JP2020533367A - Rsvに対する免疫の安全な誘導方法 - Google Patents
Rsvに対する免疫の安全な誘導方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
特に、本発明は、ヒト対象においてRSVの複数の株に対する免疫の安全な誘導を提供するRSV Fタンパク質を発現するアデノウイルス26血清型発現ベクターに関する。
塩基性RSV F配列をコードするプラスミドを合成し、部位特異的変異誘発によりアミノ酸置換をタンパク質に導入した。タンパク質変異体を、HEK293細胞内で一時的に発現させた。細胞表面上の相対的なタンパク質発現を、フローサイトメトリーによって評価した。融合前コンフォメーションでのFタンパク質の安定性を、熱安定性アッセイで評価した。
供給業者の推奨に従って293fectine(カタログ番号12347−019)トランスフェクション試薬(Life Technologies)を使用し、接着性HEK293T細胞にプラスミドを一時的にトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクションから48時間後、EDTA含有FACS緩衝液(トリプシン含まず、次の節を参照)で剥離することによって細胞を回収し、温度安定性実験のために、水浴又はPCRブロックで10分間、細胞懸濁液を熱処理した。熱処理後、細胞をフローサイトメトリー分析のために調製した。
それぞれの染色には、以下の対照を含めた:1)陰性対照試料。すなわち、いかなる処理にも供されず、フルオロフォアで標識されたいかなる抗体でも染色されなかった細胞;2)陽性対照試料、すなわち、1つのフルオロフォア(実験のために使用されるものの1つ)でのみ染色された細胞。
完全長Fタンパク質変異体の表面細胞発現:
融合前コンフォメーションのRSV Fタンパク質外部ドメインの発現又は安定性を増加させることが以前に同定された変異のサブセットを、野生型完全長RSV A2 F配列(アクセッション番号Genbank ACO83301)に導入した。変異を単独で、又は複数の組み合わせで導入し、タンパク質の発現及び安定性に対する効果を評価した。
短時間スケールの周囲条件では、安定化変異の異なる組み合わせを有する完全長F変異体間で、融合前コンフォメーションの安定性に有意差は観察されなかった。温度を上げることは、融合前コンフォメーションから融合後コンフォメーションへとRSV Fタンパク質をリフォールディングするための効率的なインビトロトリガーとして働くことが知られている。したがって、熱ショックアッセイを確立し、膜結合完全長タンパク質の安定性を評価するために使用した。簡単に言えば、HEK293T細胞をFタンパク質コンストラクトでトランスフェクトし、トランスフェクションの48時間後にアッセイで使用した。細胞を細胞培養皿から剥離し、細胞懸濁液を、温度を上げながら10分間熱処理した。熱処理後、細胞を抗RSV F抗体で染色し、フローサイトメトリーにより分析した。フローサイトメトリーデータを2つの異なる方法で分析した。抗F抗体による染色に対して陽性である細胞のパーセンテージを分析し、陽性細胞の平均蛍光強度(MFI)も計算した(図5)。
Ad35及びAd26のE1領域へのRSV F遺伝子のクローニング:
本発明の融合前Fタンパク質をコードする核酸配列は、Geneartにより、ヒトでの発現のために遺伝子が最適化され、合成された。コザック配列(5’GCCACC3’)をATG開始コドンの直前に含め、2つの停止コドン(5’TGA TAA3’)をRSV.pre−Fコード配列の終端に付加した。RSV.pre−F遺伝子を、HindIII及びXbaI部位を介して、pAdApt35BSUプラスミド及びpAdApt26プラスミドに挿入した。
PER.C6細胞(Fallaux et al.,1998,Hum Gene Ther 9:1909−1917)を、10mM MgCl2を添加した、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)含有ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)中で維持した。
全てのアデノウイルスを、PER.C6(登録商標)細胞中で、単一の相同組換えにより生成し、以前に報告されているように生成した(rAd35では:Havenga et al.,2006,J.Gen.Virol.87:2135−2143;rAd26では:Abbink et al.,2007,J.Virol.81:4654−4663)。簡単に記すと、PER.C6細胞に、製造業者(Life Technologies)が提供する説明書に従い、リポフェクタミンを使用して、Adベクタープラスミドをトランスフェクトした。例えば、RSV.pre−F導入遺伝子発現カセットを有するAd35ベクターのレスキューでは、pAdApt35BSU.RSV.pre−Fプラスミド及びpWE/Ad35.pIX−rITR.dE3.5orf6コスミドを使用し、RSV.pre−F導入遺伝子発現カセットを有するAd26ベクターでは、pAdApt26.RSV.pre−Fプラスミド及びpWE.Ad26.dE3.5orf6.コスミドを使用した。細胞を、完全なCPEの1日後に回収し、凍結融解し、3,000rpmで5分間遠心分離し、−20℃で保存した。次に、ウイルスをプラーク精製し、マルチウェル24組織培養プレートの単一ウェル上で培養したPER.C6中で増幅させた。T25組織培養フラスコ及びT175組織培養フラスコを使用して培養したPER.C6中でさらに増幅させた。T175粗溶解物のうちの3〜5mlを使用して、70%コンフルエント層のPER.C6細胞を含有する20×T175三層組織培養フラスコに接種した。ウイルスを、2段階CsCl精製法を使用して精製した。最終的に、ウイルスを一定分量に分割して−85℃で保存した。
Ad26.RSV.preF2.1及びAd26.RSV.preF.2.2の免疫原性をマウスで評価し、細胞性及び体液性免疫応答を、同一用量のAd26.RSV.FA2(すなわち、野生型RSV Fタンパク質を発現)によって誘導される応答と比較した。Balb/cマウス(1群当たりn=4)を、108〜1010個のウイルス粒子(vp)、Ad26.RSV.FA2又はAd26.RSV.preF2.1又はAd26.RSV.preF2.2の示された用量で、又は製剤緩衝液で免疫を付与した。初回免疫から8週後に、ELISpotを用い、106脾細胞当たりRSV F A2特異的IFNγスポット形成単位(SFU)数を決定した。Ad26.RSV.FA2と比較すると、Ad26.RSV.preF2.1及びAd26.RSV.preF.2.2では、広い中和能を有し、且つ細胞応答を維持しながらマウスの体液性免疫応答の誘導が増加することが示された。Ad26.RSV.preF2.1及びAd26.RSV.preF.2.2による単回筋肉内免疫付与は、IFNγ、IL2及び/又はTNFαに対して陽性のCD8+T細胞の誘導によって特徴付けられる(データは示さず)細胞応答を誘発した(図7)。
1年をあけて行うAd26.RSV.preFの2回のワクチン接種の安全性、忍容性及び免疫原性を評価するため、無作為化二重盲検ファースト・イン・ヒューマン第1相試験を、安定した健康状態にある60歳以上の成人を対象に実施した。本試験は、clinicaltrials.govに識別番号NCT02926430で登録されている。
本研究の主な目的には、60歳超の成人に5×1010ウイルス粒子[vp]又は1×1011vpの単回用量で2回筋肉内投与した場合のAd26.RSV.preFの安全性及び忍容性を評価することが含まれた。第2の目的には、ウイルス中和アッセイ(VNA)、Fタンパク質結合抗体(pre−F及びpost−F ELISA)及び細胞内サイトカイン染色(ICS)によって測定される体液性及び細胞性免疫応答を評価することが含まれた。
これは、60歳以上の安定した健康状態にある72人の男女の対象に1年をあけて投与した2回のAd26.RSV.preFワクチン接種の安全性、忍容性及び免疫原性を評価する、単一施設無作為化プラセボ対照二重盲検第1相試験である。対象は12ヶ月をあけて試験ワクチンの2回の単回筋肉内(IM)注射を受けるために、5群の1つに対して1:1:1:1:2の比で並行して無作為化された(表1)。
最初のワクチン接種の28日後に中間解析を行った。1日目に5×1010vpのAd26.RSV.preFを受けた対象を一緒にプールし(グループ1及び2)、1×1011vpのAd26.RSV.preFを受けた対象も同様にした(グループ3及び4)。72人全ての対象の最初の投与後の一次中間解析は、このワクチンが両方の投与レベルで十分に忍容されることを示す。非自発的有害事象(AE)期間の中央値は、一般的には1〜3.5日の範囲であった。ワクチンに関連した重篤なAE(SAE)は認められず、試験中止に至ったAEはなかった。使用した2つのワクチン用量の間で反応原性に明らかな差はなかった。中間データでは、安全性に及ぼす用量の影響を明らかにはならなかった。
Pre−F ELISA
(RSV A2 F、Genbank ACO83301.1に基づき)pre−F安定化コンフォメーションに対する全IgGレベルを評価した。pre−Fタンパク質をビオチン化し、ストレプトアビジンをコーティングしたプレートにより96ウェルマイクロタイタープレートに連続的に捕捉させた。段階希釈した試験試料をインキュベートし、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼを結合させ、続いて化学発光反応させた抗ヒトIgG抗体を用いてpre−F特異的抗体を検出した。IC50を結合力価として報告した。
post−Fタンパク質(RSV A2 F、Genbank ACO83301.1)に対する全IgGレベルを評価した。post−Fタンパク質を96ウェルマイクロタイタープレート上にコーティングした。段階希釈した試験試料をインキュベートし、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼを結合させ、続いて化学発光反応させた抗ヒトIgG抗体を用いてpost−F特異的抗体を検出した。IC50を結合力価として報告した。
A549細胞、及びルシフェラーゼ(Luc)を発現するRSV A2ウイルス(RSV A2 FFL又はRSV B FFL)を用いたウイルス中和アッセイでウイルス中和抗体(VNA)を測定することにより、ワクチン誘導抗体反応の機能性を調べた。RSV A2−FFL(又はB Gdup−FFL)での1回の感染後のホタルLucレポーター遺伝子発現の減少の関数として、中和抗体をA549細胞において測定した。一定量のRSV A2 FFL(又はB Gdup−FFL)を段階希釈した臨床血清試料と混合した。1時間のインキュベーション後、A549細胞を混合物に添加した。20〜21時間後、RSV A2−FFL(又はB Gdup FFL)の感染又は阻害を、Lucレポーター遺伝子発現系によって測定した。IC50を中和力価として報告した。
凍結PBMCをIFNγ ELISpotによって分析した。PBMCを、preFタンパク質ワクチンインサート(配列番号1)に一致したペプチドプールで刺激した。刺激したモックPBMCを差し引いた後のSFC/106刺激PBMCの数を報告した。
IFNγ、IL−2及びTNFαを発現するCD4及びCD8 T細胞サブセットの誘導又は追加免疫を、RSV Fタンパク質ペプチド刺激後にICSによって測定した。全サイトカイン応答は、少なくともIFNγ、IL−2及び/又はTNFαを産生するCD4+及びCD8+T細胞のパーセンテージとして報告した。Th1/Th2バランスについては、IFNγ(Th1)又はIL−4(Th2)を発現するCD4細胞を報告した。IFNγ、IL−2、TNFαを単一のサイトカインとして、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせで発現する、全応答(log10スケール)CD4+又はCD8+T細胞を加え、報告する。
体液性免疫原性分析は、以下の一次免疫アッセイ(副次的目的):RSV A2株に対するVNA、並びに融合前及び融合後Fタンパク質に対する結合ELISAを含んだ。また、RSV B株に対するVNAを行った。細胞性免疫原性分析は、IFNγ ELISPOTアッセイを含んだ。結果を表2〜7に示す。
RSV融合前Fタンパク質のアミノ酸配列(RSV A2株と比較した変異は太字とされ、且つ下線を引いてある)
配列番号1:RSV preF2.2アミノ酸配列:
Claims (11)
- それを必要とするヒト対象に呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)に対する安全な免疫応答を誘導する方法であって、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含むRSV融合(F)タンパク質をコードする核酸を含む組換えアデノウイルス、及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む組成物を前記対象に、約1×1010〜約2×1011ウイルス粒子(vp)の総用量で投与することを含む方法。
- 前記組成物は、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含むRSV融合(F)タンパク質をコードする核酸を含む組換えアデノウイルス、及び薬学的に許容される担体を、約5×1010〜約1×1011ウイルス粒子(vp)の総用量で含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫応答は、RSV Fタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体の誘導を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫応答は、RSV中和抗体の誘導を含む、請求項1、2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫応答は、融合前コンフォメーションの前記RSV Fタンパク質に特異的な抗体、及び融合後コンフォメーションのRSV Fタンパク質に特異的な抗体の誘導を含み、且つ、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)において、融合前コンフォメーションのRSV Fタンパク質に特異的な抗体の幾何平均抗体価(GMT)の増加は、融合後コンフォメーションのRSV Fタンパク質に特異的な抗体の幾何平均抗体価(GMT)の増加よりも大きい、請求項1、2又は3に記載の方法。
- ELISAで測定される融合後F特異的抗体の幾何平均抗体価(GMT)の増加とVNAアッセイで測定される中和抗体の幾何平均抗体価(GMT)の増加との比は、前記組成物の投与後、前記組成物の投与前の前記比と比較して減少する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫応答は、前記配列番号1のRSV Fタンパク質をカバーするペプチドプールでの刺激に応答してIFNy ELISPOTで測定されるIFNガンマ産生T細胞によって示される細胞応答、並びに/又は、前記配列番号1のRSV Fタンパク質をカバーするペプチドプールでの刺激後の細胞内染色(ICS)によるIFNγ、IL−2及びTNFαを発現するCD4及びCD8T細胞サブセットの測定によって示される細胞応答をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象は60歳以上のヒトである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記RSV Fタンパク質をコードする前記核酸は、配列番号2の核酸配列を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組換えアデノウイルスはヒトアデノウイルスである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アデノウイルスは血清型26又は35のアデノウイルスである、請求項10に記載の方法。
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- 2018-09-13 WO PCT/EP2018/074710 patent/WO2019053109A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-09-13 EA EA202090738A patent/EA202090738A1/ru unknown
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2020
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2022
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BR112020004143A2 (pt) | 2020-09-01 |
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