JP4837902B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4837902B2 JP4837902B2 JP2004187053A JP2004187053A JP4837902B2 JP 4837902 B2 JP4837902 B2 JP 4837902B2 JP 2004187053 A JP2004187053 A JP 2004187053A JP 2004187053 A JP2004187053 A JP 2004187053A JP 4837902 B2 JP4837902 B2 JP 4837902B2
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- gate electrode
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- semiconductor device
- etching
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 117
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 207
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 147
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 146
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 140
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 132
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 104
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 103
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 94
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 46
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 44
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 24
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 tetramethylammonium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H10D30/791—Arrangements for exerting mechanical stress on the crystal lattice of the channel regions
- H10D30/797—Arrangements for exerting mechanical stress on the crystal lattice of the channel regions being in source or drain regions, e.g. SiGe source or drain
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- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
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- H01L21/28506—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers
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- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
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- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
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- H10D64/251—Source or drain electrodes for field-effect devices
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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Description
SiGe層を成長させるためのシリコン基板のリセスは、一般的に使用されるKOHや沸硝酸をエッチング液とするウエットエッチングでも形成することができる。しかし、これらのエッチング液を使用したのでは、特許文献1の図1に示されるように、上記のリセスの側面が緩やかな曲面となるため、リセスの形状を制御するのが困難でとなる。そのため、リセスの側面の形状が素子毎にばらついて、MOSトランジスタの特性が素子毎に変動する恐れがある。
図1は、シリコンと二酸化シリコンに対するTMAH溶液のエッチング選択性を調査するために使用されたサンプルの断面図である。これらのサンプルのうち、サンプルS1は次のようにして作製された。
上記した図2、図3の実験では、ポリシリコン層3に対して不純物を導入しなかったが、ポリシリコン層3のエッチングレートが不純物濃度に依存すると推測される。この点を確かめるため、本願発明者は次のような実験を行った。
次に、第1実施形態で明らかとなったTMAH溶液と有機アルカリ溶液のエッチング特性を利用してシリコン基板にリセスを形成し、そのリセス内のSiGe層をソース/ドレインとするMOSトランジスタを作製する方法について説明する。
実施例ではゲート加工後に薄いスペーサを形成せずにエクステンションおよびポケット形成を行うプロセスで述べるが、エクステンションとゲートの最適なオーバーラップを形成するため5〜20nmの薄いスペーサを形成した後エクステンションおよびポケット注入を行う方法も可能である。また、nMOSあるいはpMOSのどちらか一方にのみスペーサを形成させる方法も可能である。スペーサの膜構成、形状には頓着せず、スペーサとしての機能を持つものであれば可能である。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第5実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第6実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第7実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
図17(a)、(b)は、本発明の第8実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造途中の断面図であり、図18はその平面図である。これらの図において、第2〜第6実施形態で既に説明した要素にはこれらの実施形態と同じ符号を付し、以下ではその説明を省略する。
図19は、本発明の第9実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造途中の断面図であり、図20はその平面図である。これらの図において、第8実施形態で既に説明した要素にはこれらの実施形態と同じ符号を付し、以下ではその説明を省略する。
次に、本発明の第10実施形態に係る半導体装置の評価方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第11実施形態に係る半導体装置の評価方法について説明する。
オゾンを照射して、図26に示すような二酸化シリコン層(誘電体層)51をシリコン基板40の表面に厚さ約1.0nm程度に形成する。
前記半導体基板の上に順に形成されたゲート絶縁膜及びゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極の横の前記半導体基板の穴に形成されたソース/ドレイン材料層と、
を有し、
前記穴の前記ゲート電極寄りの側面が、前記半導体基板の少なくとも一つの結晶面で構成されることを特徴とする半導体装置。
前記ゲート絶縁膜の上にゲート電極を形成する工程と、
前記ゲート電極の側面にサイドウォールを形成する工程と、
前記サイドウォールを形成した後に、有機アルカリ溶液又はTMAH(テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドライド)溶液をエッチング液として用いて、前記ゲート電極の横の前記半導体基板に穴を形成する工程と、
前記穴にソース/ドレイン材料層を形成する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
前記穴を形成した後に、前記ソース/ドレイン材料層と前記ゲート電極の上に高融点金属層を形成する工程と、前記高融点金属層を加熱して前記ゲート電極と反応させ、該ゲート電極の全体をシリサイド化する工程とを有することを特徴とする付記14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記穴を形成する工程において、前記穴を前記第1導電型不純物拡散領域よりも深く形成することを特徴とする付記14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記第2導電型不純物拡散領域を形成する工程は、前記ゲート電極と前記サイドウォールとをマスクにして第2導電型不純物を前記シリコン基板に導入して行われることを特徴とする付記17に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記第1サイドウォールを形成する工程の後に、該第1サイドウォールをマスクにしながら第1導電型不純物を前記シリコン基板に導入してソース/ドレイン領域を形成する工程を更に有することを特徴とする付記18に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記MOSトランジスタのゲート絶縁膜をウエットエッチングして除去することにより、前記MOSトランジスタのチャネルを露出させる工程と、
前記露出したチャネルにおけるキャリア分布を顕微鏡で調べる工程と、
を有することを有することを特徴とする半導体装置の評価方法。
前記不純物分布を調べる工程において、前記顕微鏡としてプローブ顕微鏡を使用することを特徴とする付記32に記載の半導体装置の評価方法。
前記不純物分布を調べる工程において、前記顕微鏡として走査容量顕微鏡又は走査拡がり抵抗顕微鏡を使用して、前記誘電体層の上から前記キャリア分布を調べることを特徴とする付記32に記載の半導体装置の評価方法。
Claims (7)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の上に順に形成されたゲート絶縁膜及びゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極の横の前記半導体基板の穴に形成された、チャネルに応力を印加するソース/ドレイン材料層と、
を有し、
前記穴の前記ゲート電極寄りの側面が、二つの異なる(111)面で構成され、該側面の断面形状が前記ゲート電極の下側に凹んだ凹状であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記半導体基板の表面の面方位が(001)であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体基板の表面の面方位が(110)であり、前記ゲート電極のゲート幅方向が前記半導体基板の[100]方向であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ゲート電極の側面にサイドウオールを有し、前記穴の上端部が、前記サイドウォールの下方に入り込み、前記ゲート電極下のチャネルとの距離が近づけられたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ゲート電極の全体が、高融点金属のシリサイドによって構成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ソース/ドレイン材料層はSiGe層であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ソース/ドレイン材料層は金属層であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
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JP2004187053A JP4837902B2 (ja) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-06-24 | 半導体装置 |
US11/009,011 US20050285203A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-12-13 | Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of evaluating semiconductor device |
KR1020040110853A KR100580308B1 (ko) | 2004-06-24 | 2004-12-23 | 반도체 장치와 그 제조 방법, 및 반도체 장치의 평가 방법 |
US12/003,100 US9093529B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2007-12-20 | Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of evaluating semiconductor device |
US12/859,372 US7989299B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2010-08-19 | Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of evaluating semiconductor device |
US14/665,969 US9437737B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2015-03-23 | Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of evaluating semiconductor device |
US15/232,343 US9825171B2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2016-08-09 | Semiconductor device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of evaluating semiconductor device |
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KR100580308B1 (ko) | 2006-05-16 |
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