JP2014515275A - 微細藻類からのスクアレンの抽出方法 - Google Patents
微細藻類からのスクアレンの抽出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014515275A JP2014515275A JP2014513233A JP2014513233A JP2014515275A JP 2014515275 A JP2014515275 A JP 2014515275A JP 2014513233 A JP2014513233 A JP 2014513233A JP 2014513233 A JP2014513233 A JP 2014513233A JP 2014515275 A JP2014515275 A JP 2014515275A
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- Prior art keywords
- squalene
- biomass
- microalgae
- oil
- produced
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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Abstract
Description
− トラウストキトリド(Thraustochytrid)ACEM 6063(Lewis et al.、Mar.Biotechnol.、2001、pp 439−447を参照のこと)については約0.1mg/バイオマス1g、
− シゾキトリウムマングローヴァイ(Schizochytrium mangrovei)FB1(Yue Jiang et al.、J.Agric.Food Chem.、2004、52、pp 1196−1200を参照のこと)については約0.162mg/バイオマス1g。
− 1gのトラウストキトリド(Thraustochytrid)ACEM 6063 バイオマス当たり約1mg〜1.2mgのスクアレン(Qian Li et al.、J.Agric.Food Chem.、2009、57、4267−4272またはLewis et al.、Mar.Biotechnol.、2001、3、439−447を参照のこと);
− 1gのシゾキトリウム(Schizochytrium)バイオマス当たり約0.72mgのスクアレン(G.Chen et al.、New Biotechnology、2010、27−4、pp 382−389を参照のこと);
− 1gのオーランチオキトリウムマングローヴァイ(Aurantiochytrium mangrovei)FB3Iバイオマス当たり約0.53mgのスクアレン(K.W.Fan et al.、World J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.、2010、26−3、pp 1303−1309を参照のこと);
− 1gのシゾキトリウムマングローヴァイ(Schizochytrium mangrovei)バイオマス当たり約1.17±0.6mgのスクアレン(C−J YueおよびY.Jiang、Process Biochemistry、2009、44、923−927を参照のこと)。
の産生をもたらす。
− Yue Jiang et al.、J.Agric.Food Chem.、2004、52、1196−1200には、脂質がメタノール/アセトン(7:3v/v)中に可溶化され、次いで、クロロホルム/メタノール(2:1v/v)中で洗浄する方法が記載されており;
− C−J YueおよびY.Jiang、Process Biochemistry、2009、44、923−927においては、スクアレンおよびコレステロールの抽出が、凍結乾燥した細胞のエタノールによる事前の鹸化後にヘキサンで実施されており;
− G.Chen et al.、New Biotechnology、2010、27−4、pp 382−389においては、スクアレンの抽出が、凍結乾燥した細胞のKOH(10%w/v)−エタノール(75%v/v)による鹸化後にヘキサンで実施されており;
− Lewis et al.、Mar.Biotechnol.、2001、439−447においては、先ず、凍結乾燥した細胞から、3級クロロホルム/メタノール/水(1:2:0.8v/v/v)混合物を用いて全脂質が抽出され、次いで、不鹸化脂質を得るために、これらの全脂質の一部がメタノール/水(4:1w/v)中のKOHの5%溶液で処理され、続いて、中性の不鹸化脂質がヘキサン−クロロホルム(4:1v/v)で本抽出される。
− 超臨界CO2による抽出方法;
− 有機溶剤の不在下における抽出方法
が主に記載されている。
1)介在性可溶物の濃度を低減し、これにより、発酵培地の乾燥総重量分のバイオマスの乾燥重量として表記される30%〜99%、好ましくは95%超の純度を達成するために、トラウストキトリアレス科(Thraustochytriales)に属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製する工程と、
2)得られたバイオマスを例えばアルカラーゼといった中性もしくは塩基性プロテアーゼの群から選択されるプロテアーゼ酵素を用いて処理する工程であって、これにより、前記酵素処理によって生成されるエマルジョンの形成を防止しながら前記微細藻類の細胞壁を破砕する工程と、
3)油を水性相から分離するために、得られる反応混合物を遠心分離する工程と、
4)このようにしてもたらされたスクアレン富化原油を回収する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法に関する。
− ATCC 20888と称されるシゾキトリウム属の一種(Schizochytrium sp.)
− ATCC PRA 276と称されるオーランチオキトリウム属の一種(Aurantiochytrium sp.)。
− グルコース、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、イースト菌抽出物および種々の微量元素を含む寒天栄養培地上で維持した菌株から開始し、
− 活性化されたバイオマスを得るために、オービタルシェーカ上のエルレンマイヤーフラスコ中において、pH6、25℃の温度で、前培養物を調製し、
− 前培養において用いられたものと同一の培地を有する他の系列の産生エルレンマイヤーフラスコに、およそ0.5%(v/v)の前段の工程において得られたバイオマスを接種し、温度を25℃に維持する。
− 軽質上方相(油)
− 主体となる水性中間相(水+水溶性物質)
− 下方相(細胞片ペレット)
ここでは、実際の培養/産生フェーズに先だつ2回の連続した前培養フェーズで微細藻類の発酵を行った。
第1の前培養は、Cognis GmbH Duesseldorf社製のClearol FBA 3107消泡剤を滴下した500mlバッフル付エルレンマイヤーフラスコで実施した。
− 反応器中の培地の一部、および、沈殿物の形成が防止されるよう別個に他の部分を滅菌し、
− 第2の前培養の終了時に産生されたバイオマスを、培地の0.5%v/vの割合で用いて接種を行い、
− 培養を30℃で維持し、
− 酸素移動速度を35〜40mmol/l/hで固定し、
− 0.2〜0.3VVMでエアレーションし、
− 初期pH>5.5とし、
− 15〜70g/lのグルコース濃度が維持されるよう、濃度が>20%となったらすぐにグルコースを供給した。
バイオマスのビーズによる破壊およびクロロホルム/メタノールでの冷抽出後に、分析を25℃でプロトンNMRにより実施した。定量化は、以下に記載のとおり内標準により実施した。
ここで、
As:1.55ppmでのスクアレンシグナルの面積
PTPP:積分したTPP未解像ピークのプロトンの数:9
WTPP:計量したTPPの重量(グラム)
MTPP:モル質量(グラム/TPP1モル)(MTPP=326g/mol)
MS:モル質量(グラム/スクアレン1モル)(MS=410g/mol)
PE:新鮮なバイオマスの重量(グラム)
実施例1の終了時に得られたバイオマスは発酵の終了時に54g/lの濃度であった。
実施例2における記載と同様に:
− 実施例1の終了時に得たバイオマスは、発酵の終了時に54g/lの濃度であった。
Claims (9)
- トラウストキトリアレス エスピー(Thraustochytriales sp.)ファミリーに属する微細藻類を発酵させて産生されるスクアレンを有機溶剤を用いずに抽出する方法であって、以下の工程:
1)介在性可溶物の濃度を低減し、これにより、発酵培地の乾燥総重量分のバイオマスの乾燥重量として表記される30%〜99%、好ましくは95%超の純度を達成するために、前記トラウストキトリアレス(Thraustochytriales)ファミリーに属する微細藻類のバイオマスを調製する工程と、
2)得られた前記バイオマスを例えばアルカラーゼなどの中性もしくは塩基性プロテアーゼの群から選択されるプロテアーゼ酵素を用いて処理する工程であって、これにより、前記酵素処理によって生成されるエマルジョンの形成を防止しながら前記微細藻類の細胞壁を破砕する工程と、
3)油を水性相から分離するために、前記得られた反応混合物を遠心分離する工程と、
4)このようにしてもたらされたスクアレン富化原油を回収する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 工程1)において精製された前記バイオマスが、次いで、好ましくは6%〜12%の乾燥物含有量、好ましくは10%〜12%の乾燥物含有量に調節されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程2)の前記酵素処理が、プロペラ攪拌機および阻流板を備えるデバイス中における非せん断性の弱乳化性攪拌で実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 工程2)の前記酵素処理が、50℃超、好ましくはおよそ60℃の温度、および、7超、好ましくはおよそ8のpHで実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 酵素処理の終了時に、5%(v/v)超、好ましくはおよそ10%(v/v)でエタノールが添加されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エタノール処理が、10分間超、好ましくは15分間撹拌しながら実施されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離に先だって、前記反応混合物が70〜90℃、好ましくは80℃の温度であり、および、そのpHが8〜12の値、好ましくは10の値とされることが可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離が、水性相および細胞片から抽出された軽質上方相(油)の回収を可能とする濃縮器モードの三層出力分離器において実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心分離が、4000g超、好ましくは6000〜10000g、好ましくはおよそ10000gの遠心力で実施されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
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