JP4549918B2 - バイオマスのガス化方法 - Google Patents
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- JP4549918B2 JP4549918B2 JP2005117101A JP2005117101A JP4549918B2 JP 4549918 B2 JP4549918 B2 JP 4549918B2 JP 2005117101 A JP2005117101 A JP 2005117101A JP 2005117101 A JP2005117101 A JP 2005117101A JP 4549918 B2 JP4549918 B2 JP 4549918B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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Description
この方法においては、700℃以下の反応温度ではタールが副生し、それがガス化炉内部や下流の熱回収装置、ガス洗浄装置、さらにはシフト反応装置、CO2除去装置、メタノール合成装置にまでもおよんで閉塞や反応収率の低下を招く結果となる。それをさけるためガス化炉の温度を700℃以上に維持しようとすると、より多くのバイオマスを燃焼させる必要があり、このため目的とするガスの収率が低下する上に、ガス化炉の構造材料を耐熱性の高いものとする必要がある。さらに、上記燃焼のために空気または酸素をガス化炉に導入しなければならないが、空気を用いると生成ガスを窒素で希釈してしまう結果となり、また酸素を用いる場合、空気から純酸素を精製するための煩雑な工程が必要となり、製造コストの点においても不利である。
ガス化炉からガス分解炉にいたる過程で、分解生成物の重合や縮合反応が進むと考えられ、またガス化炉からの生成ガスをガス分解炉に導く段階で新たに加熱を行わなければならないため、熱効率の点で不利である。さらに、ガス分解炉で用いる触媒の劣化が激しく、頻繁な交換を要する。
無触媒の反応であるため、タールの生成を防ぐためにはガス化炉の温度を700℃以上、より好ましくは800℃以上とする必要があり、流動床炉はさらに高温を要するため、それらの炉の構造材料を高価な耐熱材料とする必要がある。また、ガス化炉内のバイオマスの加熱は、主として炉壁からの輻射にたよることとなり、伝熱効率に限りがある。したがって、装置の熱効率が低くなる。
この方法で用いられる触媒は高価であり、また劣化をさけられない。
2 再生ゾーン
3 隔壁
4 サイクロン
Claims (5)
- ガス化反応ゾーンと再生ゾーンを備え、両者の間を触媒機能および/または熱媒体機能を有するガス化促進剤を循環させ、ガス化反応ゾーンにバイオマスを含む有機物を投入してガス化剤とガス化促進剤の存在下でガス化させ、炭素分などの吸着副生物が表面に沈着したガス化促進剤を再生ゾーンに導いて、前記再生ゾーンにおいてガス化促進剤に付着した吸着副生物を燃焼により、または部分燃焼と炭素質ガス化反応により除去し、このようにして再生された加熱状態のガス化促進剤を前記ガス化反応ゾーンに再循環させる工程を含むバイオマスのガス化方法であって、
前記ガス化反応ゾーンと再生ゾーンとを、熱伝導性を有する隔壁を介して隣接させ、前記再生ゾーンからガス化反応ゾーンへの放射、伝導ならびに対流による熱の移動を前記隔壁を介して行い、これによりこのような熱の移動がない場合と比べて再生ゾーンの温度を低減させるとともに、ガス化のための装置の自動温度調整機能を高めたことを特徴とする、バイオマスのガス化方法。 - 前記ガス化反応ゾーンおよび再生ゾーンにおける温度条件が、ガス化反応ゾーンにおいて400℃〜800℃であり、再生ゾーンにおいては、ガス化反応ゾーンより25℃〜300℃高い温度範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化における前記ガス化促進剤が、スメクタイト粘土、バーミキュライト粘土、カオリン-蛇紋石粘土、緑泥石粘土およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化におけるガス化剤が、水蒸気を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化反応ゾーンの流動層部分の水平方向断面の周長に対して、ガス化反応ゾーンと再生ゾーンを隔てる壁の長さが、20%以上を占める、請求項1に記載の方法。
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JP5256661B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-09 | 2013-08-07 | 株式会社Ihi | ガス化方法及びガス化システム |
KR101781729B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-09-25 | 주식회사 이엠이노베이션 | 열매체 순환형 가연성물질 열화학적 전환 시스템 |
JP6914539B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-07 | 2021-08-04 | 特定非営利活動法人 Apex | 流動層から固形物を分離する方法および装置 |
KR101717724B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | 주식회사 한울엔지니어링 | 열매체 순환형 가연성물질 열화학적 전환 방법 및 시스템 |
Citations (3)
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JP2003025168A (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-29 | Kitamura Mach Co Ltd | 空圧利用機器を備えた機械 |
JP2003041268A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Hitoshi Inoue | バイオマスのガス化方法 |
JP2004168872A (ja) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-17 | Plantec Inc | ガス化された固形燃料の改質装置及びその改質方法 |
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JP2003025168A (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-29 | Kitamura Mach Co Ltd | 空圧利用機器を備えた機械 |
JP2003041268A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Hitoshi Inoue | バイオマスのガス化方法 |
JP2004168872A (ja) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-17 | Plantec Inc | ガス化された固形燃料の改質装置及びその改質方法 |
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