JP4403965B2 - 電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、プロセスカートリッジ並びに電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、プロセスカートリッジ並びに電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4403965B2 JP4403965B2 JP2004380197A JP2004380197A JP4403965B2 JP 4403965 B2 JP4403965 B2 JP 4403965B2 JP 2004380197 A JP2004380197 A JP 2004380197A JP 2004380197 A JP2004380197 A JP 2004380197A JP 4403965 B2 JP4403965 B2 JP 4403965B2
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005560 fluorosilicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZWLNMOIEMTDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC CZWLNMOIEMTDJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007760 metering rod coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M molport-000-691-708 Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Ga](Cl)N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 PRMHOXAMWFXGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISGXOWLMGOPVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ISGXOWLMGOPVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRQWWCJWSIOWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-J octadecanoate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O VRQWWCJWSIOWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DAWBXZHBYOYVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-J oxalate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DAWBXZHBYOYVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBRNKSXHHJRNHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L p0997 Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Sn](Cl)(Cl)N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 BBRNKSXHHJRNHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006215 polyvinyl ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical class N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWZATVIRTOMCCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(2-methylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1C MWZATVIRTOMCCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQEGZYAXBCFSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(4-methylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 XQEGZYAXBCFSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
を備えることを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の電子写真感光体の第1実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図1に示す電子写真感光体1は、導電性基体2上に、下引き層4、電荷発生層5、電荷輸送層6がこの順で積層された構造を有している。また、電子写真感光体1は、電荷発生層5及び電荷輸送層6から構成されている機能分離型の感光層3を備えるものである。ここで、電荷輸送層6は感光体3における表面層、すなわち導電性基体2から最も遠い側に配置される層であり、上記した条件を満たす特定のフッ素樹脂粒子を含有している。
R(%)=(NA+NC)/(NA+NB+NC+ND)×100 …(1)
次に、本発明の電子写真感光体の製造方法の好適な実施形態について説明する。なお、本発明の電子写真感光体の製造方法は、感光層以外の電子写真感光体の他の構成要素の製造工程における手順やその際の条件は特に限定されず、例えば、公知の薄膜製造技術を用いることができる。
次に、本発明の電子写真装置の好適な実施形態について説明する。
次に、本発明のプロセスカートリッジの好適な実施形態について説明する。
<下引き層形成用塗布液の調製>
酸化亜鉛「SMZ−017N」(テイカ社製、商品名)100質量部とトルエン500質量部とを攪拌混合し、これにシランカップリング剤「A1100」(日本ユニカー社製、商品名)2質量部を添加し、更に5時間攪拌した。次いで、トルエンを減圧蒸留にて留去し、120℃で2時間の焼き付けを行い、表面処理酸化亜鉛を得た。得られた表面処理酸化亜鉛を蛍光X線により分析した結果、Si元素強度は亜鉛元素強度の1.8×10−4であった。
電荷発生材料として、Cu−kα線を用いたX線回折スペクトルのブラッグ角度(2θ±0.2°)において、7.4°、16.6°、25.5°及び28.3°の位置に回折ピークを有する塩化ガリウムフタロシアニンを準備した。そして、これを15質量部、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂「VMCH」(日本ユニオンカーバイト社製、商品名)10質量部およびn−ブチルアルコール300質量部を混合した混合物を、サンドミルにて4時間分散することにより電荷発生層形成用塗布液を得た。なお、X線回折スペクトルの測定は、粉末法によりCuKα特性X線を用いて、以下の条件で行った。
使用測定器:理学電機社製X線回折装置Miniflex
X線管球:Cu
管電流:15mA
スキャン速度:5.0deg./min
サンプリング間隔:0.02deg.
スタート角度(2θ):5deg.
ストップ角度(2θ):35deg.
ステップ角度(2θ):0.02deg.
先ず、乳化重合により得られた4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子に照射量2×102C/kgの条件でガンマ線を照射したものを準備した。この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子は、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅は0.235であった。また、融点は332℃であった。なお、半値幅についてはガンマ線照射前後で変化はなかった。そして、ガンマ線照射後の4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子8質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亜合成株式会社製)0.16質量部と、テトロヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。なお、本実施形態において、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子のX線回折スペクトルの測定は、粉末法によりCuKα特性X線を用いて、以下の条件で行った。
使用測定器:理学電機社製X線回折装置Miniflex
X線管球:Cu
管電流:15mA
スキャン速度:5.0deg./min
サンプリング間隔:0.02deg.
スタート角度(2θ):5deg.
ストップ角度(2θ):35deg.
ステップ角度(2θ):0.02deg.
30mmφのアルミニウム基体を準備し、このアルミニウム基体上に、上記で得られた下引層形成用塗布液を浸漬塗布法により塗布した。続いて、これを160℃で、100分間乾燥し硬化することにより、膜厚20μmの下引層を形成した。
<電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液の調製>
先ず、乳化重合により得られた4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子に照射量1×10 3 C/kgの条件でガンマ線を照射したものを準備した。この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子は、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅は0.212であった。また、融点は313℃であった。なお、半値幅についてはガンマ線照射前後で変化はなかった。そして、ガンマ線照射後の4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子10質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亞合成株式会社製)0.20質量部と、テトラヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。
電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液1の代わりに、上記で得られた電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液2を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の電子写真感光体を得た。
<電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液の調製>
先ず、乳化重合により得られた4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子に照射量2×102C/kgの条件でガンマ線を照射したものを準備した。この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子は、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅は0.259であった。また、融点は329℃であった。なお、半値幅についてはガンマ線照射前後で変化はなかった。そして、ガンマ線照射後の4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子12質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亜合成株式会社製)0.24質量部と、テトロヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。
<電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液の調製>
先ず、乳化重合により得られた4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子に照射量5×10 3 C/kgの条件でガンマ線を照射したものを準備した。この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子は、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅は0.259であった。また、融点は329℃であった。なお、半値幅についてはガンマ線照射前後で変化はなかった。そして、ガンマ線照射後の4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子12質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亞合成株式会社製)0.24質量部と、テトラヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。
電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液1の代わりに、上記で得られた電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液3を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の電子写真感光体を得た。
<電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液の調製>
先ず、乳化重合により得られた、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅が0.235である4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子を準備した。なお、この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子の融点は335℃であった。そして、この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子8質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亜合成株式会社製)0.16質量部と、テトロヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。
電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液1の代わりに、上記で得られた電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液4を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の電子写真感光体を得た。
<電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液の調製>
先ず、乳化重合により得られた4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子に照射量5×10 5 C/kgの条件でガンマ線を照射したものを準備した。この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子は、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において18°付近に回折ピークを有し、その半値幅は0.320であった。また、融点は332℃であった。なお、半値幅についてはガンマ線照射前後で変化はなかった。そして、この4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子8質量部と、分散助剤としてフッ素系グラフトポリマー(GF300、東亞合成株式会社製)0.16質量部と、テトラヒドロフラン49質量部と、トルエン21質量部とを十分に攪拌混合して、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子懸濁液を調製した。
電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液1の代わりに、上記で得られた電荷輸送層(表面層)形成用塗布液5を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の電子写真感光体を得た。
実施例1〜3及び比較例1、2で得られた電子写真感光体について、以下の方法により画質評価を行った。
Claims (6)
- 導電性基体上に感光層が形成された電子写真感光体であって、
前記感光層が、前記導電性基体から最も遠い側にフッ素系樹脂粒子を含有する表面層を有し、
前記表面層におけるフッ素系樹脂粒子は、4フッ化エチレンの重合体の粒子を、照射量50C/kg〜1×10 5 C/kgのガンマ線で照射したものであって、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において少なくとも16〜18°の範囲に半値幅0.26以下の解析ピークを示し、且つ一次粒子および二次粒子の総粒子個数に占める粒径1μm以下の粒子の個数割合が80%以上であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体 - 前記表面層が、フッ素系グラフトポリマーをさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 導電性基体上に感光層が形成され、該感光層が前記導電性基体から最も遠い側にフッ素系樹脂粒子を含有する表面層を備える電子写真感光体の製造方法であって、
照射量50C/kg〜1×105C/kgのガンマ線で照射された4フッ化エチレンの重合体の粒子であって、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において少なくとも16〜18°の範囲に半値幅0.26以下の解析ピークを示し、且つ一次粒子および二次粒子の総粒子個数に占める粒径1μm以下の粒子の個数割合が80%以上であるフッ素系樹脂粒子を準備する工程と、
前記工程で準備されたフッ素系樹脂粒子、結着樹脂、及び有機溶媒を混合して塗布液を得る塗布液調製工程と、
前記塗布液調製工程で得られた塗布液を塗布し、前記有機溶媒を除去することにより、CuKα特性X線に対するブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において少なくとも16〜18°の範囲に半値幅0.26以下の解析ピークを示し、且つ一次粒子および二次粒子の総粒子個数に占める粒径1μm以下の粒子の個数割合が80%以上であるフッ素系樹脂粒子を含有する表面層を形成する表面層形成工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造方法。 - 前記塗布液調製工程において、フッ素系グラフトポリマーをさらに混合して塗布液を得ることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子写真感光体の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電装置と、
帯電した前記電子写真感光体を露光して静電潜像を形成させる露光装置と、
前記静電潜像を現像してトナー像を形成する現像装置と、
前記トナー像を被転写体に転写する転写装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする電子写真装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の電子写真感光体と、
前記電子写真感光体を帯電させる帯電装置、露光により形成された静電潜像を現像してトナー像を形成する現像装置、前記電子感光体上に残存するとマーを除去するクリーニング装置から選ばれた少なくとも1種と、
を備えることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。
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JP5724471B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-05-27 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、画像形成装置およびプロセスカートリッジ |
US9389525B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2016-07-12 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Fluorine-containing resin particle dispersion, method for preparing fluorine-containing resin particle dispersion, coating liquid which contains fluorine-containing resin particles, method for preparing coating film which contains fluorine-containing resin particles, coating film which contains fluorine-containing resin particles, molded body, electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for preparing electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
JP2014095884A (ja) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-05-22 | Sharp Corp | トナーおよび電子写真感光体を用いた画像形成装置 |
JP5719886B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-05-20 | シャープ株式会社 | 電子写真感光体及びそれを用いた画像形成装置 |
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JP2015028573A (ja) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 表面層用塗布液の製造方法、表面層用塗布液、該表面層用塗布液を用いた電子写真感光体の製造方法、該電子写真感光体の製造方法により製造された電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を備えた画像形成装置 |
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