JP4745242B2 - Cd20結合分子 - Google Patents
Cd20結合分子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4745242B2 JP4745242B2 JP2006533234A JP2006533234A JP4745242B2 JP 4745242 B2 JP4745242 B2 JP 4745242B2 JP 2006533234 A JP2006533234 A JP 2006533234A JP 2006533234 A JP2006533234 A JP 2006533234A JP 4745242 B2 JP4745242 B2 JP 4745242B2
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Images
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Description
本発明は、CD20結合分子およびCD20結合分子をコード化する核酸配列に関する。特に本発明は、ヒトのCD20に対して高い結合親和力と低い解離速度を有するCD20結合分子に関する。本発明のCD20結合分子は、完全にヒトのフレームワーク(例えばヒトの生殖細胞系フレームワーク)を有する軽鎖および/または重鎖可変領域を含んでいるのが望ましい。
本発明は、CD20結合分子およびCD20結合分子をコード化する核酸配列を提供する。特に本発明は、ヒトのCD20に対して高い結合親和力と低い解離速度を有するCD20結合分子を提供する。本発明のCD20結合分子は、完全にヒトのフレームワーク(例えばヒトの生殖細胞系フレームワーク)を有する軽鎖および/または重鎖可変領域を含んでいることが望ましい。
本発明の理解を助ける目的で、多くの用語が以下のように定義される。
本発明は、CD20結合分子およびCD20結合分子をコード化する核酸配列を提供する。特に本発明は、ヒトのCD20に関して高い結合親和力と低い解離速度を有するCD20結合分子を提供する。本発明のCD20結合分子は、完全にヒト型のフレームワーク(例えばヒトの生殖細胞系フレームワーク)を有する軽鎖および/または重鎖可変領域を含んでいるのが望ましい。発明の説明は、便宜上、I.CD20結合分子、II.CD20結合分子の作成、III.治療用の調剤および使用、およびIV.それ以外のCD20結合分子の使用、に分類される。
本発明は望ましい性質をもったCD20結合分子を提供する。特にある実施形態では、CD20結合分子はヒトのCD20に対し高い結合親和性(Kd)を有している。ある実施形態では、CD20結合分子はヒトのCD20に対し低い解離速度(koff)を有している。好適な実施形態では、本発明のCD20結合分子は、高い親和性と低い解離速度を有し、低濃度で有効である。従って、当発明を実践または理解する必要なくして、高親和性と低解離速度を有する本発明のCD20結合分子が特にヒトの治療用に優れており、リツキサン(C2B8)のような他の抗CD20分子と比べてHACA反応を引き起こす可能性が小さい事が理解される。
表1 軽鎖CDR
表2 重鎖CDR
* 残基の番号付けにはカバット(Kabat)の方法を採用した。CDRはカバット(Kabat)およびコチア(Chothia)の残基を含む。
(1) 疎水性:ノルロイシン、met、ala、val、leu、ile
(2) 中性親水性:cys、ser、thr
(3) 酸性:asp、glu
(4) 塩基性:asn、gln、his、lys、arg
(5) 鎖の方向付けに影響を与える残基:gly、pro
(6) 芳香族:trp、tyr、phe
同類置換は、あるクラスのメンバーを同じクラスの別のメンバーで置き換える。本発明は、表1および2に示されている核酸配列の補体、および減密度が低い、中程度、また高い条件下でこのような核酸配列とハイブリダイズする核酸配列も提供する。
好適な実施形態では、本発明のCD20結合分子は抗体または抗体断片(例えば本出願に記載の一つまたはそれ以上のCDR)を含む。本発明の抗体または抗体断片は、例えば、免疫グロブリンの軽鎖および重鎖遺伝子を宿主細胞内で組み換え・発現させる事により生成できる。抗体を組み換え・発現させるため、例えば、軽鎖および重鎖が宿主細胞の中で表現され、また望ましくは宿主細胞が培養され、そこから抗体が回収されるような培地中に分泌されるように抗体の免疫グロブリン軽鎖および重鎖をコード化するDNA断片を含んだ、一つ以上の組み換え発現ベクターが宿主細胞に導入されることがある。標準の組み換えDNA技術を使用して、抗体の重鎖および軽鎖遺伝子が得られ、これらの遺伝子を組み換え・発現ベクターに挿入し、そのベクターを宿主細胞に導入することもできる。このような方法は、いずれも参照として本出願に編入されている、サムブルック(Sambrook)、フリッチュ(Fritsch)およびマニアティス(Maniatis)編、分子クローニング(Molecular Cloning)、実験室手引書(A Laboratory Manual)、第2版、ニューヨーク州コールド・スプリング・ハーバー(Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.)、(1989)、オースベル(Ausubel、F.M.)ら編、分子生物学の現在の実験記録(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology)、グリーン・パブリッシング・アソシエーツ(Greene Publishing Associates)(1989)、およびボス(Boss)らによる米国特許番号4,816,397などに記載されている。
本発明のCD20結合分子(例えば抗体および抗体の断片)は疾病に罹った被験者を治療するのに有効である。CD20結合分子はまた診断にも使用される(例えば標識付きCD20結合分子を組織の画像化に使用)。好適な実施形態では、CD20結合分子はB細胞の増殖が無限に継続することを特徴とするB細胞リンパ腫の患者に投与される。
本発明のCD20結合分子、例えば抗CD20ペプチドおよび/または抗体は、サンプル中またはCD20を含むB細胞中のCD20を検出または定量する免疫測定に有効である。CD20の免疫測定には通常、検出可能な標識付けのされた高親和性の抗CD20ペプチドおよび/または選択的にCD20に結合することのできる本発明の抗体の存在下における成体サンプルの培養、およびサンプル中で結合した標識のついたペプチドあるいは抗体の検出が含まれる。種々の臨床分析方法は当技術分野で知られている。
この実施例はいくつかのCD20結合分子の作成方法を説明する。特にこの実施例は、11の異なるCD20結合分子(AME 21E1 Hum、AME 6F1、AME 2C2、AME 1D10、AME 15、AME 18、AME 33、AME 5−3、AME 1C2、AME 4H5およびAME 5)の作成方法、および例えばFabや完全なIgGとして発現させる方法を説明する。
表3 典型的なCD20結合分子における軽鎖および重鎖CDR
表4 名前のついたCD20結合分子の生産に使用されるヒトの生殖細胞系フレームライン
本実施例では、CD20結合分子を使った固定ラモス細胞ELISA結合分析を説明する。本実施例では、FabおよびIgGとして発現するAME 4H5、AME 15、AME 18、AME 33およびAME 1D10を検定し、全体的な結合、オフレートおよびオンレートを特に測定した。本実施例は、当社のC2B8 fabおよび全抗体、および比較のために市販のリツキサン(オンコロジー・サプライ社(Oncology Supply Co.))を同じ分析条件下で試験した。C2B8抗体は保管番号69119でATCCに保管されている。
本実施例は免疫蛍光生体Bリンパ腫結合分析を記述する。特に、以下に示すように、AME 33、AME 5およびC2B8のFabを分析した。
末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、Ficol−Hypaque(Sigma−1077)上で浮遊法により正常なヒトの血液から単離した。細胞を計数し、再びPBS+1%BSAに懸濁して、2〜5X106細胞/mlが得られた。100μlの希釈細胞をポリスチレン・チューブ(ファルコン(Falcon)#2058)に入れ、PBS+1%BSAで希釈した抗CD20 Fab抗体を加えた。チューブを室温で1時間培養した。PBS+1%BSA4mlを各チューブに加え、300XGで10分遠心分離した。上清を除き、細胞を再びPBS100μl+1%BSAに懸濁した。Anti−Penta−His AlexaFluor 488複合体(キアゲン(Qiagen)#35310)をチューブ当たり2μlずつ加え、混合し、室温、暗室で、1時間培養した。サンプルを前出の方法で洗浄した。上清を除き、細胞を再びPBS+1%BSA+2μg/mlヨウ化プロピジウムに懸濁した。蛍光性をBecton Dickinson FACScanまたはFACSortフローサイトメーターで分析し、データをCell Quest(ベクトン・ディッキンソン(Becton Dickinson))またはWinMDIソフトを使って解析した。
本実施例は、種々のCD20 IgGのKd、KonおよびKoffを測定するための分析を記述する。特に本分析は、SKW6.4 Bリンパ腫細胞との結合の面で、AME 33、AME 5、AME 6F1およびC2B8抗体を試験し、KinExa平衡ソフトを使ってこのような分子のKd、KonおよびKoffを測定した。さらに、AME 33およびC2B8については、原発性ヒト末梢血B細胞との結合を試験した。
SKW6.4細胞を10%FCS添加のDMEM培地で成長させ、5〜10X105細胞/mlで収穫した。細胞を5容積のPBSで洗浄し、1%BSAを含むPBSに再び懸濁した(1X108細胞/ml)。ヒト末梢血B細胞は、新鮮なCD19選別B細胞をオールセルズ社(Allcells)から入手した。細胞を1%BSAを含むPBSで2度洗浄し、濃度8X107/mlで再び懸濁した。
表5
SKW6.4細胞を10%のFCSを添加したDMEM培地で成長させ、5〜10X105細胞/mlで収穫した。細胞を5容量のPBSで洗浄し、1%のBSAを含むPBSに再び懸濁(約lX107細胞/ml)し、37℃の水浴に維持した。同容積の抗体(1%BSAを含むPBSに100ng/ml)を37℃で加え、実験の計時が開始された。60秒から10800秒の間隔で抗体細胞溶液のサンプルを採取し、濾過し、細胞と結合抗体を除去した。残っている遊離抗体を各時間単位に上述のELISAを使って定量した。
本実施例では、抗体依存性細胞障害活性(ADCC)を媒介する能力に関して、作動体としてヒト末梢血単核細胞、標的としてBリンパ腫細胞株を使って、AME5、AME33、AME6F1 IgGおよびC2B8抗体を試験した。この分析は以下に記述する方法で行った。
健康なドナーから得た末梢血をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)(pH7.0)を使って1:2に希釈した。Histopaque−1077(シグマ(Sigma)、カタログ番号1077−1)12mlを希釈サンプルの下の相に注意して置き、水平ローター付きSorvall RT6000B遠心分離機を使い(ブレーキ・オフ)、1000rpmで10分間遠心分離した。PBMCを含む中間相を集め、ハンクス液(ギブコ(Gibco))で3度洗浄した。洗浄した細胞ペレットを、10%の牛胎児血清(FBS)(オメガ・サイエンティフィック(Omega Scientific))を含むRPMI 1640培地(ATCC)20mLに懸濁した。再懸濁したPBMCを二つのT−175培養フラスコに分け、それぞれにRPMI/10%FBS30mLを加えた。フラスコを37℃/5%CO2インキュベーターで培養した。翌日、付着していないPBMCを集め、上述のように遠心分離し、1%FBSを含むRPMIに再懸濁し、血球計数器を使って計数した。
Bリンパ腫細胞株をATCCから入手し、手引書に従って成長させた。実験の前日細胞を1:2に分けた。翌日濃度を0.5から1X106細胞/mLに調整し、50μL(25,000から50,000細胞/ウェル)をベクトン・ディッキンソン(Becton Dickinson)96ウェルU底組織培養プレートに加えた。
1%FBSを含むRPMIでサンプルを希釈する事により、IgG希釈液を生成した。IgG50μlを96ウェル・マイクロタイター・プレートの標的細胞に加え、ピペットを使って穏やかに混合した。作動体細胞を加える前に、37℃/5%CO2の条件下で、IgGを標的細胞と一緒に15分培養した。
再懸濁したPBMC100μlを標的細胞/IgGプレートの各ウェルに加えた。作動体と標的の比が10〜20:1になるようにPBMCの濃度を調整した。プレートを37℃/5%CO2の条件下で3〜4時間培養した。
培養の後、プレートを1000〜2000rpmで5〜10分間遠心分離した。ペレット状の細胞を避けながら、上清50μlを注意して除去した。ウェル当たりPBS50plを含むDynex Immulon 2HB平底プレートにこの上清を直接加えた。このプレートにLDH検出試薬(ロシュ(Roche))100μlを加えた。プレートを約15〜30分間培養し、Molecular Devices Vmax Kinetic Microplate Readerを使って、490nmでODを読み取った。
データは対数IgG濃度対A490として記された(図15参照)。A490は次の式を使って細胞障害作用%に転換された。
細胞障害作用%=(実験A490−基底A490)/(最大A490−基底A490)X100
ここで最大A490は標的細胞に2%Triton X−100を加える事により決定された。基底−放出は、感作IgGの不在下に作動体および標的細胞の混合物に関して測定された。図15に示されるデータによると、Fc変異体D280HおよびK290Sを含むAME33のEC50は、C2B8よりも一貫して1.5〜2.0倍低かったことが示されている。このデータは以下の表6にも示されている。
表6 推定EC50s, μg/ml(標的:Wil−2細胞)
本実施例は、ある種のCD20結合分子に適用した糖鎖工学法を説明する。特に、野生型または突然変異(D280HまたはK290S)Fc領域を含むAME 1C2 IgGをβ(1−4)−N−アセチルグルコサミニルトランスフェラーゼIII酵素と一緒にCHO細胞の中で発現させる事により、Fc領域で切断されたオリゴ糖の発現を増加させた。糖鎖工学とFc変異領域の組み合わせは、修飾していない1C2または市販のリツキサン抗体と比べ、ADCC分析において1C2のEC50を減少させた。方法は以下に記載する。
本実施例は、種々のCD20結合分子を使って行なった生体外アポプトシス分析について記述する。特にAME 5、AME 33、AME 6F1(全て抗体全体)およびC2B8抗体を使い、抗ヒトIgGとの架橋結合によりラモスBリンパ腫細胞株のアポプトシスを誘発する能力を試験した。分析の方法は以下の通りである。
ラモスBリンパ腫細胞株(ATCC)を、使用の24時間前に1:2に分けた。分析の当日、ラモス細胞を遠心分離し(1,000rpmで5分)、PBSで洗浄し、RPMIおよび10%の加熱不活性FBS(培地)に再び懸濁した(細胞濃度:5X105細胞/ml)。6ウェル組織培養プレートにウェル当たり100万の細胞を加えた。一次抗体を指定濃度で細胞に加え、プレートを15分間穏やかに振盪し、さらに45分間37℃に戻した。予め温めておいたヤギの抗ヒトIgG(10μg/ml)または培地を特定のウェルに加え、プレートを37℃で6時間培養した。
本実施例は、ヒトの補体およびWil−2Bリンパ腫細胞株(標的)を使い、補体依存性細胞障害作用を媒介する効果に関して、C2B8抗体、シナジス(対照)およびAME抗体である6F1、2C2、1D10、15、18および33を試験した結果を記載する。
本実施例では、多くのCD20結合分子を生体内で試験するために使用された分析について説明する。
本実施例は、これだけに限定されるものではないが、非ホジキンスリンパ腫(NHL)および全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)から選択され、これらに限定されない疾病を含む、ヒトの患者の疾病の治療および予防的治療のためのCD20結合分子の用法にについて記述する。
Claims (8)
- 抗CD20抗体または抗体断片がヒトCD20に対して5.0×10−10M以下の結合親和性(Kd)を有し、ヒトCD20に対して5.0×10−4s−1以下の解離速度(koff)を有し、抗CD20抗体または抗体断片が:
a)i)配列番号5のCDRL1アミノ酸配列;
ii)配列番号13のCDRL2アミノ酸配列;および
iii)配列番号19のCDRL3アミノ酸配列
を含む軽鎖可変領域と;
b)i)配列番号25のCDRH1アミノ酸配列;
ii)配列番号39のCDRH2アミノ酸配列;および
iii)配列番号57のCDRH3アミノ酸配列
を含む重鎖可変領域
とを含む、抗CD20抗体または抗体断片を含む組成物。 - 軽鎖可変領域が完全にヒト型のフレームワークまたはヒトの生殖細胞系フレームワークを含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 重鎖可変領域が完全にヒト型のフレームワークまたはヒトの生殖細胞系フレームワークを含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 軽鎖可変領域が配列番号59のアミノ酸配列を含み、重鎖可変領域が配列番号61のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の組成物。
- 軽鎖可変領域が配列番号59のアミノ酸配列からなり、重鎖可変領域が配列番号61のアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれか記載の組成物。
- B細胞リンパ腫治療用組成物の調製のための請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の組成物の使用。
- 非ホジキンリンパ腫の治療用組成物の調製のための請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の組成物の使用。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の組成物および医薬的に許容される担体を含む、医薬製剤。
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