ、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、CRP、エステラーゼ及びBNPを挙げることができる。分析され得る細胞としては、大腸菌(E. coli)、シュードモナス(pseudomonas)、白血球、赤血球、H. pylori、連鎖球菌(strep a)、クラミジア(chlamdia)及び単核症(mononucleosis)を挙げることができる。検出されるべき金属としては、鉄、マンガン、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、カルシウム及びマグネシウムを挙げることができる。
分析物を第1のウェル内の試薬と反応させ、次いで反応した試薬を更なる反応のために第2のウェルに送る分離工程が可能である。さらに、試薬を第1のウェル内で再懸濁させて、反応のために第2のウェルに移動させることができる。分析物もしくは試薬を第1もしくは第2のウェル内に捕捉することができ、遊離試薬対結合試薬の判定を行うことができる。
固相(例えば、マイクロビーズ)上での試料分析物の豊富化(濃縮)は、感度を改良するために用いることができる。豊富化されたマイクロビーズは、連続遠心分離により分離することができる。多重化を用いて(例えば、平行して及び/又はシーケンスでの種々の試薬チャンバの計量)、各々が規定された別個の結果を与える多チャネルとすることができる。多重化は、多数の計量毛細管ループを含み入口と流体接続されている毛細管アレイあるいは投与チャネル及び/又は計量毛細管ループの各々に接続されている毛細管栓のアレイによりなされ得る。磁力などの二次的力との組み合わせをチップ設計に用いることができる。磁性ビーズなどの粒子は、試薬に対する担体として、分析物などの試料構成物質あるいは干渉物質の捕捉用として、用いられる。密度などの物理特性による粒子の分離(分割分画(split fractionation)に類似する)。
ダイヤモンドビットドリル及びレーザーを用いて、多チャネルデバイスを環状形状を有するプラスチックチップ内に作った。図2の配置と同様な配置で、6本の反応チャネルを中央の入口ウェルの各側に並べた。入口ウェルは容積37μLを有し、各計量ウェル及び反応ウェルは容積1μLを有し、廃棄物ウェルは37μLを保持するようにした。毛細管通路は、幅30μm、深さ30μmとした。ウェル及び毛細管チャネルのすべてをプラズマ活性化又は重合により親水性とした。液体がスペースを満たす際に、各ウェルを通気させて、空気を逃がすようにした。親水性毛細管栓を計量ウェル及び反応ウェルの出口に加えて、十分な遠心力が与えられない限り、接続毛細管通路を通して流れないようにした。20μLの尿試料を入口ウェル内に置いて、ここから毛細管11に吐出させ、次いで毛細管力により個々の計量ウェル又は反応ウェル12a〜12jに吐出させた。フローを毛細管栓14a〜14jにおいて停止させた。デバイスを3段階に増加する速度でスピン回転させて、液体を計量ウェルから第1の及び第2の反応ウェルに移動させ、最終的に廃棄物ウェルに移動させた。液体を計量ウェルから第1の反応ウェルまでは700 rpmの速度で移動させ、次いで第1の反応ウェルから第2の反応ウェルまでは1,300 rpmの速度で移動させ、最後に第2の反応ウェルから廃棄物ウェルまでは2,500 rpmの速度で移動させた。12本のチャネルの各々は、試料液体を計量ウェルから反応ウェルを通して廃棄物ウェルまで移動させたことがわかった。
図12は、計量ウェル12a〜12fの各々を用いて試料の一部を5個の反応ウェル、例えば13a〜13fのそれぞれに供給する点を除いて図2と同様である代替形状を示す。これらの反応ウェルのそれぞれから、さらに5種の反応ウェル15a〜15f(1〜5)のそれぞれに5種の追加の部分14a〜14f(1〜5)を計量した。一用途において、12aは2μLの試験体を10μLの溶解バッファを含む13aの反応領域に計量した。米国特許5,258,311号明細書に記載されているように、溶解バッファ内のリチウム塩は赤血球を溶解させ、抗体を糖化されたヘモグロビンのペプチドと反応させた。5種の追加のアリコート0.3μLを14a(1〜5)により計量して、米国特許5,372,918号明細書に記載されているように免疫試薬の凝集反応の測定によるHbA1c検出用の分離反応領域15a(1〜5)に移した。
Claims (16)
- 規定容量の生物学的流体試料を分析するための多目的マイクロ流体デバイスであって、
(a)試料を受け入れるための試料ウェルと;
(b)前記試料ウェルと液体連通した、分析するべき該試料の容量を規定する少なくとも2個の計量ウェルと;
(c)該試料を該試料ウェルから(b)の該少なくとも2個の計量ウェルのそれぞれへ毛細管作用により移すための(a)の該試料ウェルとそれぞれが液体連通する、約10〜500μmの幅と少なくとも5μmの深さとを有する親水性の毛細管通路と;
(d)該少なくとも2個の計量ウェルの各々と、約10〜500μmの幅と少なくとも5μmの深さとを有する親水性の毛細管通路を通して液体連通する、試薬ウェルと;
(e)(d)の該毛細管通路の各々に配設されている親水性または疎水性の毛細管栓であって、その毛細管栓のそれぞれは、毛細管通路からの入口と毛細管通路への出口とを有し、毛細管通路に、該毛細管栓の出口から該試薬ウェルへ伸びる該毛細管通路の部分とともに配設されている、前記毛細管栓と;
(f)(b)の該計量ウェルおよび(d)の該試薬ウェルから、空気を環境中に排気するための十分な通気チャネルと;
を含み、(a)の試料ウェル、(b)の計量ウェル、(d)の試薬ウェル、(f)の通気チャネル及び(e)の毛細管栓は平坦なチップ上に位置づけられており、毛細管通路はそのチップ内に形成されていてこれらのウェルを相互に接続し且つこれらのウェルを通気チャネルに接続し、こうして該生物学的流体試料を分析するデバイスを提供し、そして(c)および(d)の毛細管の親水性は、該生物学的流体試料とともに使用するために調整する、ことを特徴とする、前記生物学的流体試料分析用多目的マイクロ流体デバイス。 - (e)の毛細管栓が親水性栓である、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- (e)の該毛細管栓が疎水性栓である、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- (b)の試料が約0.3〜2.0μLの容積を有する、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該試料が、血液、尿、水、唾液、髄液、腸液、食物及び血漿からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該試料が、タンパク質、細胞、小さな有機分子又は金属について分析される、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該タンパク質が、アルブミン、ヘモグロビンA1c(HbA1c)、プロテアーゼ、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、c-反応性タンパク質(CRP)、エステラーゼ及び脳利尿ペプチド(BNP)からなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該細胞が、大腸菌(E. coli)、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)、白血球、赤血球、ヘリコバクター・ピロリ(H. pylori)、連鎖球菌(Strep a)、クラミジア(Chlamdia)及び単核球(Monocyte)からなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該金属が、鉄、マンガン、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、カルシウム及びマグネシウムからなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 該試料を前調整又は前反応させるため該試料ウェルと少なくとも2個の該計量ウェルのうちの少なくとも1個との間に配設され、(c)の少なくとも1個の毛細管通路のうちの1個に配設されている、調整ウェル又は試薬ウェルをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 少なくとも1個の計量ウェルに液体の試薬が供給される、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- (b)の一方の計量ウェル中で計量された試料を、二次的計量ウェル中の二次試料に分割する、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 試薬ウェルがキャリア上に配設される試薬を含有する、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- (d)の試薬ウェルの1個が、試薬ウェル中の試料の少なくとも一部を受け入れるための追加の試薬ウェルを伴う追加の毛細管通路を通して液体連通し、そして毛細管栓が追加の毛細管通路に配設されている、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- 第1の親水性毛細管通路を通して、毛細管作用により試薬ウェルの1個と液体連通し、そして第2の親水性毛細管通路を通して、毛細管作用により(b)の計量ウェルの1個と液体連通する、試料の容量を調整するための少なくとも1個の調整ウェルをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
- (d)の試薬ウェルから(a)の試料の一部を受け入れるための少なくとも1個の廃棄物ウェルをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の多目的デバイス。
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- 2003-12-11 WO PCT/US2003/039377 patent/WO2004061414A2/en active Application Filing
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EP1590429A2 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
WO2004061414A2 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
AU2003299602A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US20040121450A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
AU2003299602A8 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
JP2006511810A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
JP2010266453A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
EP1590429A4 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
WO2004061414A3 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
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