JP2009518544A - 金属生成のための熱および電気化学的処理 - Google Patents
金属生成のための熱および電気化学的処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009518544A JP2009518544A JP2008544618A JP2008544618A JP2009518544A JP 2009518544 A JP2009518544 A JP 2009518544A JP 2008544618 A JP2008544618 A JP 2008544618A JP 2008544618 A JP2008544618 A JP 2008544618A JP 2009518544 A JP2009518544 A JP 2009518544A
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- titanium
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1281—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using carbon containing agents, e.g. C, CO, carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/129—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
TiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)+2C(s)→TiCl4(g)+2CO(g)
に従って、微細化された二酸化チタン(TiO2)の炭素塩素化から生成される四塩化チタン(TiCl4)を使用する。クロールの方法(非特許文献2参照)においては、TiCl4 は、アルゴン雰囲気中において約800℃で溶融マグネシウムで還元される。この方法は、反応:
2Mg(l)+TiCl4(g)→Ti(s)+2MgCl2(l)
(ここから、過剰のMgおよびMgCl2は、真空下、1000℃で、揮発によって除去される)に従って、金属チタンをスポンジ状の塊として生成する。MgCl2は、次いで、分離され、および電気分解的にリサイクルされて、TiCl4をさらに還元するための還元剤としてMgを生成する。ハンターの方法(非特許文献3および4参照)において、反応:
4Na(l)+TiCl4(g)→Ti(s)+4NaCl(I)
に従って、還元剤としてナトリウムが使用される。クロールの方法またはハンターの方法によって生成されるチタンは、真空蒸留および/または酸性化溶液中の浸出によって還元剤ハライドから分離されて、有用なチタンの形態にさらに処理するためにチタンスポンジを除去するだけでなく、同様に、電気分解による還元剤のリサイクルを必要とする。これらの多段工程のために、得られるチタンは非常に高価であり、これは、その使用を費用に影響を受けない用途に限定する。
1. DuPont Companyから得られるTiO2顔料タイプの供給を、粉末コールタールピッチ(CTP)およびn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)の溶媒と混合した。比はTiO280部および30部の110℃のCTPおよび80部のNMPであった。NMPは、混合物の良好な流動性を提供し、およびCTPの一部を溶解させる。攪拌、シングルブレードミキシング、ボールミル粉砕、アトリションミリングなどによる混合の後、混合物を加熱して、NMPを回収および再利用のために蒸発させる。TiO2微粒子は、チャーまたはコークスから約50%の炭素までのピッチでまたはピッチと、完全に被覆および密接に混合され、引き続き加熱される。混合物を、大気圧下、典型的にはアルゴン、CO2、CO等である非酸化性雰囲気中で、1700℃に加熱した。窒化チタンの形成を防止するために、窒素雰囲気を回避した。1700℃処理の後、生成物は、純TiOであり、図9に示されるようなものと類似するXRDパターンを有した.生成されたTiOを、 4つの異なる試験で使用して、チタン微粒子を電気分解的に生成した。試験は、以下のとおりであった。
QIT(カナダ、ケベック州、Fer et Titane, Inc.社)から得られるイルメナイト鉱(第3表に示される組成を有した)を、室温で、110℃の軟化点の粉末コールタールピッチ(CTP)と、100グラムのイルメナイト鉱対40グラムのCTPおよび100グラムのトルエンの比で混合した。混合物を室温で4時間にわたってボールミル粉砕して良好な混合を達成し、および、次いで加熱して、トルエンを蒸発させこれを再利用のために回収した。不活性雰囲気下、大気圧で、混合物を1700℃にさらに加熱し、続いて、圧力を10-3 トール以下に低減しおよび温度を1800℃に上昇させ、および1時間にわたって保持した。冷却後、処理されたイルメナイト鉱は、第5表に示される組成を有した。純化されたTiO生成物を、試験1、2および5に記載される同一の電気分解試験の対象とし、不純鉱から純化されたチタン金属を生成した。
Claims (18)
- 金属をその酸化鉱から回収するための方法であって、鉱を、不活性雰囲気下、還元剤の存在下で加熱する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 還元剤が炭素またはグラファイトを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加熱が1100℃を超える温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加熱が1100〜2100℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 加熱が1400〜1800℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。
- 炭素がコールタールピッチを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭素がフルフラールアルコールに由来することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭素が樹脂に由来することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 樹脂がフェノール樹脂を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 加熱が2段階で行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 鉱が酸化チタンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記鉱が不活性雰囲気下、部分真空下、還元剤の存在下で加熱されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金属をその酸化鉱から生成するための方法であって、
(a)鉱を、不活性雰囲気下、還元剤の存在下で加熱し、それによって前記金属の低級酸化物を生成する工程、および
(b)工程(a)において生成された前記金属の低級酸化物を電気化学的還元の対象とする工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 工程(a)からの金属酸化物を炭素と混合して、工程(b)の電気化学的還元において使用するためのアノードに形成することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 鉱が酸化チタンを含むことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 鉱が、工程(a)において、不活性雰囲気下、部分真空下、還元剤の存在下で加熱されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)において生成された前記金属の低級酸化物が、工程(b)において電気化学的還元における溶質として採用されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)において生成された前記金属の低級酸化物が電極に形成され、および工程(b)において電気化学的還元における供給電極として採用されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
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- 2006-12-01 EP EP20060850220 patent/EP1957683B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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US10731264B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2020-08-04 | Universal Achemetal Titanium, Llc | System and method for extraction and refining of titanium |
US11280013B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2022-03-22 | Universal Achemetal Titanium, Llc | System and method for extraction and refining of titanium |
JP2018048402A (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2018-03-29 | ユニヴァーサル テクニカル リソース サービシーズ インコーポレイテッド | チタンの抽出および精錬のための装置および方法 |
US10066308B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2018-09-04 | Universal Technical Resource Services, Inc. | System and method for extraction and refining of titanium |
JP2015507696A (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2015-03-12 | ユニヴァーサル テクニカル リソース サービシーズ インコーポレイテッド | チタンの抽出および精錬のための装置および方法 |
JP2016528393A (ja) * | 2013-08-19 | 2016-09-15 | ユニバーシティ・オブ・ユタ・リサーチ・ファウンデイション | チタン生成物の製造 |
US10190191B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2019-01-29 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Producing a titanium product |
US10689730B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2020-06-23 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Methods of producing a titanium product |
US10400305B2 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2019-09-03 | Universal Achemetal Titanium, Llc | Method for producing titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy |
US11959185B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2024-04-16 | Universal Achemetal Titanium, Llc | Titanium master alloy for titanium-aluminum based alloys |
KR101815917B1 (ko) | 2017-08-23 | 2018-01-08 | (주)이엔비에스 | 폐 고분자 화합물을 이용한 정제유 생산 및 티타늄 정련 장치 및 그 방법 |
US10907239B1 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2021-02-02 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Methods of producing a titanium alloy product |
WO2024257526A1 (ja) * | 2023-06-14 | 2024-12-19 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | チタン系電解原料の製造方法及び、金属チタン又はチタン合金の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2006338573A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
KR20080074092A (ko) | 2008-08-12 |
US20060237327A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2007097823A3 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
AU2006338573B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
WO2007097823A2 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
JP5390860B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
CA2621464C (en) | 2016-06-14 |
EP1957683A2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
KR101370007B1 (ko) | 2014-03-04 |
EP1957683B1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
CN101278063A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
US7794580B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
CA2621464A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
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