JP2018082145A - R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018082145A JP2018082145A JP2017163155A JP2017163155A JP2018082145A JP 2018082145 A JP2018082145 A JP 2018082145A JP 2017163155 A JP2017163155 A JP 2017163155A JP 2017163155 A JP2017163155 A JP 2017163155A JP 2018082145 A JP2018082145 A JP 2018082145A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sintered magnet
- magnet
- terbium
- powder
- terbium powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- LNQRCSVWBYDISL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound ClC1(C)CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)Cl LNQRCSVWBYDISL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1CCCC SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004101 4-Hexylresorcinol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexylbenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O WFJIVOKAWHGMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019360 4-hexylresorcinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003258 hexylresorcinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XEMRAKSQROQPBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
- B22F2003/242—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/044—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by jet milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ネオジム、プラセオジム、ジスプロシウム、テルビウム、電解鉄、コバルト、銅、ガリウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、ホウ素を重量比でNd‐23.8%、Pr‐5%、Dy‐0.6%、Tb‐0.4%、Fe‐68.29%、Co‐0.5%、Cu‐0.13%、Ga‐0.1%、Al‐0.1%、Zr‐0.12%、B‐1%
の割合にして、不活性ガス環境下の真空溶解炉に鋳込みを完了して、鋳込温度を1450℃とし、急冷ローラの回転速度を60r/minとすると、得られる鱗片の厚さは約0.3mmとなる。鱗片をHD製粉、ジェットミルにより平均粒度が3.5μmの粉末にする。15KOeの磁場で配向し、プレス成形をして、コンパクトにする。コンパクトにしたものをArガス雰囲気下の焼結炉に入れて、1100℃で5h焼結して圧粉体を得、圧粉体を500℃の温度で5h時効して、焼結する半製品を得る。機械で加工することで、焼結する半製品を寸法が40mm*20mm*4mmの50M磁石に加工して、Moとする。
実施例1中と同一の溶解、製粉、成形、熱処理及びワイヤーカットの方法を使用して50M磁石を製造する。50M焼結磁石(40mm*20mm*4mm)に対して、脱脂、酸洗い、活性化及び脱イオン水洗浄をしてから乾燥処理する。磁石を掛具に掛けて平均粉末粒度がそれぞれ1.2μm、1.6μm、2μm、2.4μmのテルビウム粉末を使用して、エチルアルコールと重量比2:1でそれぞれスラリーJ8、J9、J10及びJ11にする。その後、スラリーJ8、J9、J10及びJllをそれぞれ使用して磁石の表面にスプレーした後で熱風を用いて磁石を乾燥させ、磁石の表面に厚さが25μmのテルビウム粉末のコーティング層を形成し、これらの3種類の磁石をそれぞれM8、M9、M10及びM11とする。これらの磁石を真空焼結炉内に置いて、970℃の温度の真空条件下(単位面積当たりの圧力は10−3〜10−4Paの範囲)で24h処理し、その後、500℃で5h時効処理をして、Arガスを通して室温まで冷却する。測定・分析をしたところ、その性能は、表2に示す通りとなる。
Claims (6)
- R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法であって、
1)当業者に公知の方法を用いてR1‐Fe‐B‐M焼結磁石を製造し、ただし、R1が、Nd、Pr、Dy、Tb、Ho、Gdのうち1種類又は数種類から選ばれ、その総量が26wt%〜33wt%であり、Mが、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Ga、Ca、Cu、Zn、Si、Al、Mg、Zr、Nb、Hf、Ta、W、Moのうち1種類又は数種類から選ばれ、その総量が0〜5wt%であり、Bの総量が0.5wt%〜2wt%であり、それ以外が、Feであることと、
2)ステップ1)で得られた焼結磁石に対して、脱脂、酸洗い、活性化及び脱イオン水で洗浄処理を行うことと、
3)超微細テルビウム粉末、有機溶剤及び酸化防止剤を均一なスラリーに調製して、ステップ2)で処理された焼結磁石の表面を覆うことと、
4)ステップ3)における磁石に対して焼結、時効処理をし、処理された磁石が次の条件、すなわち、
Hcj(4)−Hcj(1)>10kOe;Br(1)−Br(4)<0.2kGs
を満たすようにし、ただし、Hcj(4)が、ステップ4)を経た後の焼結磁石の保磁力を示し、Hcj(1)が、ステップ1)のみを経た焼結磁石の保磁力を示し、kOeが、保磁力の単位であり、Br(4)が、ステップ4)を経た後の焼結磁石の残留磁気を示し、Br(1)が、ステップ1)のみを経た焼結磁石の残留磁気を示し、kGsが、残留磁気の単位であることと、
を含むことを特徴とするR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - ステップ3)における超微細テルビウム粉末が、純粋なテルビウムインゴットを寸法最小方向が1mm〜10mmのインゴットに加工するか、又は純粋なテルビウムインゴットを寸法最小方向が2mm未満〜10mmの粒に破砕して、その後、ジェットミル処理をして平均粉末粒度が0.5〜3μmのテルビウム粉末にするステップと、テルビウム粉末の製造中に、テルビウム粉末の酸素含有量及び炭素含有量を厳格に制御して、製造するテルビウム粉末が酸素含有量<1500ppm、炭素含有量<900ppmとなるようにするステップとにより製造されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- ステップ3)において、スラリー中のテルビウム粉末の質量パーセントを50〜80%とし、酸化防止剤の質量パーセントを1〜10%とし、酸化防止剤に、1,3,5‐トリクロロトルエン、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、4‐ヘキシルレゾルシノールのうち1種類又は数種類を選んで用いることができることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- ステップ3)において、前記焼結磁石が、磁石の少なくとも一方向の厚さ<15mmで、前記焼結磁石の表面を覆う超微細テルビウム粉末層の厚さが10〜100μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- ステップ4)において、真空焼結炉内の温度が850〜970℃、熱処理時間が5〜72h、真空焼結炉内の真空度が10−3〜10−4Paであり、前記時効処理の温度が470〜550℃、処理時間が2〜5hであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 平均粉末粒度が1〜2.5μmのテルビウム粉末にして、製造するテルビウム粉末が酸素含有量<1000ppm、炭素含有量<700ppmとなるようにすることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のR‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610781202.3A CN106328367B (zh) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | 一种R‑Fe‑B系烧结磁体的制备方法 |
CN201610781202.3 | 2016-08-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2018082145A true JP2018082145A (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
JP6457598B2 JP6457598B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
Family
ID=57789561
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017163155A Active JP6457598B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 | 2017-08-28 | R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10748706B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3293739B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6457598B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101906069B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106328367B (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021025301A1 (ko) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 자석 분말의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 소결 자석 |
KR20230006556A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-01-10 | 얀타이 정하이 마그네틱 머티리얼 컴퍼니 리미티드 | NdFeB 자석 및 이의 제조 방법 및 응용 |
JP2024504209A (ja) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-01-30 | 烟台正海磁性材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | 希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107026003B (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2020-02-07 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
CN111052276B (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-08-27 | 日立金属株式会社 | R-t-b系烧结磁体的制造方法 |
CN111243807B (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-08-27 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼磁体材料、原料组合物及制备方法和应用 |
CN111312461B (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-10-01 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼磁体材料、原料组合物及制备方法和应用 |
CN113450984B (zh) * | 2020-03-26 | 2024-05-17 | Tdk株式会社 | R-t-b系永久磁铁 |
CN112670048B (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-02-03 | 东莞市嘉达磁电制品有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼磁铁的分压烧结制作方法 |
CN112768169B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-01-10 | 包头天和磁材科技股份有限公司 | 预制品及其制备方法和耐腐蚀磁体的生产方法及用途 |
CN114990652A (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-02 | 包头麦戈龙科技有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体的电镀层结构及制备方法 |
CN118248424A (zh) * | 2022-12-23 | 2024-06-25 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 具有多层结构的永磁材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08143903A (ja) * | 1994-11-22 | 1996-06-04 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類焼結永久磁石合金粉末の成形性改良剤 |
JP2001068332A (ja) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-16 | Pilot Corp | 可撓性樹脂磁石組成物 |
JP2009302236A (ja) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 希土類磁石処理用フィルムおよびそれを用いた希土類磁石 |
JP2010114200A (ja) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-05-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
US20120280775A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-08 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Rare earth permanent magnets and their preparation |
JP2012248827A (ja) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-12-13 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
WO2014148356A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-25 | インターメタリックス株式会社 | RFeB系焼結磁石製造方法及びRFeB系焼結磁石 |
US20140352847A1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | Yantai Zhenghai Magnetic Material Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing r-fe-b based sintered magnet |
CN105845301A (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-08-10 | 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 | 稀土永磁体及稀土永磁体的制备方法 |
CN107026003A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-08 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2520450B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-02 | 1996-07-31 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 耐食性希土類磁石の製造方法 |
JP4108517B2 (ja) | 2003-03-31 | 2008-06-25 | 浩嗣 中野 | ハーフトーン化処理方法及びハーフトーン化処理システム |
JP2005084213A (ja) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-31 | Ricoh Printing Systems Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
JP2006058555A (ja) | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Canon Inc | 光学シフト装置 |
MY142024A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2010-08-16 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Rare earth permanent magnet |
JP4815885B2 (ja) | 2005-06-09 | 2011-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置の制御方法 |
JP2009146890A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-07-02 | Hitoshi Arai | 低温焼付け可能な銅導電性ペースト。 |
CN101236815B (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2010-11-03 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温R-Fe-B系烧结永磁材料及其制造方法 |
JP2010238712A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-21 | Tdk Corp | 希土類焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JP5392400B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-01-22 | Tdk株式会社 | 希土類焼結磁石、その製造方法、モーター、及び自動車 |
US20160104571A1 (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2016-04-14 | Intermetallics Co., Ltd. | Sintered magnet production mold, and sintered magnet production method using the same |
CN103646773B (zh) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种R-Fe-B类烧结磁体的制造方法 |
CN104575901A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-29 | 宁波格荣利磁业有限公司 | 一种添加铽粉的钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-31 CN CN201610781202.3A patent/CN106328367B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-22 KR KR1020170105801A patent/KR101906069B1/ko active Active
- 2017-08-28 JP JP2017163155A patent/JP6457598B2/ja active Active
- 2017-08-29 US US15/690,268 patent/US10748706B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-31 EP EP17188662.5A patent/EP3293739B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08143903A (ja) * | 1994-11-22 | 1996-06-04 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類焼結永久磁石合金粉末の成形性改良剤 |
JP2001068332A (ja) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-16 | Pilot Corp | 可撓性樹脂磁石組成物 |
JP2009302236A (ja) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 希土類磁石処理用フィルムおよびそれを用いた希土類磁石 |
JP2010114200A (ja) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-05-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
US20120280775A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-08 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Rare earth permanent magnets and their preparation |
JP2012248827A (ja) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-12-13 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
WO2014148356A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-25 | インターメタリックス株式会社 | RFeB系焼結磁石製造方法及びRFeB系焼結磁石 |
EP2977999A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2016-01-27 | Intermetallics Co. Ltd. | RFeB-BASED MAGNET PRODUCTION METHOD AND RFeB-BASED SINTERED MAGNETS |
US20140352847A1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | Yantai Zhenghai Magnetic Material Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing r-fe-b based sintered magnet |
JP2014236221A (ja) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-15 | ▲煙▼台正海磁性材料股▲ふん▼有限公司 | R−Fe−B系焼結磁石の調製方法 |
CN105845301A (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2016-08-10 | 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 | 稀土永磁体及稀土永磁体的制备方法 |
CN107026003A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-08 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021025301A1 (ko) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 자석 분말의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 소결 자석 |
KR20230006556A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-01-10 | 얀타이 정하이 마그네틱 머티리얼 컴퍼니 리미티드 | NdFeB 자석 및 이의 제조 방법 및 응용 |
JP2023527854A (ja) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-06-30 | 烟台正海磁性材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | ネオジム鉄ボロン磁石及びその製造方法並びに応用 |
JP7443570B2 (ja) | 2020-05-27 | 2024-03-05 | 烟台正海磁性材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | ネオジム鉄ボロン磁石及びその製造方法並びに応用 |
KR102670670B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2024-05-29 | 얀타이 정하이 마그네틱 머티리얼 컴퍼니 리미티드 | NdFeB 자석 및 이의 제조 방법 및 응용 |
JP2024504209A (ja) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-01-30 | 烟台正海磁性材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | 希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
JP7710529B2 (ja) | 2020-12-30 | 2025-07-18 | 烟台正海磁性材料股▲フン▼有限公司 | 希土類永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6457598B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 |
KR101906069B1 (ko) | 2018-11-30 |
CN106328367A (zh) | 2017-01-11 |
US20180061568A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
US10748706B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
KR20180025199A (ko) | 2018-03-08 |
EP3293739A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
EP3293739B1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
CN106328367B (zh) | 2017-11-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6457598B2 (ja) | R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 | |
US10714245B2 (en) | Method for preparing an R-T-B permanent magnet | |
JP5837139B2 (ja) | R−Fe−B系焼結磁石の調製方法 | |
JP6281986B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石材料の製造方法 | |
CN102280240B (zh) | 一种低镝含量高性能烧结钕铁硼的制备方法 | |
EP3043364B1 (en) | Preparation of permanent magnet material | |
CN104051101B (zh) | 一种稀土永磁体及其制备方法 | |
JP6107547B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
CN114284018B (zh) | 钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法和应用 | |
JP6090589B2 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
JP2016122862A (ja) | 希土類永久磁石材料及びその製造方法 | |
CN1898757A (zh) | 稀土永磁材料的制备方法 | |
KR102101309B1 (ko) | 희토류 영구자석의 제조 방법 | |
JP2018082147A (ja) | R‐Fe‐B系焼結磁石の製造方法 | |
WO2014034849A1 (ja) | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 | |
CN113593882A (zh) | 2-17型钐钴永磁材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN108666064B (zh) | 一种添加vc的烧结稀土永磁材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114300210B (zh) | 稀土氢化金属粉末、钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 | |
CN107799251A (zh) | 一种高矫顽力共伴生稀土永磁体及其制备方法 | |
JP2025507780A (ja) | ビッグサイズR-Fe-B焼結磁石及びその製造方法と応用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20181121 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20181127 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20181220 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6457598 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |