JP3982657B2 - Magnetic heater - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is used for improving the startability of various vehicle engines such as automobiles mainly powered by a diesel engine or a gasoline engine in cold or extremely cold conditions, or for cabin heating of various vehicles or ships including electric vehicles. Preheating or rapid heating of engine cooling water for generators, welding machines, compressors, construction machines, etc. that are used as auxiliary heating means for heat medium fluid such as engine cooling water (shortening warm-up time) The present invention relates to a magnet type heater used for the above.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an auxiliary heating heat source for a vehicle such as an automobile used for heating engine cooling water at the time of starting in a cold region, a viscous heater is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 2-246823, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-11716). JP-A-9-254637, JP-A-9-66729, JP-A-9-323530, etc.).
The viscous heater generates heat by shearing a viscous fluid such as silicon oil and uses it as a heating heat source by exchanging heat with circulating water circulating in the water jacket. A water jacket is formed in the chamber and the outer area of the heat generating chamber, a drive shaft is rotatably supported on the housing via a bearing device, and a rotor rotatable in the heat generating chamber is fixed to the drive shaft. A viscous fluid such as silicon oil is sealed in the gap between the wall surface of the heat generating chamber and the rotor, and circulating water is taken in from the water inlet port in the water jacket and circulated to be sent out from the water outlet port to the external heating circuit.
[0003]
In this viscous heater incorporated in a vehicle heating device, if the drive shaft is driven by the engine, the rotor rotates in the heat generating chamber, so that viscous fluid is sheared in the gap between the wall surface of the heat generating chamber and the outer surface of the rotor. The generated heat is exchanged with the circulating water in the water jacket, and the heated circulating water is used for heating the vehicle such as engine cooling water in the heating circuit.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned viscous heater can be reduced in size and cost by a simple structure, and can be secured with high reliability and safety by a non-contact mechanism without wear, and the water temperature can be increased. However, when the auxiliary heater is not required, the operation is automatically stopped by temperature control, so that useless energy is not used. However, the heat resistance of silicone oil used as a viscous fluid is limited to about 240 ° C. The temperature of the silicone oil cannot be increased too much, and it takes time until the silicone oil is stirred and generates heat to a high temperature. At the same time, when the temperature of the silicone oil rises, the viscosity decreases and the shear resistance decreases. Because the amount of heat generated per unit time tends to decrease gradually, the rapid heating effect during engine cold time cannot be obtained. There is a drawback. For this reason, particularly in the case of a cold district specification vehicle equipped with a diesel engine, such a viscous heater cannot be said to be sufficient in effectiveness, and can heat the heat medium fluid to a high temperature in a shorter time and efficiently. An auxiliary heater was desired.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of such a viscous heater, and is capable of raising the temperature of the fluid for the heating medium at a higher temperature and in a shorter time than the viscous heater, and having heat resistance. It aims to provide an excellent magnet heater.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The magnet heater according to the present invention is a system in which slip heat generated on the conductor side is heat-exchanged with a fluid for a heat medium by shearing a magnetic path formed between the magnet and the conductor. A conductor is arranged opposite to each other with a slight gap, and a heating medium fluid is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor by rotating the magnet and the conductor relatively, and the first embodiment is a drive A plurality of permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically in a housing supported by a shaft via a bearing device and a shaft seal device and provided with inlets and outlets for a heat medium fluid are opposed to each other at intervals. One permanent magnet group is provided so that it can be rotated around the axis by a predetermined angle by the power of a motor or a hydraulic cylinder, etc., and is interposed between the permanent magnet groups and slightly connected to the left and right permanent magnets. A disk having conductors arranged opposite to each other with a gap is provided rotatably by the drive shaft, and the heat medium fluid inside the housing is heated by the slip heat generated in the conductor by the rotation of the disk. As well as having a structure, it is possible to control ON / OFF by changing the phase of the rotatable permanent magnet group, and it is possible to adjust the amount of heat generated in the conductor by controlling the magnetic field, In the second embodiment, a disk having a conductor is rotated by the drive shaft inside a housing which is supported on the drive shaft via a bearing device and a shaft seal device and is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the heat medium fluid. A plurality of permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically so as to be movable are arranged to face one side of the conductor with a slight gap, and further, the plurality of permanent magnets A plurality of permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically so as to overlap with each other are provided on the housing so that the shaft core can be rotated by a predetermined angle by the power of a motor drive or a fluid pressure cylinder, etc. The heat generation fluid inside the housing is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor, and ON / OFF control is possible by changing the phase of the rotatable permanent magnet group, and the magnetic field is controlled. The amount of heat generated in the conductor can be adjusted, and thermal ferrite is used instead of the permanent magnet, or a magnetic material or hysteresis material in which an eddy current material is provided on the magnet side surface of the conductor. Or an eddy current material is used. The gap is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.3 to 1.0 mm.
[0007]
That is, it is basically composed of two members: a magnet such as a permanent magnet or thermal ferrite, and a conductor (heating element) such as a material having a large magnetic hysteresis (hereinafter referred to as “hysteresis material”) or an eddy current material. The two members face each other with a slight gap and use the slip heat generated on the conductor side by rotating the magnet and the conductor relatively to shear the magnetic path. By using the material, the material can generate heat at a temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. in several seconds to several tens of seconds.
[0008]
The above-mentioned “slip heat generation” means that when a conductor is moved (rotated) in a direction in which the magnetic field is cut in the magnetic field generated by the magnet, an eddy current (eddy current) is generated in the conductor. It mainly means that heat is generated due to electric resistance in the current conductor.
[0009]
In the present invention, a plurality of permanent magnet groups in which fixed permanent magnets are arranged concentrically, and one of the magnet groups is pivotable so that the phase is variable. This is because not only can the ON / OFF control of the magnet heater be easily performed by changing the phase of the permanent magnet group, but the amount of heat generated can be adjusted by controlling the magnetic field.
[0010]
The heat medium fluid introduced into the housing is between the left and right gaps between the fixed permanent magnet and the rotating conductor or between the gap between the fixed permanent magnet and the rotating conductor and opposite to the permanent magnet of the conductor. When flowing through the surface side, heat is exchanged by contacting the conductor directly (or indirectly).
[0011]
In addition, as a rotational drive source in the present invention, a method of driving a drive shaft by means of an engine via a pulley or the like, or a dedicated motor, wind power, hydraulic power, etc. separately provided from the engine can be used.
[0012]
Thermal ferrite is generally a soft magnet attached to a permanent magnet. When heat is generated above a certain temperature, the magnetic path passes through the soft ferrite, and conversely, the heat generation temperature drops below a certain temperature. Since the magnet has a characteristic that the magnetic path is formed outside the soft ferrite, ON / OFF control can be automatically performed even when thermal ferrite is used instead of the permanent magnet.
[0013]
In the present invention, the conductor generates heat due to the rotation of the conductor side, and the magnet also has a slightly reduced magnetic force due to the radiant heat from the conductor, and the driving torque is somewhat reduced. Can continue to maintain.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 is a longitudinal side view showing an example of a magnet heater according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a rear view of the above magnet heater, and FIG. 3 is another example of a rotating mechanism of a permanent magnet group of the magnet heater. (A) is a longitudinal side view of the main part, (B) is a rear view of (A), FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of pole arrangement of permanent magnets of the magnet heater, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the magnet structure at the time of ON / OFF of a magnet type heater same as the above, (A) is the magnet structure at the time of ON (at the time of heat generation), (B) is the magnet structure at the time of OFF, FIG. 6 is the magnet which concerns on this invention FIG. 7 is a rear view of the above-described magnet heater, and FIG. 8 shows another example of the rotating mechanism of the permanent magnet group of the above-mentioned magnet heater. (A) is a longitudinal side view of the main part, (B) is a rear view of (A), 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the magnet configuration when the magnet heater is turned on / off, (A) is the magnet configuration when ON (when heat is generated), (B) is the magnet configuration when OFF, 11 is a drive shaft, 2 and 12 are housings, 2-1 and 12-1 are water jackets, 3 and 13 are permanent magnets, 4 and 14 are rotary conductor supports, 5 and 15 are conductors, and 6 and 16 are A bearing device, 7 and 17 are shaft seal devices, 8 and 18 are cylinders, 9 and 19 are water inlet ports, 10 and 20 are water outlet ports, 31 and 41 are fastening bolts, and 51 and 61 are pulleys.
[0015]
The magnet heater shown in FIG. 1 has a housing 2 supported on the outer periphery of a drive shaft 1 via a bearing device 6 and a shaft seal device 7, and is fitted in the housing so as to be rotatable around an axis and is ring-shaped. A permanent magnet 3 is disposed in a water jacket 2-1 mounted on the stopper plate 21 so as to face the water jacket 2-1 at a predetermined interval. The permanent magnet 3 attached to the housing 2 and the water jacket 2-1 is composed of a plurality of, for example, 10 to 12 fan-shaped permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically as shown by broken lines in FIG. As shown in the arrangement example of the permanent magnet in FIG. 4, N poles and S poles are alternately arranged. Each permanent magnet 3 is attached via a yoke 3a. Further, a rotating conductor support body 4 fitted to the drive shaft 1 is provided between the permanent magnet 3 groups in the housing 2, and the plurality of fan-shaped permanent magnet groups 3 are provided on the support body. And a conductor 5 facing each other with a slight gap.
The conductor 5 is a hysteresis material, preferably a material formed by adhering an eddy current material to the magnet side surface of a magnetic material such as iron plate, cast iron, cast steel, or the eddy current material itself.
[0016]
As described above, the water jacket 2-1 is rotatably provided by changing the phase of the group of the plurality of fan-shaped permanent magnets attached to the jacket and the housing 2 side as described above. This is for performing the OFF control and for adjusting the heat generation amount by controlling the magnetic field. As a means for rotating the water jacket 2-1 by a predetermined rotation angle, for example, a base end is provided on the back side of the water jacket. This is performed by a cylinder 8 that is pivotally attached to a housing 2 and pivotally attached to pivot pins 8-1 and 8-2 that protrude in parallel with the drive shaft 1 on the back surface of the water jacket. it can. The rotating means of the water jacket 2-1 in place of the cylinder type, and gear G ₁ by a motor M mounted on the housing 2 side as shown in FIG. 3, fan-shaped and attached to the back of the water jacket 2-1 it may be used a method of rotating via a gear G _2.
[0017]
The water jacket 2-1 is provided with a water inlet port 9, and the housing 2 is provided with a water outlet port 10. The water inlet port 9 and the water outlet port 10 are communicated with each other in the housing.
[0018]
On the other hand, a pulley 51 is attached to the drive shaft 1 by fastening bolts 31 and is rotated by a belt by a vehicle engine. Needless to say, the drive source may be a dedicated motor or wind / hydraulic power instead of the engine.
[0019]
In the magnet heater having the above-described configuration, when the drive shaft 1 is driven by the engine via the pulley 51, the rotating conductor support 4 rotates and the conductor 5 rotates in the housing 2, whereby the conductor 5 The magnetic path formed between the permanent magnets 3 facing the left and right sides of the magnet 5 is sheared, and slip heat is generated in the conductor 5. Heat generated by the conductor 5 is exchanged with circulating water as a heat medium fluid in the housing 2, and the heated circulating water is used for heating the vehicle in the heating circuit.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 5, the ON / OFF control in the magnet heater has a magnet configuration of (A) when ON (when heat is generated), and a magnetic path is formed between the N and S poles. (B), that is, the left and right permanent magnets 3 of the conductor 5 have the same polarity. This ON / OFF control is performed by rotating the water jacket 2-1 by a desired rotation angle by the cylinder 8 or the motor M. Also, when the amount of heat generation is changed, the strength of the magnetic field is controlled by adjusting the rotation angle of the water jacket 2-1 and changing the phases of the left and right permanent magnets 3 of the conductor 5.
[0021]
Next, the basic structure of the magnet heater shown in FIG. 6 is integrally attached to the housing 12 supported on the outer periphery of the drive shaft 11 via the bearing device 16 and the shaft seal device 17 in the same manner as shown in FIG. A permanent magnet 13 composed of a plurality of fan-shaped permanent magnet groups disposed on the same concentric circle as in FIG. 1 is attached to the water jacket 12-1, and the drive shaft 11 is positioned in the housing 12. A conductor 15 that is opposed to the group of fan-shaped permanent magnets 13 with a slight gap is attached to the rotary conductor support 14 fitted to the base. Further, in the case of this magnet type heater, another set is formed so as to overlap with the permanent magnet group attached to the water jacket 12-1 as means for adjusting the heat generation amount by controlling the ON / OFF control and the magnetic field. A magnet support 12-1a containing a group of permanent magnets 13 is mounted on the water jacket 12-1 so as to be rotatable about its axis, and the base end portion of the water jacket 12- First, the cylinder tip 18 is mounted on the back surface of the magnet support 12-1a so as to be rotatable by pivot pins 18-1 and 18-2 projecting in parallel with the drive shaft 1, respectively. Can do. The rotating means of the magnet support 12-1a in place of the cylinder type, worm G _3, and driven by a motor as shown in FIG. 8, a fan attached to the peripheral surface of the magnet support 12-1a it may be used a method of rotating through the worm wheel G _4. Reference numeral 22 denotes a donut-shaped stopper plate.
[0022]
The water jacket 12-1 is provided with a water inlet port 19, and the housing 12 is provided with a water outlet port 20. The water inlet port 19 and the water outlet port 20 are communicated with each other in the housing.
[0023]
On the other hand, a pulley 61 is attached to the drive shaft 11 by fastening bolts 41, as shown in FIG. 1, and is rotated by a belt by the engine of the vehicle. Needless to say, the drive source may be a dedicated motor or wind / hydraulic power instead of the engine.
[0024]
In the magnet heater having the above-described configuration, when the drive shaft 11 is driven by the engine via the pulley 61, the rotating conductor support 14 rotates in the housing 12 and the conductor 15 rotates. The magnetic path formed between the permanent magnet 13 and the permanent magnet 13 facing the one surface of the 15 is sheared, and slip heat is generated in the conductor 15. The heat generated by the conductor 15 is exchanged with circulating water as a heat medium fluid in the housing 12, and the heated circulating water is used for heating the vehicle in the heating circuit.
[0025]
The ON / OFF control in the magnet heater shown in FIG. 6 has a magnet configuration (A) when ON (heat generation) as shown in FIG. 9, and between the N pole, the S pole and the conductor 15. When the magnetic path is formed and OFF, the phase is changed by rotating the outer permanent magnet 13 group that overlaps with the magnet configuration (B), that is, the permanent magnet 13 group provided in the water jacket 12-1. The ON / OFF control is performed by a magnet support 12-1a is desired rotation angle rotated by a worm _{G 3} is a cylinder 18 or a motor drive. Also, when the amount of heat generation is changed, the rotation angle of the magnet support 12-1a is adjusted to control the strength of the magnetic field.
[0026]
FIG. 10 exemplifies rare earth eddy current material heat generation data experimentally conducted by the present inventor. This data sets the gap between the permanent magnet and the eddy current material to 1.0 mm and faces each other. The relationship between time (sec) and temperature measured by changing the rotational speed on the magnet side in a state where the material side is fixed is shown.
From this data, when a magnet and a conductor are arranged facing each other with a slight gap and the magnet and the conductor are rotated relative to each other, slip heat generation of 200 to 600 ° C. occurs in the conductor in several seconds to several tens of seconds. Recognize. Therefore, when a water jacket is attached to the conductor side, the temperature of the heat exchange surface with the circulating water can be heated to a high temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. in a very short time.
[0027]
In each of the above embodiments, water is used as the heat medium fluid. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other heat medium fluids such as a heat medium oil, silicon oil, a refrigerant, or a gas body such as air are also used. it can.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As explained above, the magnet heater according to the present invention is a combination of a magnet such as a permanent magnet or thermal ferrite and a conductor made of a magnetic material, hysteresis material or eddy current material provided with an eddy current material on the magnet side surface. Because it uses the slip heat generated in the conductor by rotating the conductor side in the fluid for the heat medium, the structure can be simplified, the size and cost can be reduced, and there is no wear. High reliability and safety can be ensured by the contact type mechanism, and furthermore, heat generation efficiency is high because slip heat is generated in the conductor in the fluid for the heat medium, and by changing the phase of the permanent magnet group Not only can the ON / OFF control of the magnet heater be performed easily, but the amount of heat generated can be adjusted by controlling the magnetic field. For example, when the engine is cold and the heater needs to be heated rapidly, the engine cooling water can be rapidly heated and the engine heating function can be remarkably improved by driving the conductor side with the engine or the like. There is an excellent effect. Therefore, the present invention exhibits an excellent effect as an auxiliary heater capable of heating the heating medium fluid to a high temperature in a shorter time and efficiently, and is extremely effective particularly in a cold district specification vehicle equipped with a diesel engine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view showing an example of a magnet heater according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the magnet heater.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show another example of the rotating mechanism of the permanent magnet group of the magnet type heater, wherein FIG. 3A is a longitudinal side view of the main part, and FIG. 3B is a rear view of FIG. .
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of pole arrangement of permanent magnets of the magnet heater.
5A and 5B are explanatory views showing a magnet configuration when the magnet heater is turned ON / OFF, in which FIG. 5A shows a magnet configuration when ON (during heat generation), and FIG. 5B shows a magnet configuration when OFF.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing another example of a magnet heater according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the above magnet heater.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show another example of the rotating mechanism of the permanent magnet group of the magnet type heater. FIG. 8A is a longitudinal side view of the main part, and FIG. 8B is a rear view of FIG. .
FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams showing a magnet configuration when the magnet heater is turned on / off, in which FIG. 9A shows a magnet configuration when turned on (during heat generation), and FIG. 9B shows a magnet configuration when turned off;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of rare earth eddy current heat generation data experimentally performed by the present inventors.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 11 Drive shaft 2, 12 Housing 2-1, 12-1 Water jacket 3, 13 Permanent magnet 4, 14 Rotary conductor support body 5, 15 Conductor 6, 16 Bearing device 7, 17 Shaft seal device 8, 18 Cylinder 9, 19 Inlet port 10, 20 Outlet port 31, 41 Fastening bolt 51, 61 Pulley

Claims (4)

A magnet and a conductor are arranged to face each other with a slight gap, and a heating medium fluid is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor by relatively rotating the magnet and the conductor, and the drive shaft includes a bearing device and A plurality of permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically in a housing supported by a shaft seal device and provided with inlets and outlets for the heat medium fluid are arranged opposite to each other with a gap therebetween. The permanent magnet group is provided around the axis so that it can be rotated by a predetermined angle by the power of a motor or a hydraulic cylinder, and is arranged between the permanent magnet group and facing each permanent magnet with a slight gap. A disk having a conductor formed thereon is rotatably provided by the drive shaft, and the heat medium fluid inside the housing is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor by the rotation of the disk; In addition, it is possible to control ON / OFF by changing the phase of the rotatable permanent magnet group, and it is possible to adjust the amount of heat generated in the conductor by controlling the magnetic field. heater. A magnet and a conductor are arranged to face each other with a slight gap, and a heating medium fluid is heated by slip heat generated in the conductor by relatively rotating the magnet and the conductor, and the drive shaft includes a bearing device and A disk having a conductor is rotatably provided by the drive shaft in a housing supported by a shaft seal device and provided with an inlet and an outlet for the heat medium fluid. A plurality of permanent magnet groups are arranged opposite to one side of the conductor with a slight gap, and a plurality of permanent magnet groups arranged concentrically so as to overlap with the plurality of permanent magnet groups are arranged in the housing with a motor or A fluid for a heat medium in the housing is provided by slip heat generated in the conductor by the rotation of the disc, and provided around the axis by a power such as a fluid pressure cylinder. It is possible to control the ON / OFF by changing the phase of the rotatable permanent magnet group and to adjust the amount of heat generated in the conductor by controlling the magnetic field. Characteristic magnet heater. 3. The magnet heater according to claim 1, wherein thermal ferrite is used instead of the permanent magnet. The magnet heater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a magnetic material, a hysteresis material, or an eddy current material in which an eddy current material is provided on a magnet side surface is used as a conductor.

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