JP4021889B2 - カーボンナノチューブ膜デバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブ膜デバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4021889B2 JP4021889B2 JP2004302950A JP2004302950A JP4021889B2 JP 4021889 B2 JP4021889 B2 JP 4021889B2 JP 2004302950 A JP2004302950 A JP 2004302950A JP 2004302950 A JP2004302950 A JP 2004302950A JP 4021889 B2 JP4021889 B2 JP 4021889B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
- H01J1/304—Field-emissive cathodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
- H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
- H01J2201/304—Field emission cathodes
- H01J2201/30446—Field emission cathodes characterised by the emitter material
- H01J2201/30453—Carbon types
- H01J2201/30469—Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
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Description
・Semiconductor International, December 1991, 46
・C. A. Spindt et al., "Field Emitter Arrays for Vacuum Microelectronics", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.38, 2355 (1991)
・I. Brodie and C. A. Spindt, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, edited by P. W. Hawkes, Vol.83 (1992)
・J. A. Costellano, Handbook of Display Technology, Academic Press, 254 (1992)
を参照。)従来の電界放出フラットパネルディスプレイは、平らな真空セルを有する。真空セルは、カソード上に形成された微小エミッタと、透明な前面プレート上の蛍光体で被覆されたアノードとのマトリクスアレイを有する。カソードとアノードの間には、グリッドあるいはゲートと呼ばれる導電性素子がある。カソードとゲートは一般に、交差するストリップ(通常は直交するストリップ)であり、その交点がディスプレイのピクセルを規定する。ピクセルは、カソード導体ストリップとゲート導体の間に電圧をかけることによって活性化される。放出される電子に比較的高いエネルギー(例えば400〜5000eV)を与えるために、さらに正の電圧をアノードにかける(例えば、米国特許第4,940,916号、第5,129,850号、第5,138,237号および第5,283,500号を参照)。
・米国特許第5,129,850号、第5,138,237号、第5,616,368号、第5,623,180号、第5,637,950号および第5,648,699号
・Okano et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.64, 1994, 2742
・Kumar et al., Solid State Technol., Vol.38, 1995, 71
・Geis et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., Vol.B14, 1996, 2060
に記載されている。ダイヤモンドは、その水素末端表面に対して負のあるいは低い電子親和力により、電界エミッタとして有利であるが、さらなる改良が望まれる。
・S. Iijima, "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon", Nature Vol.354, 56 (1991)
・T. Ebbesen and P. Ajayan, "Large scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes", Nature, Vol.358, 220 (1992)
・S. Iijima, "Carbon nanotubes", MRS Bulletin, 43 (Nov. 1994)
・B. Yakobson and R. Smalley, "Fullerene Nanotubues: C1,000,000 and Beyond", American Scientists, Vol.85, 324 (1997)
を参照)。ナノチューブには、本質的に、単層(チューブの直径は約0.5〜約10nm)と多層(チューブの直径は約10〜約100nm)の2つの形態がある。このようなナノチューブを電子電界エミッタとして使用することは、例えば、
・ドイツ国特許第4,405,768号
・Rinzler et al., Science, Vol.269, 1550 (1995)
・De Heer et al., Science, Vol.270, 1179 (1995)
・De Heer et al., Science, Vol.268, 845 (1995)
・Saito et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol.37, L346 (1998)
・Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.70, 3308 (1997)
・Saito et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol.36, L1340 (1997)
・Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.72, 2912 (1998)
に記載されている。カーボンナノチューブは、高いアスペクト比(>1,000)と、チップ(先端)の曲率半径が小さいこと(〜10nm)を特徴とする。これらの幾何学的特性は、チューブの比較的高い機械的強度および化学的安定性とともに、カーボンナノチューブが電子電界エミッタとして有用である可能性を示す。しかし、カーボンナノチューブは一般に、粉末や多孔性マットのような形態でしか得られず、これらはいずれも、デバイス構造に組み込むことは困難である。さらに、従来の研究では、性質を改良しようとしてナノチューブを整列させることが考察されているが、この整列は、商業的に実現可能であるとは思われない技術でしか実行されていない(例えば、De Heer et al., Science, Vol.268, 845 (1995)、を参照)。
・S. Iijima, "Carbon nanotubes", MRS Bulletin, 43 (Nov. 1994)
・B. Yakobson and R. Smalley, "Fullerene Nanotubues: C1,000,000 and Beyond", American Scientists, Vol.85, 324 (1997)
を参照)。調製の方法および特定のプロセスパラメータ(これは、主として、グラファイト化および螺旋性の程度ならびにチューブの直径を制御する。)に依存して、ナノチューブは、主に、多層チューブ、単層チューブ、または単層チューブの束(バンドル)として生成することが可能である。同様に、チューブは、直線状、曲線状、キラル、アキラル、および螺旋状のような、さまざまな形態をとることが可能である。一般に、ナノチューブは、無定形炭素と、その中に(例えば、約20〜40体積%)混合された触媒粒子とともに形成されるが、無定形炭素および触媒粒子は、酸素プラズマ中でエッチングすることによって(これは、ナノチューブよりも無定形炭素に対して選択的である。)、空気中あるいは酸素分圧下で600℃以上の温度に加熱することによって(T. W. Ebbesen, Annual Rev. Mater. Sci., Vol.24, 235-264 (1994)、を参照)、酸中でエッチングすることによって、または濾過によって(K. B. Shelimov et al., Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol.282, 429 (1998)、を参照)、除去することが可能である。
[例1]
図1に示すようなレーザアブレーションシステムを用いて、単層カーボンナノチューブを合成した。グラファイトと、ニッケル/コバルト触媒材料との混合物のターゲットを炉内に置き、一定のAr流のもとで1150℃に加熱した。ターゲットは、パルスNd:YAGレーザ(λ=1064nm)(Quanta-Ray DCR-2Aレーザ)の一次ビームによってアブレーションされた。生成された材料は、冷表面上のマットの形態であった。透過電子顕微鏡、走査電子顕微鏡、およびラマンスペクトル分光によれば、この原材料は約70体積%の単層ナノチューブを含み、その平均直径は1.4〜1.5nmであり、残りの30体積%は無定形炭素および混合された触媒粒子からなっていた。この原材料を、ナノチューブを溶媒中に超音波分散し、多重濾過を行うことによって精製した。
上記のレーザアブレーションプロセスによって形成されたカーボンナノチューブを微細粉末に粉砕し、溶媒中で室温で1時間超音波処理した。Dow Chemical Co.から入手した熱可塑性ポリマーであるポリヒドロキシアミノエーテル(PHAE)(ガラス転移温度は室温より低い)を、ナノチューブ/溶媒サスペンションに溶解した。さらに超音波処理した後、サスペンションをテフロンモールドに移し、換気フード内で一晩空気乾燥させた。テフロンモールド内に形成された黒色の薄膜を剥がして取り出した。このようにして、ナノチューブ重量百分率が50%に達する膜が形成され、これを約5mm×3mmのストリップに切断した。膜を、90〜100℃(ポリマーのガラス転移温度以上)の温度で、さまざまな負荷を用いて一定負荷をかけることによって、機械的に引き延ばした。膜は一般に、破断せずに500%(最終長さ/最初の長さ)まで延ばされた。所望の延伸比に達した後、負荷を外す前に、サンプルを室温まで冷却した。
11 石英管
12 炉
13 流量計
14 Nd:YAGパルスレーザ
15 集光レンズ
16 水平光スキャナ
17 垂直光スキャナ
18 カメラ
20 基板
21 第2のターゲット
30 真空容器
31 ヒータ
32 反応性炭素含有ガス
33 不活性キャリアガス
34 質量流量計
35 質量流量計
36 圧力バルブ
37 基板
41 カソード
42 絶縁層
43 導電性ゲート層
44 蛍光体層
45 アノード
46 透明絶縁基板
47 ナノチューブエミッタ
48 電源
49 アノード導体
50 進行波管(TWT)
52 真空管
54 電子銃
56 入力窓
58 相互作用構造(領域)
60 マイクロ波出力窓
62 コレクタ
64 電子ビーム
66 カソード
68 グリッド
70 アノード
72 制御電極
Claims (10)
- 基板を準備し、
該基板上に接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜を配置させ、
該カーボンナノチューブの少なくとも50体積パーセントが同一方向に整列されているデバイス製造方法において、
該基板がNi, Fe, Co, Mnからなるグループより選択される炭素溶解性元素、Si, Mo, Ti, Ta, W, Nb, Zr, V, Cr, Hfからなるグループより選択されるカーバイド形成元素及び700℃以下の低融点の材料からなるグループの少なくとも1つの材料からなり、
該接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜は、少なくとも20体積%の無定形炭素(a−C)を含む第1の界面部と該第1の界面を用いて該基板に結合された第2のカーボンナノチューブ部を含むデバイス製造方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、カーボンナノチューブの整列は、該基板上に接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜を堆積している間に電界と磁界の少なくとも一方を適用しているデバイス製造方法。
- 請求項2の方法において、該接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜はポリマー材料なしに該基板上に配置されるデバイス製造方法。
- 請求項2の方法において、該カーボンナノチューブ膜の配置は、
該基板上にカーボンナノチューブを配置し、
(a)炭素溶解性元素とカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部との反応、
(b)カーバイド形成元素とカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部との反応、及び
(c)低融点材料の少なくとも一部の溶融の少なくとも一つをもたらす500℃以上の温度に該基板と該カーボンナノチューブを加熱することからなるデバイス製造方法。 - 請求項2の方法において、該基板上への接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜の配置は、
溶媒中にカーボンナノチューブを分散させた分散体を形成し、
該基板表面に該分散体を適用して該基板表面を被覆し、そして
該溶媒を蒸発させて該基板表面上にカーボンナノチューブの層を形成しているデバイス製造方法。 - 請求項5の方法において、カーボンナノチューブを純化し超音波処理しているデバイス製造方法。
- 請求項5の方法において、該基板上への接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜の配置は、
(a)炭素溶解性元素とカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部との反応、
(b)カーバイド形成元素とカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一部との反応、及び
(c)低融点材料の少なくとも一部の溶融の少なくとも一つをもたらす500℃以上の温度に該基板を加熱することからなるデバイス製造方法。 - 請求項2の方法において、前記接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜におけるカーボンの少なくとも75体積パーセントが同一方向に整列しているデバイス製造方法。
- 請求項1の方法において、該カーボンナノチューブの整列は、
ポリマーにカーボンナノチューブを混合して、軟化温度を有する複合材を形成し、
該複合材をその軟化温度以上に加熱し、
該複合材に単一軸化の負荷を与え、
該軟化温度より低い温度に該複合材を冷却し、そして
該単一軸化負荷を解放することからなるデバイス製造方法。 - 請求項9の方法において、該接着性カーボンナノチューブ膜のカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも75体積パーセントが同一方向に整列されているデバイス製造方法。
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US10120398P | 1998-09-21 | 1998-09-21 | |
US09/296,572 US6630772B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-04-22 | Device comprising carbon nanotube field emitter structure and process for forming device |
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JP2004302950A Expired - Fee Related JP4021889B2 (ja) | 1998-09-21 | 2004-10-18 | カーボンナノチューブ膜デバイス製造方法 |
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US9136794B2 (en) | 2011-06-22 | 2015-09-15 | Research Triangle Institute, International | Bipolar microelectronic device |
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US6277318B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2001-08-21 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Method for fabrication of patterned carbon nanotube films |
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1999
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- 1999-09-14 EP EP99307243A patent/EP0989579B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9136794B2 (en) | 2011-06-22 | 2015-09-15 | Research Triangle Institute, International | Bipolar microelectronic device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6630772B1 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
EP0989579B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
JP2005097111A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
EP0989579A3 (en) | 2001-03-07 |
DE69939965D1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
KR100768675B1 (ko) | 2007-10-23 |
JP2000141056A (ja) | 2000-05-23 |
EP0989579A2 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
KR20000023347A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
JP2007287699A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
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