JP4247941B2 - Magnetic heater - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is used for improving the startability of various vehicle engines such as automobiles mainly powered by a diesel engine or a gasoline engine in cold or extremely cold conditions, or for cabin heating of various vehicles or ships including electric vehicles. Preheating or rapid heating of engine cooling water for generators, welding machines, compressors, construction machines, etc. that are used as auxiliary heating means for heat medium fluid such as engine cooling water (shortening warm-up time) It is related with the magnet type heater used also.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an auxiliary heating heat source for a vehicle such as an automobile used for heating engine cooling water at the time of starting in a cold region, a viscous heater is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 2-246823, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-11716). JP-A-9-254637, JP-A-9-66729, JP-A-9-323530, etc.).
The viscous heater generates heat by shearing a viscous fluid such as silicon oil and uses it as a heating heat source by exchanging heat with circulating water circulating in the water jacket. A water jacket is formed in the chamber and the outer area of the heat generating chamber, a drive shaft is rotatably supported on the housing via a bearing device, and a rotor rotatable in the heat generating chamber is fixed to the drive shaft. A viscous fluid such as silicone oil is sealed in the gap between the wall surface of the heat generating chamber and the rotor, and circulating water is taken in from the water inlet port in the water jacket and circulated to be sent out from the water outlet port to the external heating circuit.
[0003]
In this viscous heater incorporated in a vehicle heating device, if the drive shaft is driven by the engine, the rotor rotates in the heat generating chamber, so that viscous fluid is sheared in the gap between the wall surface of the heat generating chamber and the outer surface of the rotor. The generated heat is exchanged with the circulating water in the water jacket, and the heated circulating water is used for heating the vehicle such as engine cooling water in the heating circuit.
[0004]
However, the above-mentioned viscous heater can be reduced in size and cost by a simple structure, and can be secured with high reliability and safety by a non-contact mechanism without wear, and the water temperature can be increased. However, when the auxiliary heater is not required, the operation is automatically stopped by temperature control, so that useless energy is not used. However, the heat resistance of silicone oil used as a viscous fluid is limited to about 240 ° C. The temperature of the silicone oil cannot be increased too much, and it takes time until the silicone oil is stirred and generates heat to a high temperature. At the same time, when the temperature of the silicone oil rises, the viscosity decreases and the shear resistance decreases. Because the amount of heat generated per unit time tends to decrease gradually, the rapid heating effect during engine cold time cannot be obtained. There is a drawback.
[0005]
As a countermeasure, there is a heating device that uses an eddy current heating heater as an auxiliary heater for heating engine cooling water or the like. This eddy current heating heater is generated by a change in magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit configured between a magnet and a conductor facing each other with a gap corresponding to a change in magnetic field direction and magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit. This method uses Joule heat generated when eddy current flows in a conductor, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 57-178912 and 57-164805. JP-A-57-178912 and JP-A-57-164805 disclose that an eddy current heating heater is provided with a magnet and a conductor disposed on a plane parallel to a drive shaft. There is a structural problem that the amount of generated heat cannot be set large when there is a restriction on the installation space. As a means for solving such a problem, an eddy current heat generation in which a facing surface portion extending in the radial direction with respect to the axis of the drive shaft is formed on the magnet and the conductor, and the facing surface portion is faced through a slight gap. A heater is disclosed in JP-A-11-78495. As described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-78495, the outer peripheral portion of the facing surface portion extending in the radial direction with respect to the axis of the drive shaft is a magnetic flux changing portion, so that the required space is not increased. The amount of generated heat can be increased, and there is an advantage that it can be installed in a narrow space.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional eddy current heating heater described above has hardly been improved to improve the heating function of the engine, such as a means for more effectively increasing the heat generation amount and the heat recovery efficiency, and it has been reduced in size and weight. No device has been devised for cost reduction. In addition, since all conventional eddy current heaters can heat only one type of heat medium fluid, for example, preheating or rapid temperature rise (shortening warm-up time) of engine cooling water and cabin heating of the vehicle are performed simultaneously. I couldn't.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and can realize downsizing and cost reduction, high heat recovery efficiency, and not only one type but also two types of heat medium fluids, for example, An object of the present invention is to provide a magnet heater capable of simultaneously heating a liquid (such as water) and a gas (such as air) and giving velocity energy to one heat medium fluid.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The magnet heater according to the present invention is a system in which slip heat generated on the conductor side is heat-exchanged with a fluid for a heat medium by shearing a magnetic path formed between the magnet and the conductor. In a magnet-type heater that heats a fluid for a heat medium by slip heat generated in a conductor by rotating the magnet and the conductor relative to each other with a slight gap therebetween, a bearing device is provided on the drive shaft. A permanent magnet is attached to the back side of the back plate of the centrifugal fan that is rotatably provided by the drive shaft, and is disposed opposite to the permanent magnet with a slight gap. A heat medium fluid jacket having a conductive conductor is provided on the casing, and a slip generated in the conductor of the heat medium fluid jacket by rotation of the centrifugal fan. A structure in which the first heat medium fluid of the heat medium fluid jacket and the second heat medium fluid in the casing are simultaneously heated by the heat, and velocity energy is given to the second heat medium fluid; It is characterized by what has been done.
Further, instead of the permanent magnet, a thermal ferrite or an electromagnet is used, or a magnetic material, a hysteresis material or an eddy current material in which an eddy current material is provided on the magnet side surface for the conductor is used. The gap is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.3 to 1.0 mm.
[0009]
The magnet heater targeted by the present invention basically includes a magnet such as a permanent magnet and thermal ferrite, and a conductor (heating element) such as a material having a large magnetic hysteresis (hereinafter referred to as “hysteresis material”) or an eddy current material. These two members face each other with a slight gap, and utilize the heat generated by slip generated on the conductor side by rotating the permanent magnet and the conductor relatively to shear the magnetic path. In the present invention, the conductor side can be heated to a temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. in a few seconds to a few tens of seconds by using a rare earth magnet as the permanent magnet and using an eddy current material or a hysteresis material for the heating element. It has the characteristics.
[0010]
The above-mentioned “slip heat generation” means that when a conductor is moved (rotated) in a direction in which the magnetic field is cut in the magnetic field generated by the magnet, an eddy current (eddy current) is generated in the conductor. It mainly means that heat is generated due to electric resistance in the current conductor.
[0011]
In the present invention, the second heat medium fluid introduced into the casing contacts the conductor directly or indirectly when passing through the gap between the rotating permanent magnet and the fixed conductor to exchange heat. At the same time, the first heat medium fluid introduced into the heat medium fluid jacket provided in the casing also directly or indirectly contacts with the heat generated by the slip heat generated in the fixed conductor and simultaneously performs heat exchange. Is called. That is, according to the present invention, two types of heat medium fluid, for example, a liquid (such as water) and a gas (such as air) can be heated at the same time, and the heat generated can be efficiently exchanged. Further, in the present invention, speed energy is given by the centrifugal fan that rotates to the second heat medium fluid. Further, the conductor generates heat due to the rotation of the magnet side, and the magnet also receives the radiant heat from the conductor. Since the moving permanent magnet is constantly cooled, a stable magnetic circuit is formed, and the calorific value can be maintained at a high value.
[0012]
In addition, as a rotational drive source in the present invention, a system in which a drive shaft is driven via a pulley or the like by an engine, or a dedicated motor, wind power, hydraulic power, etc. separately provided from the engine can be used.
[0013]
Furthermore, an electromagnetic clutch, a thermal ferrite, an electromagnetic brake, an electromagnetic coil, etc. can be used as an ON / OFF control means of the magnet type heater of the present invention. Thermal ferrite is generally a soft magnet attached to a permanent magnet. When heat is generated above a certain temperature, the magnetic path passes through the soft ferrite, and conversely, the heat generation temperature drops below a certain temperature. The magnetic path is formed on the outside of the soft ferrite, so when using a thermal ferrite instead of a permanent magnet, the ON / OFF control is automatically enabled. A control system becomes unnecessary.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view showing an embodiment of the magnet heater according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view showing another embodiment of the magnet heater according to the present invention, 1 and 11 are drive shafts, 2 and 12 are casings, 3 is a centrifugal fan, 3-1 is a back plate, 3-2 is an impeller, 4 is a permanent magnet, 5 is a conductor, 6 is a fluid jacket for a heat medium, 7 is a bearing device, and 8a is an inflow port. 8b is an outflow port, 9a is a water inlet port, and 9b is a water outlet port.
[0015]
FIG. 1 illustrates a magnet heater using a centrifugal fan. A centrifugal fan 3 is mounted in a casing 2 supported on the outer periphery of a drive shaft 1 via a bearing device 7, and the centrifugal fan 3 is disposed on the side facing the centrifugal fan 3. A doughnut-shaped heat medium fluid jacket 6 is provided. The centrifugal fan 3 is provided with an impeller 3-2 on the drive shaft side of the back plate 3-1, which is attached to the drive shaft 1, and has a donut shape attached to the opposite surface side of the back plate 3-1. A conductor 5 is attached to a heat jacket fluid jacket 6 together with a plate 5-1 attached to the back surface of the permanent magnet 4 with a slight gap. The back plate 3-1 has a through hole 3-1 a for air as a second heat medium fluid. Although not illustrated in the plate 5-1, an opening may be provided at a desired location so that the first heat medium fluid such as water and the conductor 5 are in direct contact with each other.
The conductor 5 is a hysteresis material, preferably a material formed by adhering an eddy current material to the magnet side surface of a magnetic material such as iron plate, cast iron, cast steel, or the eddy current material itself.
The casing 1 including the centrifugal fan 3, the permanent magnet 4 and the conductor 5 and including the heat medium fluid jacket 6 includes an inflow port 8a and an outflow port 8b for air as the second heat medium fluid, and another one. An inlet port 9a and an outlet port 9b for circulating water as the first heat medium fluid are provided.
On the other hand, the drive shaft 1 is driven by a vehicle engine or a dedicated motor or wind hydraulic power.
[0016]
In the magnet heater having the above-described configuration, when the drive shaft 1 is driven by a vehicle engine or the like, air, which is the second heat medium fluid, is given pressure energy by the centrifugal fan 3 and pumped. A magnetic path formed between the permanent magnet 4 that rotates integrally with the fan 3 and the conductor 5 is sheared, and slip heat is generated in the conductor 5. The heat of the conductor 5 is heat-exchanged between the air introduced into the casing from the inflow port 8a and the circulating water, which is the first heat medium fluid introduced into the heat medium fluid jacket 6 from the water inlet port 9a, The heated air is pumped with velocity energy applied, and flows out from the outflow port 8b and the outflow port 9b together with the circulating water, and both are used for heating the vehicle or the like by a heating circuit or the like.
[0017]
Next, the magnet type heater shown in FIG. 2 is provided with the drive shaft in the magnet type heater shown in FIG. 1 on the heat medium fluid jacket 6 side, and the air inflow port 8a as the second heat medium fluid is provided as the heat medium. The centrifugal fan 3 is provided in a casing 12 supported on the outer periphery of the drive shaft 11 via a bearing device 7, and the drive shaft 11 side of the centrifugal fan 3. Is provided with a doughnut-shaped heat medium fluid jacket 6. The centrifugal fan 3 is provided with an impeller 3-2 on the back side of a back plate 3-1, which is integral with the drive shaft 11. The surface on the heat medium fluid jacket 6 side opposite to the back plate 3-1. The conductor 5 is attached to the heat medium fluid jacket 6 together with the plate 5-1 attached to the back surface of the doughnut-shaped permanent magnet 4 attached to the back of the permanent magnet 4 with a slight gap. The back plate 3-1 has a through hole 3-1 a for air as a second heat medium fluid.
Also in this embodiment, although not shown in the plate 5-1, an opening may be provided at a desired location so that the first heat medium fluid such as water and the conductor 5 are in direct contact with each other. The conductor 5 is a hysteresis material, preferably a magnetic material such as an iron plate, cast iron, cast steel or the like, which is formed by adhering an eddy current material to the surface of the magnet, or the eddy current material itself.
The casing 12 including the centrifugal fan 3, the permanent magnet 4, and the conductor 5 and including the heat medium fluid jacket 6 includes an inflow port 8a and an outflow port 8b for air as the second heat medium fluid, and another one. An inlet port 9a and an outlet port 9b for circulating water as the first heat medium fluid are provided.
[0018]
2 is also formed between the permanent magnet 4 and the conductor 5 that rotate together with the centrifugal fan 3 when the drive shaft 11 is driven by a vehicle engine or the like. The generated magnetic path is sheared and slip heat is generated in the conductor 5. The heat generated in the conductor 5 is heat-exchanged between the air introduced into the casing 12 from the inflow port 8a and the circulating water as the first heat medium fluid introduced into the heat medium fluid jacket 6 from the water inlet port 9a. The heated air as the second heat medium fluid is pumped by being given velocity energy and flows out from the outflow port 8b and the outflow port 9b together with the circulating water, and both are used for heating a vehicle or the like by a heating circuit or the like. Will be.
[0019]
In addition, as an ON / OFF control means in the magnet type heater having the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a method using an electromagnetic clutch, a method of performing ON / OFF control using a thermal ferrite instead of a permanent magnet, and the like. Can be used. When the first heat medium fluid is a liquid such as water, the high temperature conductor is cooled by the liquid even when the centrifugal fan is rotated at a high speed and stopped when the conductor has reached a high temperature. The occurrence of harm can be prevented.
[0020]
FIG. 3 exemplifies heat generation data of a combination of a rare earth permanent magnet and an eddy current material experimentally conducted by the present inventor. This data sets the gap between the permanent magnet and the eddy current material to 1.0 mm. The relationship between time (sec) and temperature measured by changing the number of rotations on the magnet side in a state of being opposed to each other and fixing the eddy current material side is shown.
From this data, the rare earth permanent magnet and the eddy current material (conductor) are arranged facing each other with a slight gap, and the magnet and the eddy current material are rotated relative to each other, so that the conductor is 200 to 200 seconds in a few seconds to several tens of seconds. It can be seen that 600 ° C. slip heat is generated. Therefore, when a water jacket is attached to the conductor side, the temperature of the heat exchange surface with the circulating water can be heated to a high temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. in a very short time.
[0021]
As the heat medium fluid, water, air, heat medium oil, silicon oil, refrigerant, or a gas body other than air can be used.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the magnet heater according to the present invention is a combination of a magnet such as a permanent magnet or thermal ferrite and a conductor made of a magnetic material, hysteresis material or eddy current material provided with an eddy current material on the magnet side surface. Rotating the conductor side in the fluid for the heat medium not only can utilize the slip heat generated in the conductor, but also can be reduced in size and cost as compared with the conventional one, and further the heat medium Heat generation efficiency is also high because slip heat is generated in the conductor in the working fluid. For example, when heating is required rapidly when the engine is cold, the engine cooling water is rapidly heated by driving the conductor side with an engine or the like. The effect that the heating function of the engine can be remarkably improved is obtained.
In addition, according to the present invention, two types of heat medium fluid, for example, liquid (water, etc.) and gas (air, etc.) can be heated at the same time, so that the engine cooling water is preheated or rapidly heated (shortening the warm-up time). ) And the cabin heating of the vehicle can be performed at the same time. Therefore, the present invention has an excellent effect as an auxiliary heater that can efficiently heat one type or two types of heat medium fluid to a high temperature in a shorter time and can give velocity energy to one of the heat medium fluids. It is extremely effective especially for cold district specification vehicles equipped with diesel engines.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view showing an embodiment of a magnet heater according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view showing another embodiment of the magnet heater according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of heat generation data of a combination of a rare earth permanent magnet and an eddy current material experimentally conducted by the present inventors.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 11 Drive shaft 2, 12 Casing 3 Centrifugal fan 3-1 Back plate 3-2 Impeller 4 Permanent magnet 5 Conductor 6 Heat medium fluid jacket 7 Bearing device 8a Inflow port 8b Outflow port 9a Inlet port 9b Outlet port

Claims (3)

In a magnet-type heater in which a permanent magnet and a conductor are opposed to each other with a slight gap and the fluid for a heat medium is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor by rotating the permanent magnet and the conductor relatively, a drive shaft A permanent magnet is mounted on the back side of a centrifugal fan rotatably provided by the drive shaft, and is opposed to the permanent magnet with a slight gap in a casing supported by a bearing device. A heat medium fluid jacket having a conductor formed thereon is provided in the casing, and slip heat generated in the conductor of the heat medium fluid jacket by rotation of the centrifugal fan causes the heat medium fluid in the heat medium fluid jacket and the casing to A magnet-type heater characterized in that the heat medium fluid is heated at the same time. 2. The magnet heater according to claim 1, wherein thermal ferrite is used instead of the permanent magnet. 3. The magnet heater according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic material, a hysteresis material or an eddy current material in which an eddy current material is provided on the magnet side surface is used as a conductor.

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