CN103664461A - 一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法 - Google Patents
一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylsqualene Natural products CC(=C)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)CCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC(C)C(=C)CCC(C)C(C)=C BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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Abstract
一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)原料准备;(2)复合酶处理;(3)萃取;(4)分子蒸馏;(5)收集角鲨烯。其优点是:可以减少溶剂的使用量,提取分离步骤更简洁,满足工业化生产的需求,同时可以延长木材工业、造纸制浆的产业链,提高尾巨桉的经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法。具体的说涉及应用复合酶处理提取尾巨桉木材中的角鲨烯。
背景技术
角鲨烯是一种脂质不皂化物,最初是从鲨鱼的肝油中发现的,1914年被命名为Squalene,其化学名称为2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-2,6,10,14,18,22-二十四碳六烯,属开链三萜,又称鱼肝油萜,具有提高体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、增强机体免疫能力、改善性功能、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤等多种生理功能,具有保肝作用,促进肝细胞再生并保护肝细胞,从而改善肝脏功能。 抗疲劳和增强机体的抗病能力,提高人体免疫功能。 保护肾上腺皮质功能,提高机体的应激能力。抗肿瘤,尤其在癌切除外科手术后或采用放化疗时使用,效果显著,其最大的特点是防止癌症向肺部转移。升高白细胞的作用。在化妆品中加入角鲨烯能促进吸收,保持青春。角鲨烯还能作为高级润滑油。因此,角鲨烯应用广泛,是食品、药品、化妆品、化工产品的重要原料。
角鲨烯的主要来源为各种鲨鱼的肝脏中,一般认为深海鲨鱼肝中含量高。如铠鲨肝油中含量为40%~74%,小刺鲨含49%~89%;江海鲨鱼中含量低,如扁鲨、翅鲨等含量<1.5%;闽南近海水层的鲨鳐类含量为0.012%~0.116%,姥鲨幼鱼含量为0.031%~0.46%。角鲨烯含量因鱼种不同而变化,即使同种鲨鱼亦存在年龄、地理、种群上的差异。其他动物油脂中也含有较低角鲨烯,如牛脂、猪油中含量低于不皂化物的5%。角鲨烯在植物中分布很广,但含量不高,多低于植物油中不皂化物的5%,仅少数含量较多,如橄榄油含有角鲨烯150~700mg/100g,米糠油含量为332mg/100g。深海鲨鱼的资源有限,而角鲨烯的应用越来越广,有限的角鲨烯来源已经不能满足日益增长的需要,开发新的角鲨烯资源具有十分重要的意义。
国内外研究者试图利用合成的方法进行生产角鲨烯,但反应复杂,成本较高。所以本发明提供了成本较低,操作方便,收率高的提取角鲨烯方法。本发明的原料采用中国南方的优势树种-尾巨桉,尾巨桉在海南、两广、福建、云南、贵州等地大量栽培,尾巨桉的木材中角鲨烯的含量大约为0.79%,具有很好的开发前景。现在公开报道的用尾巨桉为原料提取角鲨烯的方法有一种其专利申请号200610011358.X 一种制备角鲨烯的方法 ,该方法用尾巨桉的木片或木粉,加有机溶剂萃取后用系统溶剂分离法得到角鲨烯粗提物。工艺步骤复杂,溶剂的用量较大,不利于环境和人体健康。本发明采用复合酶处理尾巨桉的木片或木粉,用有机溶剂提取,使提取更充分,提取物经过脱溶后,直接应用分子蒸馏技术,得到角鲨烯的粗提物,工艺简洁,溶剂用量小,得到的角鲨烯粗提物含量为85%以上。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合酶处理尾巨桉,提取角鲨烯的方法,以满足市场的需要。
(二)技术方案
为实现本发明目的,本发明提供的一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料准备:将尾巨桉切割成1-2cm的小段,加入1倍量的水;
(2)复合酶处理:用碱性蛋白酶(2709)、纤维素酶、木质素酶、果胶酶处理上述原料,复合酶的比例为碱性蛋白酶(2709):纤维素酶:木质素酶:果胶酶=7:1.5:1:0.5,复合酶的用量为0.15-0.3%的尾巨桉原料重量。升温50-70℃,保温搅拌3-9小时。
(3)萃取:加入95%的乙醇,乙醇用量为尾巨桉原料的50%-150%,加入有机溶剂量为尾巨桉原料重量的1.5-4.5倍,进行萃取得到角鲨烯粗提物。其中所述的有机溶剂为正己烷或氯仿等。
(4)分子蒸馏:将角鲨烯提取物脱溶后,用三级分子蒸馏进行分离,分子蒸馏蒸发器温度设定为一级130-135℃,二级170-175℃,三级180-185℃,工作真空为5Pa以下。
(5)收集角鲨烯:角鲨烯粗提物含量为85%以上。
通过上述处理后的尾巨桉木片还可用于制浆造纸、刨花板、纤维板、或木塑复合材的原料。
本发明的优点在于:本发明可以减少溶剂的使用量,提取分离步骤更简洁,满足工业化生产的需求,同时可以延长木材工业、造纸制浆的产业链,提高尾巨桉的经济价值。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法:将尾巨桉50kg切割成1-2cm的小段,加入50kg的水,在该溶液中加入复合酶100g,复合酶的比例为碱性蛋白酶(2709):纤维素酶:木质素酶:果胶酶=7:1.5:1:0.5,升温50-70℃,保温搅拌3-9小时,加入95%的乙醇50kg,加入正已烷150kg,进行萃取得到角鲨烯粗提物1500g,分子蒸馏后,得到含量为85%的角鲨烯280g。
实施例二:
一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法:将尾巨桉50kg切割成1-2cm的小段,加入50kg的水,在该溶液中加入复合酶75g,复合酶的比例为碱性蛋白酶(2709):纤维素酶:木质素酶:果胶酶=7:1.5:1:0.5,升温50-70℃,保温搅拌3-9小时,加入95%的乙醇25kg,加入正已烷150kg,进行萃取得到角鲨烯粗提物1480g,分子蒸馏后,得到含量为87%的角鲨烯295g。
Claims (5)
1.一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,其特征在于:用复合酶处理尾巨桉,提取角鲨烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,其特征在于:用碱性蛋白酶(2709)、纤维素酶、木质素酶、果胶酶处理上述原料,复合酶的比例为碱性蛋白酶(2709):纤维素酶:木质素酶:果胶酶=7:1.5:1:0.5,复合酶的用量为0.15-0.3%的尾巨桉原料重量,升温50-70℃,保温搅拌3-9小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,其特征在于:加入95%的乙醇,乙醇用量为尾巨桉原料的50%-150%,加入有机溶剂量为尾巨桉原料重量的1.5-4.5倍,进行萃取得到角鲨烯粗提物,其中所述的有机溶剂为正己烷或氯仿等。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,其特征在于:将角鲨烯提取物脱溶后,用三级分子蒸馏进行分离,分子蒸馏蒸发器温度设定为一级130-135℃,二级170-175℃,三级180-185℃,工作真空为5Pa以下。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复合酶法处理尾巨桉提取角鲨烯的方法,其特征在于:角鲨烯粗提物含量为85%以上。
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