JP2011004558A - Wind power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such a problem that a three-phase reactor, which is connected to a second winding having a larger number of turns, is expensive in a conventional small wind power generation apparatus using a permanent-magnet generator including two types of windings for executing battery charging by extracting the substantially maximum windmill output proportional to the wind velocity.SOLUTION: A wind power generation apparatus is configured as follows. A permanent-magnet generator has two types of windings. In the permanent-magnet generator, a second winding having a larger number of turns is made to have a single phase while a first winding having a smaller number of turns is made to have three phases. A second reactor to be connected in series to the second winding is made as a single-phase reactor while a first reactor to be connected in series to the first winding is made as a three-phase reactor. Each AC current is individually converted into a DC current so as to extract the total output as the substantially maximum output.

Description

  The present invention relates to a small wind power generator for taking out a maximum output from a generator driven by a windmill, and in particular, without using a PWM converter, always taking out a maximum output from a windmill to charge a battery. The present invention relates to a PWM converterless wind turbine generator.

  In order to obtain the approximate maximum output from the permanent magnet generator connected to the windmill or the water turbine without using the PWM converter, the present applicant firstly differs from the permanent magnet generator. We have proposed a wind turbine generator that connects each rectifier in series via each reactor to the AC output terminals of a plurality of windings that generate an induced voltage, and outputs the DC output of these rectifiers in parallel. For example, see published patent document 1.)

The prior art of this prior application will be described in detail with reference to a main circuit connection diagram showing a small wind power generator connected to the wind turbine of FIG.
In FIG. 4, 1 is a windmill, 21 is a conventional wind power generator, 31 is a conventional permanent magnet generator, 4, 51 are first and second reactors, and 6, 71 are first and second diode rectifiers. 10 is a positive output terminal, 11 is a negative output terminal, and 12 is a battery.
In FIG. 4, the conventional permanent magnet type generator 31 has two types of winding numbers, and shows a case of three phases each.

In FIG. 4, since the number of turns of the conventional permanent magnet generator 31 is small, the AC output terminal W1 of the first winding having a low induced voltage effective value is connected to the first reactor 4 constituted by three phases. And further connected to the first diode rectifier 6. In order to indicate that the first and second windings are three-phase, in FIG. 4, three oblique lines (///) are added to the output lines of the respective windings.
The AC output terminal W2 of the second winding having a large number of turns is connected to a second reactor 51 constituted by three phases, and further connected to a second diode rectifier 71.
The DC side of each of the first and second diode rectifiers 6 and 71 is connected in parallel to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11, and the total output of each winding is charged in the battery 12.

A method of obtaining an approximate maximum wind turbine output from the conventional wind turbine generator 21 configured as described above will be described below.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the wind turbine rotation speed versus the wind turbine output characteristic when the wind speed is used as a parameter.
In the windmill, when the shape of the windmill and the wind speed U are determined, the windmill output P with respect to the windmill rotation speed N is uniquely determined. For example, the windmill output P with respect to the wind speeds Ux and Uy is shown in FIG. And the peak of the windmill output P with respect to various wind speeds becomes like the maximum output curve Pt shown in FIG.
That is, when the wind speed is Ux in the wind turbine speed vs. wind turbine output characteristics of FIG. 3, the wind turbine maximum output Px at the wind turbine speed Nx as indicated by the intersection Sx of the wind turbine output curve of the wind speed Ux and the maximum output curve. It becomes.
When the wind speed is Uy, the windmill maximum output Py at the wind speed Uy is obtained at the windmill rotational speed Ny.

  That is, when the way of viewing the maximum output curve in FIG. 3 is changed, in order to obtain the maximum output from the wind, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is determined, the output P of the permanent magnet generator 3 at that time is uniquely determined as the maximum output. This indicates that the value may be determined on the curve Pt.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the direct current output of the conventional wind power generator 21 that is the subject of the prior application technique is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery, and the permanent magnet generator 31 of the conventional wind power generator 21. The output of each of the first and second windings of FIG. 2 is caused by the difference in the effective value of the induced voltage of each winding and the voltage drop due to the internal inductance of each winding and the reactor connected to each output terminal. “Thin dotted line P1” shown in the number-to-output characteristics, “thick solid line P2 when a part is a dotted line and the rotation speed is high” are shown.

That is, when the wind turbine rotational speed N is low, the voltage generated in the first and second windings W2 in the conventional permanent magnet generator 31 is lower than the battery voltage Vb, so the battery 12 is not charged.
However, when the wind turbine rotational speed N rises and becomes near N2, the current starts to flow through the second winding, and the current increases as the wind turbine rotational speed N increases, and the output from the second winding is P2. become.
At this time, even if the wind turbine rotation speed N increases and the induced voltage rises, the battery voltage Vb is substantially constant, but the inductance of the second winding and the impedance due to the second reactor 51 are proportional to the frequency. Therefore, the output P2 only increases gradually. Here, the inductance value of the second reactor 51 needs to be large so that the output P2 does not become larger than the maximum output curve Pt.
As for the first winding, output begins to be obtained as the rotational speed N further increases, but a large output can be obtained because the internal inductance of the first winding and the first reactor 4 are small.
The total output obtained by adding the outputs P1 and P2 of the first and second windings in the conventional permanent magnet generator 31 is an approximate output curve Ps.

JP 2004-64928 A

However, the DC output of the conventional wind turbine generator needs to follow the maximum output curve Pt of the windmill, and the induced voltage is high because the second winding has many turns. Therefore, in order to make the output P2 follow the maximum output curve Pt during low rotation, the inductance value of the second reactor needs to be large. Moreover, it consisted of a three-phase reactor.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator having an inexpensive second reactor.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the wind turbine generator in which the total output obtained by individually rectifying each alternating current of the permanent magnet generator having two types of windings having different effective voltage values is approximately the maximum output of the wind turbine, The second winding with a large number of turns of the magnet generator has a single phase, the first winding with a small number of turns has three phases, and the second reactor connected in series with the second winding is a single phase reactor. The first reactor connected in series to the first winding is a three-phase reactor.

  That is, as a means for solving the above-described problem, the second winding in the permanent magnet generator is single-phase, the first winding is three-phase, and is therefore connected in series to the second winding. The second reactor is a single-phase reactor, and the first reactor connected in series to the first winding is a three-phase reactor. The wind power generation apparatus that invents a maximum output by converting AC to DC is invented.

  By making the second winding in the permanent magnet generator into a single phase, the second reactor, the single-phase reactor, and the second rectifier can also be configured in a single phase. Can be configured.

It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the wind power generator which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the windmill rotation speed with respect to a windmill output characteristic of the wind power generator which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is the figure explaining the outline | summary of the windmill rotation speed versus windmill output characteristic when the wind speed is a parameter according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the wind power generator which concerns on the conventional Example.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a small wind power generator using a permanent magnet generator having two types of windings for taking out a substantially maximum windmill output corresponding to the wind speed and charging a battery, the second winding having a large number of turns is used. In view of the problem that the three-phase reactor connected to the power generator is expensive, in the power generation apparatus that outputs DC from the permanent magnet generator, the winding with a small number of turns is made into three phases, and the winding with a large number of turns is made single. Phased. In the permanent magnet generator having two types of windings, the second winding with a large number of turns has a single phase, the first winding with a small number of turns has a three phases, and the second winding is connected in series to the second winding. The reactor of No. 2 is a single-phase reactor, and the first reactor connected in series with the first winding is a three-phase reactor, and each AC is individually converted to DC and the total output is taken out so as to be approximately the maximum output. It is a wind power generator.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a main circuit connection diagram of a wind turbine generator driven by a windmill according to the present invention.
In the figure, 2 is the wind power generator of the present invention, 3 is the permanent magnet generator of the present invention, 5 is the single-phase reactor of the present invention, 7 is the single-phase diode rectifier of the present invention, and the same number as FIG. Represents similar identical components.
Hereinafter, FIG. 1 will be described.

The permanent magnet generator 3 of the present invention has two insulated windings having different numbers of windings, and the first winding having a small number of windings of two windings is composed of three phases and is connected to the first reactor 4. Connected to the first diode rectifier 6.
The second winding having a large number of turns is formed of a single phase and is connected to the single-phase reactor 5 and further connected to the single-phase diode rectifier 7.
In order to indicate that the first winding is three-phase and the second winding is single-phase, in FIG. 4, three diagonal lines (///) are added to the output line of the first winding. One oblique line (/) is attached to the output line of the two windings.
The direct current sides of the first diode rectifier 6 and the single-phase diode rectifier 7 are connected to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11, and further connected to the battery 12.

The wind power generation apparatus of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a method of approximately extracting the maximum output uniquely determined from the shape of the windmill at various wind speeds from the wind power generation apparatus 2 of the present invention configured as described above. A description will be given with reference to a wind turbine rotation speed vs. wind turbine output characteristic diagram of the apparatus.
Assume an approximate output curve Ps indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 2 that approximates the maximum output curve Pt indicated by a solid line in FIG. This approximate output curve Ps is a wind turbine rotation speed versus wind turbine output characteristic when the wind power generator 2 of the present invention is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery 12, and the first winding and the second winding shown in FIG. It is the same as the DC output value obtained by adding the outputs of the windings.

In FIG. 2, the wind turbine rotational speed N2 at which the second winding starts to output is determined by the induced voltage of the second winding. Therefore, even if the second winding has a single phase, if the number of turns is designed so that the induced voltage has the same value as the line voltage in the case of three phases, the second winding is similarly rotated by the wind turbine. The output is started from the number N2.
The single-phase DC output has a large output pulsation, but there is no problem because the moment of inertia of the wind turbine is large.

The single-phase reactor 5 to which the output of the second winding W2 is connected differs from the inductance value of the conventional second reactor 51 (three-phase reactor) due to the difference between single-phase and three-phase, but the output at this time Can be designed to have the same inductance value as the output P2 of FIG.
Since this single-phase reactor is a single-phase reactor, the configuration is simple and it can be manufactured at low cost. Moreover, since the single-phase diode rectifier 7 to which the output of the single-phase reactor 5 is connected is also a single phase, it can be manufactured at low cost.

The first winding having a small number of turns is composed of three phases having a high winding utilization rate in order to extract a large output, and outputs the output P1 shown in FIG.
The total output obtained by adding the outputs P1 and P2 of the first and second windings in the permanent magnet generator 3 of the present invention is an approximate output curve Ps.

  The present invention relates to a wind power generator using a permanent magnet generator having two types of windings for taking out a maximum output corresponding to the wind speed and charging the battery, so that the second winding having a large number of turns is used. By connecting a single-phase reactor and further connecting a single-phase diode rectifier to convert alternating current into direct current, the entire wind power generator can be configured at low cost, which is very useful for industrial use.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Windmill 2 Wind power generator of this invention 3 Permanent magnet type generator of this invention 4 1st reactor 5 Single phase reactor 6 1st diode rectifier 7 Single phase diode rectifier 10 Positive side output terminal 11 Negative side output terminal 12 Battery DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Conventional wind power generator 31 Conventional permanent magnet type generator 51 2nd reactor 71 2nd diode rectifier

Claims (1)

In a wind turbine generator in which the total output obtained by individually rectifying each alternating current of a permanent magnet generator having two types of windings having different effective voltage values is approximately the maximum output of the wind turbine, the number of turns of the permanent magnet generator is large. The second winding is single-phase, the first winding with a small number of turns is three-phase, the second reactor connected in series to the second winding is a single-phase reactor, and the first winding is in series The 1st reactor connected to is a three-phase reactor, The wind power generator characterized by the above-mentioned.

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