JP2012512175A - 治療薬を徐放するための長時間循環性ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
治療薬を徐放するための長時間循環性ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で使用される、組成物の「有効量」又は「治療有効量」は、目的の効果を達成するように計算された所定の量である。
本明細書で使用される、「長時間循環性」という用語は、生物活性にかかわらず、患者の循環系における向上した安定性を意味する。
本明細書で使用される、「ナノ」という接頭辞及び「ナノ相」及び「ナノサイズ」という用語は、粒子が約1000nm(1000×10-9m)未満の平均寸法を有することを意味する細区分の特別な状態を意味する。
本明細書で使用される「治療薬」という用語は、患者の好ましくない状態又は疾患をイメージし、影響を与え、治療し、それに取り組み、回復させ、予防し又は改善するために用いられる化合物を意味する。
−lys−(尿素)gluが挙げられ、例えば、開示されるナノ粒子は、PLA−PEG−ターゲティング部位、例えば、S,S−2−{3−[1−カルボキシ−5−アミノ−ペンチル]−ウレイド}−ペンタン二酸が挙げられる。例えば、開示されるナノ粒子は、作用薬(例えば、ドセタキセル)約10〜15重量%、PLA−PEG(例えば、PLA約16kDa及びPEG約5kDaを)約86〜約90重量%及びPLA−PEG−lys(尿素)glu(PLA−PEG16kDa/5kDa)約2〜約3重量を含み得る。その代わりとして、開示されるナノ粒子は、PLA−PEG(例えば、PLA約16kDa及びPEG約5kDa)約42〜約45重量%、PLA(例えば、約75kDa)約42〜45重量%、作用薬(例えば、ドセタキセル)約10〜15重量%及びPLA−PEG−lys(尿素)glu(PLA−PEG 16/5)約2〜約3重量%を含み得る。
PLA−PEG87.5重量%、ドセタキセル10重量%及びドセタキセル2.5重量%(配合物A)(これらの実施例で使用されるすべてのドセタキセルナノ粒子配合物は、ナノ粒子5%、水65%、ショ糖30%の組成である)を使用して、図2及び実施例12で示されるエマルジョンプロセスに従って製造されたナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセルの懸濁液を透析カセットに入れ、37℃で攪拌しながらリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)のレザバー内でインキュベートした。透析液の試料を収集し、逆相高性能液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を使用して、ドセタキセルについて分析した。比較のために、従来のドセタキセルを同一手順で分析した。
尾静脈を介してナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセル又は従来のドセタキセルを単回ボーラス投与量(ドセタキセル5mg/kg)で6〜8週齢の雄のSDラットに投与した。投与群は、それぞれ6匹のラットからなる。血液は、投与して0.083、0.5、1、2、3、4、6及び24時間後に採取し、血漿へと処理した。メチルt−ブチルエーテル(MTBE)で抽出した後、血漿中の総ドセタキセル濃度を、液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析(LC−MS)法によって測定した。MTBE抽出は、ナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセルをナノ粒子から血漿中に放出されたドセタキセルと区別せず、したがって、LC−MSデータでは、その2つは区別されない。
6〜8週齢の雄のSDラットに、以下の:(1)PLA−PEG−lys(尿素)gluターゲティングポリマーのリガンドが14C標識されている、ナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセル、(2)カプセル化ドセタキセルが14C標識されている、ナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセル、(3)14C標識された従来のドセタキセル、のうちの1つを単回ボーラス静脈内投与した。
雄の重症複合免疫不全症(SCID)マウスに、ヒトLNCaP前立腺癌細胞を皮下に接種した。接種して3〜4週間後、各群の平均腫瘍容積が300mm3であるように、マウスを異なる処置群に割り付けた。この時点で、ナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセル又は従来のドセタキセルとして、ドセタキセル50mg/kgを静脈内(IV)に単回投与した。被検者を投与して2〜12時間後に屠殺した。各群からの腫瘍を切除し、液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析(LC−MS)を用いてドセタキセルについてアッセイした。
雄の重症複合免疫不全症(SCID)マウスに、ヒトLNCaP前立腺癌細胞を皮下に接種した。接種して3〜4週間後、各群の平均腫瘍容積が300mm3であるように、マウスを異なる処置群に割り付けた。続いて、マウスを1日おき(Q2D)に4回の投与で処置し、8日の休みをとり、続いてさらに4回の投与をQ2Dスケジュールで行った。
SDラット(30匹/性別)60匹を10の用量群に割当て(ラット3匹/性別/群)、ナノ粒子に封入されたドセタキセル(5.7、7.5、10、15又は30mg/kg体重)又は従来のドセタキセル(5.7、7.5、10、15又は30mg/kg体重)を単回投与した。1日目に30分間にわたって静脈内(IV)注入することによって、治療組成物を投与し、その後、肉眼的剖検を受ける前に、被検者を7日間観察した。
実施例2の手順と同様に、ビンクリスチン及びPLA−PEGを有し、かつ特異的ターゲティング部位を持たない、図2及び実施例14に記載のように製造されたナノ粒子(受動的標的化ナノ粒子(PTNP));又はビンクリスチンのみを0.5mg/kgでラットに静脈内投与した。放出プロファイルを図8に示す。
実施例2の手順と同様に、メトトレキセート及びPLA−PEGを有し、かつ特異的ターゲティング部位を持たない、図2及び実施例15に記載のように製造されたナノ粒子(受動的標的化ナノ粒子(PTNP));又はメトトレキセートのみを0.5mg/kgでラットに静脈内投与した。放出プロファイルを図9に示す。
実施例2の手順と同様に、パクリタキセル及びPLA−PEG(配合物C)を有し、かつ特異的ターゲティング部位を持たない、図2に記載のように製造されたナノ粒子(受動的標的化ナノ粒子(PTNP));又はパクリタキセルのみを1.0mg/kgでラットに静脈内投与した。放出プロファイルを図10に示す。
実施例2の手順と同様に、ラパマイシン及びPLA−PEGを有し、かつ特異的ターゲティング部位を持たない、図2及び実施例16に記載のように製造されたナノ粒子(受動的標的化ナノ粒子(PTNP));又はラパマイシンのみを2.0mg/kgでラットに静脈内投与した。放出プロファイルを図11に示す。
ドセタキセル(マウス3匹)、受動的標的化ナノ粒子(ターゲティング部位を含まない配合物A,PTNP)又は配合物Aが投与された、MX−1乳房腫瘍を有するマウスを3つの群に無作為化した。平均腫瘍量は1.7g(RSD34%)であった。次いで、マウスに10mg/kgを注入し、次いで24時間後に安楽死させ、腫瘍を切除し、LC/MS/MSを用いて、ドセタキセル含有率を分析した。その結果を図12に表す。腫瘍における注入量のパーセントは、3%(単独でのドセタキセル)、PTNP30%、配合物A30%であった。
未処置の非ヒト霊長類(雄3匹及び雌3匹)に、以下の適切な倫理的ガイドラインを常に用いて、ドセタキセル、ドセタキセルナノ粒子(配合物A)又はドセタキセルナノ粒子(実施例14に記載のように製造された配合物B:PLA−PEG(16/5)43.25%、PLA(75kDa)43.25%、ドセタキセル10%、PLA−PEG−lys(尿素)glu2.5%)を投与した。投与群1つにつき、雄1匹及び雌1匹を使用した。投与日は1日目であり、配合物を30分間静脈内注入することによって、ドセタキセル25mg/m2又はドセタキセル50mg/m2で投与した(動物を無作為化し、次いで29日目に50mg/m2を投与し、21日目の血液及び臨床化学成分を測定した)。検査の最後に、21日間にわたって採取されたPK、血液及び臨床化学成分をアッセイした。図12は、雄(M)及び雌(F)のPNPの結果を表す。配合物A(用量25mg/m2)のナノ粒子と単独でのドセタキセルとの薬物動態の比較は以下のとおりである。
ドセタキセル(DTXL)とポリマー(ホモポリマー、コポリマー及びリガンドを有するコポリマー)の混合物で構成される、有機相が形成される。有機相は、約1:5(油相:水相)の比で混合され、水相は界面活性剤で構成され、一部は溶媒を溶解する。高い薬物ローディングを達成するために、有機相に固形分約30%が使用される。
実施例12に記載のナノ粒子製造プロトコルを修正して、緩効性ナノ粒子を製造した。
ポリマー−PEG80%(w/w)又はそれぞれ40%(w/w)のホモポリマーPLAとポリマー−PEGを用いて、全固形分5%、15%及び30%のバッチで、実施例12の基本手順を用いて、ナノ粒子バッチを製造した。使用した溶媒は:ベンジルアルコール21%及び酢酸エチル79%(w/w)であった。それぞれ2グラムのバッチサイズに対して、薬物400mgを使用し、16−5 ポリマー−PEG1.6g又は16−5ポリマー−PEG0.8g+10kDa PLA(ホモポリマー)0.8gを使用した。ジブロックポリマー16−5 PLA−PEG又はPLGA−PEG(L:G50:50)を使用し、使用される場合には、ホモポリマー:PLAは、Mn=6.5kDa、Mw=10kDa及びMw/Mn=1.55を有した。
薬物を溶解するために使用される1−アルギニン又はNaOHと共に水からなる内部水相に薬物を溶解した。ジクロロメタン(DCM)などの油相有機溶媒システムに、固形分濃度20%でポリマー(16−5 PLA−PEG)を溶解した。別段の指定がない限り、外部水相は、界面活性剤としてのコール酸ナトリウム(SC)1%と共に主に水からなる。ローターステーターによる均質化又は音波処理(Branson Digital Sonifierを使用した)下にて、内部水相を油相にw/o比1:10で添加することによって、w/oエマルジョンを調製した。。ローターステーターによる均質化又は音波処理下にて、w/oエマルジョンを外部水相にo/w比1:10で添加することによって、粗いw/o/wエマルジョンも調製した。次いで、100μmZ相互作用チャンバ(Z-interaction chamber)を備えたマイクロフルイディクス高圧ホモジナイザー(M110S空気圧駆動式)を使用して、粗いエマルジョンを処理することによって、微細なw/o/wエマルジョンを調製した。次いで、クエンチ:エマルジョン比10:1で、微細エマルジョンを冷たい脱イオン水中にクエンチした。別段の指定がない限り、すべてのw/o/w実験に関して、これらのw/o、o/w及びエマルジョン:クエンチ比を1:10に維持した。次いで、プロセス可溶化剤としてポリソルベート80(Tween80)を添加し、未封入の薬物を可溶化した。薬物:Tween80の比1:200にて、薬物の沈殿は確認されなかった。次いで、限外濾過に続いて、ダイアフィルトレーションによってバッチを処理し、溶媒、未封入薬物及び可溶化剤を除去した。Brookhaven DLS及び/又はHoribaレーザー回折によって、粒径の測定を行った。薬物ローディングを決定するために、HPLC及び固体濃度分析によって、スラリー試料を分析した。次いで、凍結する前に、スラリーをショ糖で10%に希釈した。別段の指定がない限り、示されるすべての比はw/wに基づく。
シロリムスとポリマー(ホモポリマー、コポリマー及びリガンドを有するコポリマー)との混合物で構成される有機相が形成される。有機相は、約1:5(油相:水相)の比で水相と混合され、その水層は、界面活性剤と一部溶解した溶媒とで構成される。高い薬物ローディングを達成するために、有機相に固形分約30%が使用される。単純に混合するか又はローターステーター・ホモジナイザーを使用することにより、2つの相を合わせることによって、粗い一次エマルジョンが形成される。
特許、特許出願、特許公開、雑誌、本、新聞、ウェブコンテンツなどの他の資料が、この開示内容全体を通して参照及び引用されている。かかるすべての資料は、すべての目的のために、その全文が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
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Claims (35)
- それぞれがα−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテルと治療薬とを含む、複数の長時間循環性ナノ粒子を含む生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物であって、前記組成物を患者に投与すると、少なくとも12時間、治療薬の高血漿中濃度を提供し、治療薬が単独で患者に投与された場合に得られるAUCと比較して、少なくとも100%増加した薬物血漿中濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)を提供する生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 単独で投与された場合の前記治療薬のCmaxと比較して少なくとも10%高い実測ピーク血漿中濃度(Cmax)を提供する請求項1に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 患者に投与した場合の分布容積が、約5×血漿容積以下である請求項1又は2に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬が単独で投与された場合の患者のVzと比較して、分布容積(Vz)を少なくとも50%低減する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬の高血漿中濃度を少なくとも24時間提供する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記長時間循環性ナノ粒子がそれぞれ、ターゲティング部位に結合する生体適合性ポリマーをさらに含む請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記ターゲティング部位が、タンパク質、ペプチド、抗体、抗体断片、サッカリド、炭水化物、小分子、グリカン、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、ヌクレオチド、レクチン、脂質、受容体、ステロイド、神経伝達物質、細胞表面マーカー、癌抗原又は糖タンパク質抗原からなる群から選択される請求項6に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記ターゲティング部位が、前立腺特異的膜抗原(PMSA)に結合する請求項7に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記生体適合性ポリマーがPLA−PEGである請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子。
- 前記ターゲティング部位に結合する前記生体適合性ポリマーが、PLA−PEG−((S,S−2−{3−[1−カルボキシ−5−アミノ−ペンチル]−ウレイド}−ペンタン二酸である請求項6から9のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子。
- 前記長時間循環性ナノ粒子が、前記ターゲティング部位に結合する前記生体適合性ポリマーを約1〜約4重量%含む請求項6から10のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記α−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテルが、ポリ乳酸−co−ポリエチレングリコールである請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記α−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテルが、ポリ乳酸約16kDa及びポリエチレングリコール約5kDaを含む請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記長時間循環性ナノ粒子が、α−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテル約80〜約90重量%である請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬の前記ピーク血漿中濃度(Cmax)が、単独で投与された場合の前記治療薬のCmaxよりも少なくとも100%高い請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記薬物血漿中濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)が、患者に単独で投与した場合の治療薬のAUCと比較して少なくとも150%増加する請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記長時間循環性ナノ粒子がさらに、生分解性ポリマーを含む請求項1から13に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーがポリ乳酸である請求項17に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記長時間循環性ナノ粒子が、ポリ乳酸約40〜約50重量%及びα−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテル約40〜約50重量%を有する請求項17又は18に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬の前記ピーク血漿中濃度(Cmax)が、単独で投与された場合の前記治療薬のCmaxよりも少なくとも100%高い請求項17から19のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記薬物血漿中濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)が、患者に単独で投与した場合の治療薬のAUCと比較して少なくとも200%増加する請求項17から20のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬が、化学療法薬、診断剤、予防薬、栄養補助剤、核酸、タンパク質、ペプチド、脂質、炭水化物、ホルモン、小分子、金属、セラミック、薬物、ワクチン、免疫剤及びその組み合わせからなる群から選択される請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬が抗腫瘍薬である請求項1から22のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記治療薬が、ドセタキセル、ビンクリスチン、メトトレキセート、パクリタキセル又はシロリムスから選択される請求項1から23のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- サッカリドの水溶液をさらに含む請求項1から24のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- それぞれが生体適合性ポリマーと治療薬とを含む、複数の長時間循環性ナノ粒子を含む生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物であって、前記組成物を患者に投与すると、少なくとも12時間、治療薬の高血漿中濃度を提供し、治療薬が単独で患者に投与された場合に得られるAUCと比較して、少なくとも100%増加した薬物血漿中濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)を提供する生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記患者が哺乳動物である請求項1から26のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- 前記患者が霊長類である請求項1から26のいずれか一項に記載の生体適合性ナノ粒子組成物。
- その必要がある患者に請求項1から29のいずれか一項に記載のナノ粒子組成物を投与することを含む固形腫瘍癌を治療する方法。
- 投与して少なくとも24時間後に、前記固形腫瘍が有意な濃度の治療薬を有する請求項29に記載の方法。
- それぞれがα−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテルと治療薬とを含む複数のナノ粒子を含むナノ粒子組成物を投与することを含む、その必要がある哺乳動物において固形腫瘍を治療する方法であって、前記組成物が、前記腫瘍の成長を抑制するのに有効な量の治療薬を有する方法。
- 前記組成物の単回投与によって、少なくとも1日の間、患者において前記治療薬の長時間の高血漿中濃度が得られる請求項31に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物に前記組成物を投与した後の前記治療薬のピーク血漿中濃度(Cmax)が、非ナノ粒子配合物状態で投与された場合の前記治療薬のCmaxよりも少なくとも10%高い請求項32に記載の方法。
- それぞれがα−ヒドロキシポリエステル−co−ポリエーテルと治療薬とを含む、複数のナノ粒子を含むナノ粒子組成物を投与することを含む、患者における作用薬の有害な副作用又は毒性を最小限に抑える方法であって、
前記組成物が、治療薬を単独で投与した場合と比較して、高い血漿中濃度の治療薬を患者に送達することができ、かつ前記ナノ粒子組成物を投与すると、患者における作用薬の分布容積が、治療薬を単独で投与した場合の分布容積と比較して低減される方法。 - ヒトの患者における治療薬の血漿中濃度を調節する方法であって:
前記治療薬を含むポリマーナノ粒子を提供し、
前記ポリマーナノ粒を前記患者に投与して、前記ヒトの患者の血漿中濃度を調節することを含む方法。
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EP2379064A2 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
US9308179B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
US20140093579A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US20100216804A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
WO2010075072A2 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
US9198874B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
JP2015143268A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
JP2017165780A (ja) | 2017-09-21 |
EP2379064A4 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
US20110217377A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
WO2010075072A3 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
ES2776126T3 (es) | 2020-07-29 |
EA201100765A1 (ru) | 2012-04-30 |
JP2019142924A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
US20130034608A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
US20160045608A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
EP2379064B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
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