JP2007525514A - C型肝炎ウイルスns3セリンプロテアーゼのインヒビターとしての硫黄化合物 - Google Patents
C型肝炎ウイルスns3セリンプロテアーゼのインヒビターとしての硫黄化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007525514A JP2007525514A JP2007500955A JP2007500955A JP2007525514A JP 2007525514 A JP2007525514 A JP 2007525514A JP 2007500955 A JP2007500955 A JP 2007500955A JP 2007500955 A JP2007500955 A JP 2007500955A JP 2007525514 A JP2007525514 A JP 2007525514A
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- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004072 thrombin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LCJVIYPJPCBWKS-NXPQJCNCSA-N thymosin Chemical compound SC[C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O LCJVIYPJPCBWKS-NXPQJCNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005356 urokinase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、新規のC型肝炎ウイルス(「HCV」)プロテアーゼインヒビター、1種以上のそのようなインヒビターを含有する薬学的組成物、そのようなインヒビターを調製する方法、ならびにそのようなインヒビターを使用してC型肝炎および関連する障害を処置する方法に関する。本発明は、HCV NS3/NS4aセリンプロテアーゼのインヒビターとしての新規化合物をさらに開示する。本出願は、2004年2月27日に出願された米国仮出願番号60/548,670からの優先権を主張する。
C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)は、非A型肝炎、非B型肝炎(NANBH)、特に血液に関連したNANBH(BB−NANBH)における主要な原因因子として関与する、(+)−センス一本鎖RNAウイルスである(特許文献1および特許文献2を参照のこと)。NANBHは、他の型のウイルスにより誘導される肝疾患(例えば、A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)、B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)、デルタ型肝炎ウイルス(HDV)、サイトメガロウイルス(CMV)およびエプスタイン−バーウイルス(EBV))および他の形態の肝疾患(例えば、アルコール中毒および原発性胆汁性肝硬変)と区別されるべきである。
その多くの実施形態において、本発明は、HCVプロテアーゼの新規種類のインヒビター、1種以上のこれら化合物を含有する薬学的組成物、1種以上のそのような化合物を含有する薬学的処方物を調製する方法、および1種以上のそのような化合物あるいは1種以上のそのような処方物を使用して、HCVを処置または予防するかあるいはC型肝炎の1種以上の症状を改善する方法を提供する。HCVポリペプチドとHCVプロテアーゼとの相互作用を調節する方法もまた、提供される。本明細書に提供される化合物の中で、HCV NS3/NS4aセリンプロテアーゼ活性を阻害する化合物が好ましい。本発明は、化合物、およびその化合物の薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物またはエステルを開示し、その化合物は、構造式I:
R1は、H、OR8、NR9R10、またはCHR9R10であり、ここで、R8、R9およびR10は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル−、アルケニル−、アルキニル−、アリール−、ヘテロアルキル−、ヘテロアリール−、シクロアルキル−、ヘテロシクリル−、アリールアルキル−およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より独立して選択され;
AおよびMは、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、R、OR、NHR、NRR’、SR、SO2Rおよびハロから独立して選択されるか;あるいは、AおよびMは、式Iにおいて上で示される部分:
Eは、C(H)またはC(R)であり;
Lは、C(H)、C(R)、CH2C(R)またはC(R)CH2であり;
R、R’、R2およびR3は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル−、アルケニル−、アルキニル−、シクロアルキル−、ヘテロアルキル−、ヘテロシクリル−、アリール−、ヘテロアリール−、(シクロアルキル)アルキル−、(ヘテロシクリル)アルキル−、アリール(アルキル)−、およびヘテロアリール−アルキルからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、NRR’におけるRおよびR’は、NRR’が、4員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成するように、互いに連結され;
そして、Yは、以下の部分:
ここで、Gは、NHまたはOであり;そして、R15、R16、R17、およびR18は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、ヘテロアルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、(i)R15およびR16が、互いに連結して、4員〜8員の環状構造を形成し、そして(ii)同様に、独立して、R17およびR18が、互いに連結して、3員〜8員のシクロアルキルまたは3員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
ここで、前記アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキルまたはヘテロシクリルの各々は、非置換であるか、または、必要に応じて、1個以上の部分で独立して置換され得、前記部分は、以下:ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、チオ、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、アミノ、アミド、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、スルホンアミド、アルキルスルホンアミド、アリールスルホンアミド、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ケト、カルボキシ、カルボアルコキシ、カルボキサミド、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ、アルキルウレイド、アリールウレイド、ハロ、シアノおよびニトロからなる群より選択される。
1つの実施形態において、本発明は、式I(種々の部分は上で定義される通りである)により示される化合物、あるいはそれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物またはエステルを開示する。
ここで、R15、R16、R17、およびR18は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、ヘテロアルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリール、およびヘテロアリールからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、R15およびR16が、互いに連結して、4員〜8員のシクロアルキル構造または4員〜8員の複素環構造を形成し、および/または、R17およびR18が、互いに連結して、3員〜8員のシクロアルキルまたは3員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成し、
ここで、前記アリール、ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキルまたはヘテロシクリルの各々は、非置換であるか、または、必要に応じて、1個以上の部分で独立して置換され得、そしてこれらの部分は、以下:ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、チオ、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、アミノ、アミド、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、スルホンアミド、アルキルスルホンアミド、アリールスルホンアミド、カルボキシ、カルボアルコキシ、カルボキサミド、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ、アルキルウレイド、アリールウレイド、ハロ、シアノおよびニトロからなる群より選択される。
そしてY12は、H、CO2H、CO2Me、OMe、F、Cl、Br、NH2、N(H)S(O2)CH3、N(H)C(O)CH3、NO2、S(O2)NH2、CF3、Me、OH、OCF3、およびC(O)NH2からなる群より選択される。
そしてY12が、H、CO2H、CO2Me、OMe、F、Cl、Br、NH2、N(H)S(O2)CH3、N(H)C(O)CH3、NO2、S(O2)NH2、CF3、Me、OH、OCF3、およびC(O)NH2からなる群より選択され:そして、以下の部分:
「患者」とは、ヒトおよび他の動物の両方を含む。
カプセル−活性成分を含む組成物を保持または含有するためのメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコールもしくは変性ゼラチンもしくはデンプンで作られた特別な容器あるいは囲壁をいう。硬質殻カプセルは、典型的に、比較的高いゲル強度の骨および豚皮ゼラチンのブレンドから作られる。カプセルそれ自体は、少量の染料、不透明化剤、可塑剤および防腐剤を含有し得る。
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMF:N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド
EtOAc:酢酸エチル
AcOH:酢酸
HOOBt:3−ヒドロキシ−1,2,3−ベンゾトリアジン−4(3H)−オン
EDCl:塩酸1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド
NMM:N−メチルモルホリン
ADDP:1,1’−(アゾジカルボニル)ジピペリジン
DEAD:アゾジカルボン酸ジエチル
MeOH:メタノール
EtOH:エタノール
Et2O:ジエチルエーテル
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
HOBt:N−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
PyBrOP:ヘキサフルオロリン酸ブロモ−トリス−ピロリジノホスホニウム
DCM:ジクロロメタン
DCC:1,3−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド
TEMPO:2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ
Phg:フェニルグリシン
Chg:シクロヘキシルグリシン
Bn:ベンジル
Bzl:ベンジル
Et:エチル
Ph:フェニル
DMF−DMA:N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド−ジメチルアセタール
iBoc:イソブトキシカルボニル
iPr:イソプロピル
tBuまたはBut:tert−ブチル
Boc:tert−ブチルオキシカルボニル
Cbz:ベンジルオキシカルボニル
Cp:シクロペンチルジエニル
Ts:p−トルエンスルホニル
Me:メチル
HATU:ヘキサフルオロリン酸O−(7−アザベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルウロニウム
DMAP:4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジン
BOP:ヘキサフルオロリン酸ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル−オキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)
PCC:クロロクロム酸ピリジニウム
KHMDS:ヘキサメチルジシラジドカリウムまたはビス(トリメチルシリルアミド)カリウム
NaHMDS:ヘキサメチルジシラジドナトリウムまたはビス(トリメチルシリルアミド)
LiHMDS:ヘキサメチルジシラジンリチウムまたはビス(トリメチルシリルアミド)
リチウム
10% Pd/C:炭素担持の10重量%パラジウム
TG:チオグリセロール。
本発明の化合物を、以下に記載される一般的なスキーム(方法A〜E)を用いて合成した。
酸性条件下での1.01のN−Boc官能基の脱保護により、塩酸塩1.02を得、これを続いてペプチドカップリング法の下でN−Boc−tert−ロイシンとカップリングして1.03を得た。N−Boc脱保護、その後の適切なイソシアネートでの処理によって、尿素1.05を得た。そのメチルエステルの加水分解によって、酸1.06を得た。酸1.06と適切なP1−P’一級アミド部分とのペプチドカップリングによって、ヒドロキシルアミド1.07を得た。酸化(Moffatt酸化または関連プロセス−T.T.Tidwell、Synthesis、1990、857、またはDess−Martinペルヨージナン−J.Org.Chem.、(1983)48、4155を参照のこと)により、標的化合物1.08を生じた。
酸1.06と適切なP1−P’二級アミド部分とのペプチドカップリングによって、ヒドロキシルアミド1.09を得た。酸化(MoffattまたはDess−Martin)により、標的化合物1.10を生じた。
別のバリエーションでは、N−Boc−P2−P3−酸1.17と適切なP1−P’アミド部分とのペプチドカップリングによって、ヒドロキシルアミド1.11を得た。酸化(MoffattまたはDess−Martinペルヨージナン)により、ケトアミド1.12を生じた。N−Boc官能基の脱保護によって、塩酸塩1.13を得た。適切なイソシアネート(またはイソシアネート等価物)での処理により、標的化合物1.14を生じた。
さらに別のバリエーションでは、塩酸塩1.13を4−ニトロフェニルクロロホルメートとの反応によって、4−ニトロフェニルカルバメート1.15に変換した。その後の一般に好ましいアミン(またはアミンの塩酸塩)での処理によって、標的化合物1.14を得た。
さらに別のバリエーションでは、ジペプチド塩酸塩1.03を上記のように4−ニトロフェニルカルバメートに変換した。一般に好ましいアミン(またはアミンの塩酸塩)での処理によって、尿素誘導体1.05を得た。方法A/Bに記載されるような加水分解およびさらに綿密に合成して、標的化合物1.14を得た。
(中間体10.11および10.12の調製)
(工程1)
*代替的に、乾燥メタノールにAcClを添加することによって調製した6M HClもまた、使用することができる。
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(中間体20.01の調製)
(注:報告された合成のバリエーションにおいて、スルホニウムイリドを、対応するホスホニウムイリドに置き換えた)。
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(工程1)
(中間体50.01の調製)
(工程1)
(実施例108)
窒素雰囲気下において−78℃で、無水THF(200ml)中のメチルシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート(11.1g;78mmol)の撹拌溶液に、KHMDS(トルエン中、200mのl0.5M溶液)を滴下した。その添加を完了し、反応物をこの温度でさらに0.5時間維持し、その後ベンジルクロロメチルエーテル(18.6ml;134mmol)を添加した。この反応物を一晩で室温まで温め、水(100ml)を添加した。ワークアップ水溶液から残渣を得、この残渣を溶離液としてEtOAc;ヘキサン(1:10)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、無色の油状物として所望の不純な中間体エーテル(14.98g)を得た。
MeOH(80ml)中の10% Pd/C(0.5g)および前述の粗製エーテル(4.1g)の黒色懸濁液を、室温で一晩窒素雰囲気下(バルーン)に曝した。この反応物をセライトのパッドを通して濾過し、固形物をメタノールで十分に洗浄した。合わせた濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、粗生成物をEtOAc;ヘキサン(1:5)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して無色の油状物の第一級アルコール(108A;0.62g)を得た。
水酸化カリウム(0.25g)を、水(1ml)およびエタノール(5ml)の混合物に溶解し、メチルエステル(108C;0.089g)に添加し、そして得られた混合物を、窒素雰囲気下で週末を越えて(約72時間)加熱して還流した。冷却後、反応物をEtOAcと希HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機層を分離し、ブラインで洗浄し、乾燥させて濃縮し、粗製の中間体のカルボン酸を得、これを精製せずに使用した。
上記の工程からのカルボン酸のトルエン溶液に、トリエチルアミン(61μl)、続いてDPPA(95μl)を添加し、反応物を一晩100℃に加熱した。冷却後、反応混合物をEtOAcと飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液との間で分配した。この有機層を分離し、乾燥させ、濃縮してイソシアネート(108D;50mg)を得、これを精製せずに使用した。
ジクロロメタン(1ml)中のイソシアネート(108D;50mg)を、塩酸塩の混合物に添加し(108E;20.06の20.07への変換について記載した様式で20.08から調製した;100mg))、そしてジクロロメタン(2ml)中のトリエチルアミン(111μl)および得られた混合物を、室温で4時間撹拌した。この反応混合物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(硫酸マグネシウム)、濃縮して残渣を得、これを精製せずに工程8において使用した。
前述の工程の残渣を、トルエン(3ml)およびジメチルスルホキシド(3ml)の混合物中に溶解し、EDCl(647mg)、続いてジクロロ酢酸(140μl)を添加し、得られた反応混合物を4時間の間室温で撹拌した。この反応混合物をEtOAcと5%亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、10% HCl、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(硫酸マグネシウム)、濃縮して残渣を得た。溶離液としてアセトン:ヘキサン(40:60)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによってこの残渣を精製し、所望のケトアミド(108;11.5mg)を得た。MS;MH+、592.1。
トリエチルアミン(111μl)を、ジクロロメタン(5ml)中の工程2から得た残渣、カルボン酸(1.17;0.180g)およびBOP試薬(0.236g)の混合物に添加し、そしてその混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。この反応物を酢酸エチルと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(硫酸マグネシウム)、そして揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc:ヘキサン(70:30)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって残渣を精製し、白色の固形物として所望のヒドロキシアミド(185D;0.165g)を得た。
トルエン(1ml)中のカルボン酸(185B;20mg)およびトリエチルアミン(13μl)の混合物に、DPPA(19μl)を添加し、得られた反応混合物を1時間の間加熱して還流した。冷却後、この反応物をEtOAcと飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムとの間で分配した。有機相を分離し、乾燥させ、そして揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。粗製の中間体イソシアネートを得、これを以下の工程7で精製せずに使用した。
工程6から得た生成物をジクロロメタン(1mL)中に溶解し、ジクロロメタン(1ml)中の塩酸塩(185F;20mg)およびトリエチルアミン(60μl)の混合物に添加し、そして得られた混合物を1時間の間室温で撹拌した。この反応物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させて揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc:ヘキサン(1:1)を使用するシリカゲルプレートクロマトグラフィーによって得られた残渣を精製し、白色の固形物としてケトアミド(185;16.3mg)を得た。MS:MH+、662.5。
メチルシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート(5.55g)、KHMDS(トルエン中、100mlの0.5M溶液)、無水THF(100ml)およびベンジル2−ブロモエチルエーテル(10.09g)ならびに上記に記載した手順(実施例108、工程1)を使用して、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc:ヘキサン:15:85)の後に所望の中間体のベンジルエーテル(6.83g)を得た。
前述のベンジルエーテル(5.00g)、10% Pd/C(1.00g)、メタノール(20ml)および上記に記載した手順(実施例108;工程2)を使用して、ラクトン(113B;0.87g)、続いてアルコール(113A;2.01g)を、シリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc;ヘキサン;1:10)によって得た。
エタノール(15ml)中のラクトン(113B;0.84g)の溶液にナトリウムチオフェノキシド(0.68g)を添加し、得られた混合物を一晩窒素雰囲気下で加熱して還流した。冷却後、ワークアップ水溶液とシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc−ヘキサン;30:70)による粗製の反応生成物の精製とから、黄色の固形物としてカルボン酸(113C;0.32g)を生じた。108Cの108への変換について上記に記載した化学的作用を使用して、類似の様式で113Cを113に変換した。MS、MH+、668.3。
アルコール(113A;1.00g)、メタンスルホキシクロライド(1.12g)、トリエチルアミン(0.82g)、塩化メチレン(10ml)および上記に記載した手順(108A〜108B)を使用して、所望の中間体のメシレートを得、精製せずに次の工程で使用した。
前述のメシレート、ナトリウムメタンチオレート(0.75g)、エタノール(10ml)および上記に記載した手順(108B〜108C)を室温で使用して、所望の硫化物(116A;0.78g)をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc−ヘキサン;1:10)の後に得た。上記に記載した手順(108C〜108D)および(108D〜108)を使用して、中間体116Aを116に変換した。MS;MH+、606.1。
(工程1)
3−ベンジルオキシアニリン(5.00g;Aldrich)を濃HCl(10ml)の混合物中に溶解し、氷(10.00g)を加えた。氷浴で冷却しながら、水(10ml)中の亜硝酸ナトリウム(1.85g)を添加した。この添加を完了し、カリウムO−エチレンキサンテートを添加して、窒素ガスの放出が止まるまでこの温度で撹拌し、次いで、1.5時間の間40℃〜50℃で加熱した。冷却後、ワークアップ水溶液とシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン中2〜5% EtOAc)による精製物とから、中間体のキサンテート(3.60g)を得た。
THF(10ml)中の前述のキサンテート(1.49g)の撹拌溶液に、水素化リチウムアルミニウム(THF中、6.4mlの1M溶液)を滴下し、0.5時間の間R.T.で撹拌した。この反応を過剰のアセトンでクエンチし、EtOAcと1M HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、乾燥させて濃縮した。この粗製の反応生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン中の1%〜2% EtOAc)によって精製し、白色の固形物としてチオフェノール(198A;0.84g)を得た。
中間体のイソシアネートをジクロロメタン(2ml)中に溶解し、塩酸塩284A(20.06〜20.07について記載した変換を使用して20.04から調製した;1.66g)およびトリエチルアミン(3.4ml)の混合物に添加し、この混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。ワークアップ水溶液とEtOAc−ヘキサン(3:97)を使用したシリカゲル上での残渣の精製とから、所望の尿素(284B)を生じた。
アリルアミン(0.045ml)、BOP試薬(0.266g)およびトリエチルアミン(0.25ml)を、ジクロロメタン(5ml)中のヒドロキシ酸(284F;0.348g)の溶液の混合物に添加し、得られた混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。反応物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させて濃縮し、残渣を得た。この残渣を以下の工程8で精製せずに使用した。
この残渣をジクロロメタン(5ml)に溶解し、Dess−Martinペルヨージナン(0.424g)を添加し、反応混合物を3時間室温で撹拌した。この反応物をEtOAcと5%亜硫酸ナトリウムとの間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させて濃縮した。この粗製の反応生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、所望のケトアミド(284;0.296g)を得た。MH+、732.2。
(式311の化合物のための式311Dおよび式311Eの中間体の調製)
一方は、高級なRfアミンに由来する:H1−NMR(CDCl3)δ3.79(dd,J1=9.9Hz,J2=3.0Hz,1H),3.25(m,1H),3.1−3.0(m,2H),2.25(m,2H),2.2−2.0(m,1H),2.0−1.7(m,2H),1.09(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。
(式336の化合物の調製)
(スキーム336〜2)
カルボン酸(792C;0.172g)および塩酸塩(792D)のジクロロメタン溶液(5ml)に、BOP試薬(0.246g)、続いてトリエチルアミン(0.232ml)を添加し、得られた反応混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。この反応混合物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、そして減圧下で揮発性物質を除去して残渣を得、これを精製せずに工程4で使用した。
工程3から得た残渣にジオキサン(10ml)中の4M HClを添加し、この溶液を2時間の間室温で静置した。揮発性物質を減圧下で除去し、塩酸塩(792E)を得、これを精製せずに使用した。
メチルエステル(792B−鏡像異性体A;0.100g)の溶液を無水DMF(1ml)に溶解し、エタンチオ酸ナトリウム(0.122g)を添加し、反応混合物を約72時間室温で撹拌した。この反応物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、水(×4)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、そして揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。
工程5から得た残渣を無水トルエン(2ml)に溶解し、DPPA(0.083ml)およびEt3N(0.054ml)を添加して、1時間窒素雰囲気下にてこの反応物を120℃まで加熱した。冷却後、反応物をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水溶液との間で分離した。有機相を分離し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、揮発性物質を減圧下で除去してイソシアネート(792F−鏡像異性体A)を得、これを精製せずに使用した。
ジクロロメタン(3ml)中の塩酸塩(792E;0.050g)にトリエチルアミン(0.100ml)、続いてトルエン(1ml)中の上記イソシアネート(792F;約0.040g)を添加し、反応混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。この反応混合物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させた(MgSO4)。揮発性物質を減圧下で除去して残渣を得、これを精製せずに工程8で使用した。
工程7から得た残渣をジクロロメタン(3ml)に溶解し、Dess−Martinペルヨージナン(peridinane)(0.100g)を添加し、反応物を1時間室温で撹拌した。この反応物をEtOAcと10%チオ硫酸ナトリウムとの間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc−ヘキサン(1:1)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって残渣を精製し、白色の固形物としてケトアミド(792;0.0436g)を得た。
窒素雰囲気下でカルボン酸エステル(621A;3.75g)を無水ジエチルエーテル(50ml)中に溶解し、−78℃まで冷却した。KHMDS(トルエン中、69mlの0.5M溶液)を滴下し、得られた混合物をさらに15分間撹拌し、その後BOMCI(1.7当量)を添加し、そして反応フラスコを冷却容器から取り出して室温までゆっくりと温めた。水(約10ml)を添加し、混合物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、そして減圧下で揮発性物質を除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc:ヘキサン(1:20)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって残渣を精製し、無色の油状物として中間体ベンジルエーテル(3.01g)を得た。
工程2から得たベンジルエーテル(2g)に、メタノール(10ml)、続いて10% Pd−C(1g)を添加し、黒色の懸濁液を一晩水素(バルーン)雰囲気下に配置した。セライトのパッドを通して反応物を濾過し、固形物をメタノールで十分に洗浄した。この濾液を濃縮して無色の油状物として所望のアルコール(621B;1.362g)を得た。
アルコール(621B;0.32g)をジクロロメタン(5ml)に溶解し、塩化メタンスルホニル(0.166ml)、続いてトリエチルアミン(0.37ml)を添加し、得られた反応物を0.5時間撹拌し、その後、EtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、減圧下で揮発性物質を除去して残渣を得、これを精製せずに工程5で使用した。
工程4から得た残渣をDMF(10ml)に溶解し、ナトリウムtert−ブチルチオレートを添加し、そして窒素雰囲気下にて得られた反応混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。この反応混合物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、水(×4)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、減圧下で揮発性物質を除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc−ヘキサン(3:7)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって残渣を精製し、カルボン酸(621C;0.214g)を得た。
Dess−Martinペルヨージナン(21.35g)を、ジクロロメタン(100ml)中のアルコール(455A;10.00g)の溶液に添加し、45分間撹拌し、その後、ホスホラン(17.42g)を添加して一晩撹拌した。この反応混合物を5%チオ硫酸ナトリウム水溶液とEtOAcとの間で分配し、有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させて(MgSO4)減圧下で濃縮した。ヘキサンをこの残渣に添加し、得られた懸濁液を2時間激しく撹拌して濾過した。減圧下で濾液を濃縮し、溶離液としてEtOAc−ヘキサン(1:99)を使用するシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、黄色の油状物として所望のアルケン(455B;7.33g)を得た。
ベンジルカルバメート(455G;0.037g)に、TFA(2ml)、続いてメチルスルフィド(0.5ml)を添加し、得られた溶液を3時間室温で静置し、その後揮発性物質を除去した。粗製の生成物を精製せずに以下の工程9で使用した。
工程8から得た残渣に、ジクロロメタン(3ml)、カルボン酸(455H;0.050g)、Bop試薬(0.047g)、そして最後にトリエチルアミン(0.044ml)を添加し、得られた混合物を一晩室温で撹拌した。この反応物をEtOAcと10% HCl水溶液との間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、減圧下で揮発性物質を除去して残渣を得、これを精製せずに以下の工程10で使用した。
工程9から得た残渣に、ジクロロメタン(3ml)、続いてDess−Martinペルヨージナン(0.075g)を添加し、この懸濁液を2時間室温で撹拌し、その後EtOAcと5%チオ硫酸ナトリウムとの間で分配した。有機相を分離し、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、減圧下で揮発性物質を除去した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによってこの粗製の反応生成物を精製し、白色の固形物として所望のケトアミド(455;0.0467g)を得た。
40mlのDCM中の900mgの1005−E、1.0mlのt−ブチルアミドおよび0.4mlのNMMの混合物を、0.5時間室温で撹拌し、1M KHSO4溶液、ブラインで洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥させた。溶媒をエバポレートすると、445mgの粗製の生成物を得、これをDCMおよびDCM中の5% EtOAcを使用してシリカゲルで精製した。617mgの1005−Fを得た。MS:379[M+Na]+。
10mlの無水DMF中の600mgの1005−F、2.64gの炭酸セシウムおよび0.5mlのヨウ化メチルの混合物を一晩室温で撹拌し、50mlの氷水で希釈し、2×50mlのEtOAcで抽出した。合わせた有機溶液を2回水で洗浄し、1回ブラインで洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥させた。真空下で溶媒を除去すると、白色の固形物として620mgの1005−Gを得た。MS:385[M+H]+。
MeOH中の1005−G(600mg)およびPd(OH)2(70mg)の溶液を、一晩水素雰囲気下に配置した。この固形物を濾過し、MeOHで完全に洗浄した。揮発性物質を減圧下で除去し、アミン(1005−J;380mg)を得た。MS:251[M+H]+。
ジクロロメタン(50ml)中の塩酸塩(Bachem;2.24g)の溶液に、NMM(2.6ml)、続いてp−ニトロフェニルクロロホルメート(2.42g)を添加し、得られた混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。この反応混合物を、冷たい1M HCl水溶液、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄し、乾燥させ、減圧下で揮発性物質を除去した。溶離液としてEtOAc:ヘキサン(1:10)を使用するシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって粗製の反応生成物を精製し、カルバメート(1005−K;2.97g)を得た。
分光光度アッセイ:HCVセリンプロテアーゼについての分光光度アッセイは、R.Zhangら、Analytical Biochemistry,270(1999)268−275(この開示は、本明細書中に参考として援用される)に記載される手順に従うことによって、本発明の化合物について実施され得る。色素生産性のエステル基質のタンパク質分解に基づくこのアッセイは、HCV NS3プロテアーゼ活性の継続的なモニタリングに適している。この基質は、NS5A−NS5B接合配列(Ac−DTEDVVX(Nva)、ここでX=AまたはP)のP側に由来し、この配列のC末端のカルボキシル基は、4種の異なる発色団アルコール(3−ニトロフェノールまたは4−ニトロフェノール、7−ヒドロキシ−4−メチル−クマリン、または4−フェニルアゾフェノール)のうちの1種によってエステル化される。これらの新規の分光光度的なエステル基質の合成、特徴付け、およびハイスループットスクリーニングへの適用、ならびにHCV NS3プロテアーゼインヒビターの詳細な反応速度評価を、以下に示す。
材料:アッセイに関連する緩衝液のための化学的試薬を、Sigma Chemical Company(St.Louis,Missouri)から得る。ペプチド合成のための試薬を、Aldrich Chemicals,Novabiochem(San Diego,California)、Applied Biosystems(Foster City,California)およびPerseptive Biosystems(Framingham,Massachusetts)から得た。ペプチドを、手動で合成するか、または自動化ABIモデル431A合成機(Applied Biosystemsによる)で合成する。UV/VIS SpectrometerモデルLAMBDA 12を、Perkin Elmer(Norwalk,Connecticut)から入手し、そして96ウェルUVプレートをCorning(Corning,New York)から入手した。予熱ブロック(prewarming block)を、USA Scientific(Ocala,Florida)から入手し得、そして96ウェルプレートボルテクサー(vortexer)を、Labline Instruments(Melrose Park,Illinois)から入手し得る。モノクロメーターを備えるSpectramax Plusマイクロタイタープレートリーダーを、Molecular Devices(Sunnyvale,California)から入手する。
Claims (49)
- 化合物、または該化合物の鏡像異性体、立体異性体、回転異性体、互変異性体、およびラセミ化合物、あるいは該化合物の薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物またはエステルであって、該化合物は、以下の式I:
R1は、H、OR8、NR9R10、またはCHR9R10であり、ここで、R8、R9およびR10は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル−、アルケニル−、アルキニル−、アリール−、ヘテロアルキル−、ヘテロアリール−、シクロアルキル−、ヘテロシクリル−、アリールアルキル−およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より独立して選択され;
AおよびMは、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、R、OR、NHR、NRR’、SR、SO2Rおよびハロから独立して選択されるか;
あるいは、AおよびMは、式Iにおいて上で示される以下の部分:
Eは、C(H)またはC(R)であり;
Lは、C(H)、C(R)、CH2C(R)またはC(R)CH2であり;
R、R’、R2およびR3は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、ヘテロアルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、NRR’におけるRおよびR’は、NRR’が、4員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成するように、互いに連結され;
そして、Yは、以下の部分:
ここで、Gは、NHまたはOであり;そして、R15、R16、R17、およびR18は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々は、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、ヘテロアルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリール、およびヘテロアリールからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、(i)R15およびR16が、互いに連結して、4員〜8員の環状構造を形成し、そして(ii)同様に、独立して、R17およびR18が、互いに連結して、3員〜8員のシクロアルキルまたは3員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成し;
ここで、該アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキルまたはヘテロシクリルの各々は、非置換であるか、または、1個以上の部分で必要に応じて独立して置換され得、そして該部分は、以下:ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、チオ、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、アミノ、アミド、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、スルホンアミド、アルキルスルホンアミド、アリールスルホンアミド、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ケト、カルボキシ、カルボアルコキシ、カルボキサミド、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ、アルキルウレイド、アリールウレイド、ハロ、シアノおよびニトロからなる群より選択される、化合物。 - 請求項1に記載の化合物であって、R1は、NR9R10であり、かつR9は、Hであり、R10は、HまたはR14であり、ここでR14が、H、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキル、アルキル−アリール、アルキル−ヘテロアリール、アリール−アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、またはヘテロアリール−アルキルである、化合物。
- Yが、以下の部分:
ここで、R15、R16、R17、およびR18は、同じであるかまたは異なり得、各々が、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、ヘテロアルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、アリール、アリールアルキル、ヘテロアリール、およびヘテロアリールアルキルからなる群より独立して選択されるか、あるいは、代替的に、R15およびR16が、互いに連結して、4員〜8員のシクロアルキルまたは4員〜8員の複素環式構造を形成し;R17およびR18が、互いに連結し、3員〜8員のシクロアルキルまたは3員〜8員のヘテロシクリルを形成し、ここで、該アリール、ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキル、またはヘテロシクリルの各々は、非置換であるか、または、必要に応じて1個以上の部分で独立して置換され得、そして該部分が、以下:ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、チオ、アルキルチオ、アリールチオ、アミノ、アミド、アルキルアミノ、アリールアミノ、アルキルスルホニル、アリールスルホニル、スルホンアミド、アルキルスルホンアミド、アリールスルホンアミド、アルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、カルボキシ、カルボアルコキシ、カルボキサミド、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ、アルキルウレイド、アリールウレイド、ハロ、シアノおよびニトロからなる群より選択される、化合物。 - 請求項1に記載の化合物であって、ここで:
R1は、NHR14であり、R14が、以下:
R2が、以下の部分:
R3が、以下の部分:
Yが、以下:
ここでY31が、以下:
Y32が、以下:
そしてY12が、H、CO2H、CO2Me、OMe、F、Cl、Br、NH2、N(H)S(O2)CH3、N(H)C(O)CH3、NO2、S(O2)NH2、CF3、Me、OH、OCF3、およびC(O)NH2からなる群より選択され;そして、以下の部分:
- 活性成分として、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1種の化合物を含有する、薬学的組成物。
- HCVに関連する障害を処置する際の使用のための、請求項13に記載の薬学的組成物。
- さらに、少なくとも1種の薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含有する、請求項13に記載の薬学的組成物。
- さらに、少なくとも1種の抗ウイルス薬を含有する、請求項15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- なおさらに、少なくとも1種のインターフェロンを含有する、請求項16に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の抗ウイルス薬が、リバビリンであり、そして前記少なくとも1種のインターフェロンが、α−インターフェロンまたはペグ化インターフェロンである、請求項17に記載の薬学的組成物。
- HCVに関連する障害を処置する方法であって、そのような処置を必要とする患者に、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1種の化合物の治療有効量を含有する薬学的組成物を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記投与が、経口または皮下である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- HCVに関連する障害を処置するための薬学的組成物を調製する方法であって、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1種の化合物と、少なくとも1種の薬学的に受容可能なキャリアとを、十分に接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
- HCVに関連する障害を処置するための薬学的組成物であって、該組成物が、請求項22に記載の1種以上の化合物の治療有効量および薬学的に重要可能なキャリアを含有する、薬学的組成物。
- さらに、少なくとも1種の抗ウイルス薬を含有する、請求項23に記載の薬学的組成物。
- なおさらに、少なくとも1種のインターフェロンまたはPEG−インターフェンロンα結合体を含有する、請求項24に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 少なくとも1種の前記抗ウイルス薬が、リバビリンであり、そして前記少なくとも1種のインターフェロンが、α−インターフェロンまたはペグ化インターフェロンである、請求項25に記載の薬学的組成物。
- C型肝炎ウイルスに関連する障害を処置する方法であって、請求項22に記載の1種以上の化合物の有効量を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)プロテアーゼの活性を調節する方法であって、請求項22に記載の1種以上の化合物と、HCVプロテアーゼとを接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
- C型肝炎の1つ以上の症状を、処置するか、予防するか、または改善する方法であって、請求項22に記載の1種以上の化合物の治療有効量を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記HCVプロテアーゼが、NS3/NS4aプロテアーゼである、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、HCV NS3/NS4aプロテアーゼを阻害する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)ポリペプチドのプロセシングを調節する方法であって、該ポリペプチドがプロセシングされる条件下で、HCVポリペプチドを含有する組成物を、請求項22に記載の1種以上の化合物と接触させる工程を包含する、方法。
- 精製された形態の請求項1に記載の化合物。
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